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Physical education includes the development of the learner’s physical fitness, strength, flexibility

and basic sport skills.

Sport is a human activity involving specific administrative organisations and a historical

background of rules.

Physical education helps develop the learner physically, psychologically and socially and takes

place in the school set up.

Sport involves competition or challenge and a definite outcome that is primarily determined by

physical skill.

Sport is characterised by certain rules and common goals.

Rapid growth leads to clumsiness.

The relative shortness of legs in very young children limits running ability.

The additional weight that girls gain during puberty, and their change in body posture influences

the speed at which they can move.

Long arms and legs at the beginning of puberty enable children to run better.

The relative size of the head in early childhood influences the balance of the body during

movement.

ASSIGNMENT 02 – WRITTEN COMPULSORY ASSIGNMENT

Assignment 02 requires more insight and understanding of various concepts of the study material.

Various questions are asked which covered the entire study guide. The mark allocation is given after

each assignment.

Complete the assignment in the space provided.

Make sure you supply one fact per bullet.

1. Briefly explain the relationship between physical education and sport. (5)

2. Which are the most common posture problems? How would you correct these problems? (5)

Problem How to correct it

Round upper back (kyphosis) Encourage some hanging, pull-ups, push-ups, arm rotators,

wall pushes, and head and arm raisers.

Problem How to correct it

Hollow back (lordosis) Do some car stretchers, trunk stretchers and back arches.

Problem How to correct it

Lateral Curvature (scoliosis) Encourage some hanging and side stretches.

3. Changes in body proportions affect how skills are performed. Explain why this is (5)

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All educators have a duty of care when learners are placed in their care. This means that they

are responsible for the learners’ well-being.

Educators acts loco parentis (in stead of parents), and must act diligently.

Sound knowledge of the law will firstly protect the interest of the educator. By knowing the law

the educator evades a heap of legal woes, and unnecessary burden.

Such knowledge affords the educator the perfect platform to execute his/her duties in a highly

competent manner.

The physical education educator will clearly know when his/her actions will result in

negligence, and will be able to avert such a situation.

Your coaching, athletes and school sport benefit from improving school-community

links. Include strategies on how to link school sport programmes with the community

with regards to the following:

Parents (5)

4. What is ‘integration’ as it relates to sport? Explain. (5)

Some learners are kinesthetic learners who learn better through motor activity (movement).

Integration is then the inclusion of physical education and sport into other curriculums / subjects

to facilitate the process of teaching and learning.

This (inclusion) integration should be mutually beneficial, whereby it should benefit physical

education as well as the other subjects.

Academic subjects must integrate physical education regularly to its advantage. This may include

games, etc. to consolidate certain concepts.

The place and role of each subject in the learners’ total education must be made clear from the

onset.

5. Describe the teaching progression that is best suited for a child during early childhood (5)

They should be exposed to various activities, games, dance and gymnastics.

They should be allowed to discover and explore their bodies.

Movement concepts and skills should be greatly emphasized.

Grades 1 & 2 educators must find creative and exploratory ways for learners to learn locomotion

and non-locomotion activities. Dance activities should afford learners the opportunity to be creative,

develop rhythmic skills with singing games, etc.

These activities should be designed bearing in mind the learners’ level of maturity and abilities.

6. Why must the Physical Education teacher have knowledge of the law? (5)

Explain why.

7.

Use the expertise, experience and skills of parents by asking them to assist with coaching.

Involve parents with the various administrative and supporting tasks. Eg. Co-ordinating and

washing gears.

Parents can be involved in fundraising activities.

They can also manage the marketing and public relations of the programme.

Parents can facilitate the disciplinary and behavior management processes.

8. What is your role as a Physical Education teacher in the drug education of your learners?

Explain. (5)

The P.E educator should equip learners with various skills to make informed decisions, and

ultimately guide them towards making positive decisions.

Inform learners of the legal implications of drug and substance abuse.

Highlight the effects of drugs on the human body. Differentiate between short and long term

effects.

Stress the financial implications of drug usage, since it is extremely expensive.

Create an awareness of how peer pressure can influence decisions around drug usage, as it is

extremely easy to succumb to pressure when your peers are having success.

