PSYC 200 Week #6
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Transcript of PSYC 200 Week #6
Agenda Roll call Collect and discuss graded assignments APA Editorial Style (continued) Manuscript components Plan for next week / Announcements
Assignments Gramlich ch 9 rewriting assignment Extra Credit – dual article summary Single Article Summary assignment
Missing 6…please consult
APA Editorial Style (continued)
What is editorial style? The collection of rules and methods for
presenting written information that go beyond the typical rules of written English.PunctuationSpellingCapitalizationItalicsAbbreviationsNumbersMetricationStatistical & Math
Spelling – Preferred Spelling Use the dictionary!! Use the APA Dictionary of Psychology
(VandenBos, 2007) for psychological terms. Watch your plurals! Possessives
Add 's to make singular possessive (Walk’s, student’s)
Add ' after s on plurals (the Walks’ house, the students’ grades)
Spelling – Hyphenation For standard compound words, use the
dictionary as a guide For temporary compounds:
If the word precedes the word it modifies, it may need hyphenation○ The first-year students needed extra support.
If the word comes after the word it modifies, it usually doesn’t need hyphenation.○ The students were in their first year.
Spelling – Hyphenation (2) General Principle 1: If the compound can
be misread, use a hyphen. General Principle 2: If a temporary
compound is used as adjective before noun, use hyphen if the term expresses a single thought (all words modify the noun)Heavy-truck trafficHeavy truck traffic t-test results
Spelling – Hyphenation (3) General Principle 3: If the compound FOLLOWS the
term is describes or modifies, do not need hyphen (usually)The traffic had a lot of heavy trucks.The results from the t test
General Principle 4: Write most words formed with prefixes as one word (see p 100 for exceptions, e.g., self-)
General Principle 5: When 2 or more compounds have same base, drop base and keep hyphen until last compound givenThe 2-, 5-, and 7-year-olds were…
Capitalization – Complete Sentence Always capitalize the 1st word in a
complete sentence. Capitalize the 1st word after a colon that
begins a complete sentence.There is one thing to remember in this class:
Always revise your papers before turning them in.
Capitalization – Titles Major words of titles in the body References to section names in the
same paper Headings in your paper (levels 1 & 2 are
Title Caps; 3-5 are sentence caps)
Capitalization – Names Proper nouns and adjectives University department and class names
(not generic names)Psychology 200psychology classes
DO NOT CAPITALIZE laws, theories, models, statistical procedures, or hypotheses.
Capitalization – More Rules Nouns followed by numerals or letters
that denote a specific place in a numbered series. (e.g., Table 2, Chapter 3, Experiment 1)
Titles of Psychological Tests Variable, Factor, and Effect Names:
Only caps variables and effects when appear with multiplication signs (interactions)
Italics Titles of book, periodicals, etc. (not
article/chapter titles) Introduction of new, key term (1st time
only) Linguistic examples (e.g., the word word) Misread words (e.g., the small group) Scale anchors NOT USED FOR EMPHASIS
Abbreviations - General Use sparingly For non-commonplace abbreviations:
Introduce full term 1st
Then include abbreviationContinue to use abbreviation thereafter
Use abbreviations only if:The reader is more familiar with the
abbreviation than the wordConsiderable space can be saved and
cumbersome repetition avoided
Abbreviations - Scientific Units of measurement (see p 109)
Use abbreviations if accompanied by numeric values (e.g., 3 cm… measured in centimeters)
Units of timeDo not abbreviate day, week, month, yearDo: hr, min, ms, ns, s
Do not add s to make plural
Numbers – when to use numerals Numbers 10 and above Numbers in abstract Numbers immediately before unit of measurement
(5 cm) Numbers that represent stats or math functions,
ratios, percentages, etc. Times, dates, ages, scores and points on scales,
exact sums of money HOWEVER, approximations should be words Numbers that denote specific place in numbered
series
Numbers – when to use words Numbers at beginning of sentence, title,
heading, etc. Common fractions (one-half) Any number less than 10 (unless other
rules for numeral use apply)
Numbers – when to use both numerals and words Back-to-back numbers
24 twelfth-gradersTen 7-point scales
Numbers – decimals Use 0 before decimal (e.g., 0.4) only
when value of number can exceed 1What kind of numbers cannot exceed 1?
When reporting probability values, use exact value to 2-3 decimal places (e.g., p = .023)…NO LONGER USE p < .05, p < .01, etc.
except for p < .001
Numbers – using commas Use commas to separate groups of 3
digits in number > 1,000. Exceptions:
PagesBinarySerial numbersTemperaturesFrequency (acoustics)Degrees of Freedom, F(2, 2003) = 2.39
Statistics, etc. Be aware, but not memorize that there
are specific rules for presenting statistical analyses beginning p. 116
Use this section when you’re writing your own papers!!
A note about tables Chapter 5 is ALL about tables and
figures When writing own reports, read carefully
Parts of APA Manuscript
The parts of an APA manuscript Title Page Abstract Body
Literature reviewMethodResultsDiscussion
References Appendices Tables Figures
The Title Page - Review Title
Purpose: Quickly identify the purpose/content of your article
Formatting: Centered in upper half of page Title Caps Line break at logical point if > 1 line long
Content: 10-12 words Stand alone: major variables/issues and their
relationships
Abstract Purpose:
Quickly summarize the contents / findings of the article Formatting:
Next page after title page Center word “Abstract” at top of page Double-space and begin typing abstract (no indent)
Content: Cover all major sections of article 150 words Stand alone
Body Purpose:
The “meat” of your article. You want to share your experiences, knowledge, opinions with the world.
Formatting: Title centered at top of first page Double space, indent, and begin your text
Content: Discuss all necessary aspects of your topic {see next slide}
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction
Purpose: Identify previous work in the field relating to your
topic / study Formatting:
NO heading (e.g., “Introduction”) to start May use headings to separate sections
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction (cont’d)
Content Lit review
Cite previous scientific work related to your article Logical (usually not chronological) order
Purpose of study What are you trying to accomplish / investigate?
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Introduction (cont’d)
Content (cont’d) Theoretical issues
How does your article impact the field? How has previous work in the field influenced your article?
Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?
Statement of hypotheses What do you expect to find, given the previous work in the
field and your own personal twist?
Body – Literature Review Paper Introduction
Content Theoretical issues
What previous work has been done in this topic? Is there any controversy / disagreement about this topic? What are the opposing view points?
Definitions of variables What do you mean by, “depression” or “efficient time use”?
Body – Experimental / Research Paper Other Components of the Body
Method Section Results Section Discussion Section
Body – Method Section Purpose:
To relate the procedures conducted and used to gather that data for the current study
Allows for replication of your work Content
Participants / SubjectsMaterials, Appartus, and MeasuresProcedures
Body – Results Section Purpose
To relate the findings of your researchBe succinct, concise, no imagination
GuidelinesReport results of hypotheses tests in orderDescribe size and direction of significant
resultsInclude all necessary stats to support
conclusions (no RAW data)Report any ad-hoc tests as such
Body – Discussion Section Purpose
To summarize findings and discuss hypotheses (both supported and unsupported)
Place your findings in the larger context of the field. Content
Assessment of hypotheses resultsCompare / contrast, connect with theory,
acknowledge alternative interpretations, applications, future research
Limitations of study
APA Style Practice Test #2
In Conclusion… Next week:
APA Style Mastery Test (yes, we will also have class content)○ Open manual, open notes○ Worth 50 points
Readings: Stan, ch 1 – 6 … READ IT!!!