Psy 201 Final Overview

Chapter 1 - 15

Explain and then draw “Visual Information Processing” from scene

to brain.

Scene

Retinal processing:Receptor rods andconesbipolar cells

ganglion cells

Feature detection:Brain’s detector cells

respond to elementaryfeatures-bars, edges, or

gradients of light

Abstraction:Brain’s higher-level cells

respond to combinedinformation from

feature-detector cells

Recognition:Brain matches the

constructed image withstored images

Explain and then draw the flow charts for the two theories of

gender-typing.

Two theories of gender-typing

Rewards and punishments

+Observation and

imitation ofmodels

Cultural learningof gender

Gender schema(looking at self and

world through a gender “lens”)

Social learning theory Gender schema theory

Gender-organizedthinking

+Gender-typed

behavior

Gender-typedbehavior

Explain and draw Maslow’s hierarchy of

needs.

Draw the flow chart and name the elements for “The Two

Routes to Emotion.”

Appraisal

Event

Emotionalresponse

Physiologicalactivation

Expressivebehavior

Subjectiveexperience

Example Question 1Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is

Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from:

A) an antisocial personality disorder.B) schizophrenia. C) a panic disorder. D) a dissociative identity disorder. E) a mood disorder.

Example Question 1Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is

Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from:

A) an antisocial personality disorder.B) schizophrenia. C) a panic disorder. D) a dissociative identity disorder. E)a mood disorder.

Example Question 2

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the:

A) framing effect. B) belief perseverance phenomenon.C) confirmation bias. D) representativeness heuristic.E) availability heuristic.

Example Question 2

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the:

A) framing effect. B) belief perseverance phenomenon.C) confirmation bias. D) representativeness heuristic.E) availability heuristic.

Example Question 3

Rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with:

A) loud sounds. B) bright lights. C) bitter tastes. D) high-pitched sounds. E) any of the above.

Example Question 3

Rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with:

A) loud sounds. B) bright lights. C) bitter tastes. D) high-pitched sounds. E) any of the above.

Example Question 4Which of the following is the best description of

techniques involving behavior modification?A) Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of

anxiety-arousing experiences. B) Clients' illogical ways of thinking are

vigorously challenged. C) Patients are influenced by controlling the

consequences of their actions. D) What a client says during the course of

therapy is repeated or rephrased. E) Attention is focused on clients' positive and

negative feelings toward their therapists.

Example Question 4Which of the following is the best description of

techniques involving behavior modification?A) Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of

anxiety-arousing experiences. B) Clients' illogical ways of thinking are

vigorously challenged. C) Patients are influenced by controlling the

consequences of their actions. D) What a client says during the course of

therapy is repeated or rephrased. E) Attention is focused on clients' positive and

negative feelings toward their therapists.

Example Question 5

A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage:

A) altruism. B) nonconformity. C) ingroup bias. D) groupthink. E) superordinate goals.

Example Question 5

A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage:

A) altruism. B) nonconformity. C) ingroup bias. D) groupthink. E) superordinate goals.

Example Question 6

Differences in learning and memory abilities are greatest among people during:

A) late adolescence. B) early adulthood. C) middle adulthood. D) later adulthood.

Example Question 6

Differences in learning and memory abilities are greatest among people during:

A) late adolescence. B) early adulthood. C) middle adulthood. D) later adulthood.

Example Question 7Prejudice is best defined as: A) the tendency to favor members of one's own

group. B) a fearful suspicion of people one has never

met. C) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and

its members. D) a perceived incompatibility of actions or

goals. E) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve

their fate.

Example Question 7Prejudice is best defined as: A) the tendency to favor members of one's own

group. B) a fearful suspicion of people one has never

met. C) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and

its members. D) a perceived incompatibility of actions or

goals. E) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve

their fate.

Example Question 8

A synapse is a(n): A) chemical messenger that triggers

muscle contractions. B) automatic response to sensory input. C) junction between a sending neuron and

a receiving neuron. D) neural cable containing many axons.

Example Question 8

A synapse is a(n): A) chemical messenger that triggers

muscle contractions. B) automatic response to sensory input. C) junction between a sending neuron and

a receiving neuron. D) neural cable containing many axons.

Example Question 9

The central nervous system consists of:

A) sensory and motor neurons.B) somatic and autonomic

subsystems. C) the brain and the spinal cord.D) sympathetic and parasympathetic

branches.

Example Question 9

The central nervous system consists of:

A) sensory and motor neurons.B) somatic and autonomic

subsystems. C) the brain and the spinal cord.D) sympathetic and parasympathetic

branches.

Example Question 10

Perception is the process by which:A) stimulus energies are detected.B) stimulus energies are

transformed into neural activity. C) sensory input is selected,

organized, and interpreted.D) nerve cells respond to specific

features of a stimulus.

Example Question 10

Perception is the process by which:A) stimulus energies are detected.B) stimulus energies are

transformed into neural activity. C) sensory input is selected,

organized, and interpreted.D) nerve cells respond to specific

features of a stimulus.

Example Question 11

In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n):

A) conditioned response.B) unconditioned stimulus.C) unconditioned response.D) conditioned stimulus.

Example Question 11

In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n):

A) conditioned response.B) unconditioned stimulus.C) unconditioned response.D) conditioned stimulus.

Example Question 12

The process of encoding refers to:A) the persistence of learning over time. B) the recall of information previously

learned. C) getting information into memory.D) the motivated forgetting of painful

memories. E) a clear memory of an emotionally

significant event.

Example Question 12

The process of encoding refers to:A) the persistence of learning over time. B) the recall of information previously

learned. C) getting information into memory.D) the motivated forgetting of painful

memories. E) a clear memory of an emotionally

significant event.

Example Question 13

The bell-shaped pattern that represents the frequency of occurrence of intelligence test scores in the general population is called a:

A) standardization sample. B) reliability coefficient. C) factor analysis. D) normal curve. E) savant syndrome.

Example Question 13

The bell-shaped pattern that represents the frequency of occurrence of intelligence test scores in the general population is called a:

A) standardization sample. B) reliability coefficient. C) factor analysis. D) normal curve. E) savant syndrome.

Example Question 14

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:

A) homeostasis. B) a drive. C) an instinct. D) extrinsic motivation. E) metabolic rate.

Example Question 14

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:

A) homeostasis. B) a drive. C) an instinct. D) extrinsic motivation. E) metabolic rate.

Example Question 15

In one survey, Americans were more optimistic that they themselves would go to heaven than would either Michael Jordan or Bill Clinton. This best illustrates:

A) an internal locus of control. B) the Barnum effect. C) an Electra complex. D) sublimation. E) self-serving bias.

Example Question 15

In one survey, Americans were more optimistic that they themselves would go to heaven than would either Michael Jordan or Bill Clinton. This best illustrates:

A) an internal locus of control. B) the Barnum effect. C) an Electra complex. D) sublimation. E) self-serving bias.

Example Question 16When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying

on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in:

A) the mere exposure effect. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) social loafing. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) the bystander effect.

Example Question 16When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying

on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in:

A) the mere exposure effect. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) social loafing. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) the bystander effect.