9. Find an appropriate newspaper article on the use of steroids/stimulants/supplements in

school sport in South Africa

ARTICLE: www.saschoolsports.co.za

Wednesday, 05 September 2012 12:46

RUGBY: School Boy Steroid Doper Faces Ban

SA Institute for Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS) has

announced that doping control tests have revealed

that a 17 year old school boy has tested positive for

the banned anabolic steroid, nandrolone, at the 2012

Craven Week schools rugby tournament and could

face a ban of up to two years from sport.

This is according to Dr Shuaib Manjra, Chairman

of Institute for Drug-Free Sport, who says that the

boy, who cannot be named because he is a minor,

will face an independent tribunal in two months

time. The boy was tested along with about 51% of

participants at the Craven Week schools rugby

tournament in July.

Manjra says that the standard sentence is a minimum ban of two years and not less than a year, where there are

mitigating circumstances. “It will be up to the tribunal to rule on the appropriate sanction,” he says.

It is bad news for the boy that tested positive, who, if he receives a ban could dent his dream of a career in rugby and

his chances of being recruited by the Provincial Unions who talent spot during school tournaments. “Even though doping control tests show that the majority of boys competed clean in this year’s tournament, this

does not mean that they are not doping,” stresses Manjra. “Some of them may have stopped taking steroids weeks

before the competition, in order to pass the drug tests during the tournament.” Manjra says that the issue of steroid

abuse in schools is known to be widespread and this is why the Institute has been very aggressive with its education

campaigns throughout the year and in the week leading up to Craven Week.

“Our education team has had many anti-doping education sessions with schools and the respective provincial

schools rugby teams,” he adds. “The information has been unequivocal that school rugby players can expect to be

tested. We also emphasized the risk of taking sports supplements, many of which contain banned substances like

anabolic steroids, pro hormones and stimulants, which are disguised under labeled ingredients such as ‘testosterone

booster’ or ‘growth-hormone accelerator’, which are used on the packaging of products.”

Manjra says that steroids are dangerous, as they can cause abnormal organ growth and function; change the

endocrine system and mess up a perfectly normal hormone profile of a growing adolescent.

On a positive note, he says that media coverage on the SAIDS ‘I Play Fair. Say No! to doping’ educational

campaign, aimed at tackling doping in sport; spreading the message of ethics, fair-play and anti-doping in sport, has

played a large role in generating more awareness around doping in schools and this may have also served as a

deterrent.

He points out that ‘in competition’ is only one of the strategies used as part of SAIDS doping control strategy. “This

type of testing has its limits since athletes can ensure that they are ‘clean’ in the lead up to competitions,” he

explains. “They can still engage in systematic doping in the off-season while reaping the benefits of this dangerous

life-style choice in the competition season.”

While there are constraints in terms of the Schools Act pertaining to out-of-competition, no-notice testing, Manjra

says that SAIDS, together with headmasters and school governing bodies have developed a creative strategy that

stays true to the Schools Act, while still tackling the disturbing problem of doping among learners. A programme

that combines education and testing is to be rolled out in subscribing schools in the near future.

What is your opinion regarding the use of steroids and supplements in school sport? (10)

Learners of school going age are fairly young, and the use of any steroid or supplements may hold some

serious health risks for the learner at a later stage of his/her life.

Since most of the sporting codes ban the use of such substances, the learner runs the risk of having his/her

career cut short due to punitive measures and sanctions. As in the case with the boy in the article above.

I sincerely think that the usage of these substances creates a false sense of success, and may have some

serious affective and mental repercussions at a later stage when steroids and stimulants are unavailable.

I also deem it unfair towards the athlete who uses his/her natural abilities to compete.

The usage of banned substances deducts from the spirit in which sports must be played.

Drugs users often experience heightened levels of aggression, and this may result in an unsafe

environment for other competitors and players.

Drugs also leaves athletes disorientated at times, and this places the learner at risk of serious

occupational hazards that might even result in death.

The use of illegal substances fosters a culture of unethical behavior, and leaves the athlete feeling

indifferent towards other competitors.

The usage of drugs in school sport eventually filters through to the classroom since it is endeavored that

physical education and sport is integrated into other school subjects. It could easily influence discipline in

class.

The use of steroids and supplements eventually impacts the family life of the athlete since it has some

serious financial implications.

TOTAL 50 X 2 = 100%