PSSA revie

• What does k stand for in kg?• What does g stand for?

• How do you convert 20 kg into grams• Hint look

Daily Notes

• Page 89 # 1 and #2

Daily Notes• Law of Conservation of Energy States energy

cannot be _______ or ___________• Law of Conservation of Mass – mass cannot

be ___________ or _______________

1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft)1 foot = 12 inches (in.)1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz.)1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt)1 quart = 2 pints (pt)1 pint = 2 cups (c)1 cup = 8 fluid ounces1 day = 24 hours (hr)1 hour = 60 minutes (min)1 minute = 60 seconds (sec)

So we know…..

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed it cycles throughout our earth

• So does the – Water Cycle– Nitrogen Cycle– Carbon Cycle

Today’s goal• Identify how Nitrogen and Carbon CYCLES

throughout an ecosystem• Will you meet your goal?

PSSA Review

• kilo means what?• How many calories is in a kilocalorie?

• What is 10% of 25?

Daily Notes

• Page 98 and 99

Collins Writing Type 2 4 lines Time 6 minutes

• Describe your Journey as a Carbon Molecule– Describe at least 3 places you visited– Be creative– Add A hook to your intro sentence

Energy pyramid- shows how energy is passed from one organism to another. Each level supports fewer individuals than the one before.

• Trophic Level - A trophic level is each level in the pyramid. • Energy- the ability to do work• Calorie- a measurement of energy• Law of Conservation of Energy- energy cannot be created or

destroyed, only 10 % is available to the next trophic level• Law of Conservation of Mass – mass cannot be created or

destroyed

Silent rEADING

• Shhhhhhhhhhhhhshhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

Collins Writing Type 2 4 lines Time 6 minutes

• Describe your Journey as a Nitrogen Molecule– Describe at least 3 places you visited– Be creative– Add A hook to your intro sentence

Today’s goal• Explain how Nitrogen and Carbon moves

throughout an ecosystem

• Did you meet your goal?• 4 I can teach others• 3 I can understand it on my own• 2 I can understand it with some help• 1I need someone to explain most it to me but I can

remember some parts• 0 What are you talking about?

Ticket out of the door

• Name 4 cycles in our ecosystem

• Why is it important that they cycle and not get destroyed?

Ticket out of the door• Which of these species would

need to have the greatest number of individuals consumed in order to feed a hawk?

• A. Fox• B. Snake• C.Rabbit• D. Grass

Energy Pyramid

Food Supply - Eat grain rather than MeatEnergy is used much more efficiently if humans eat plants (first tropic level) instead of meat (second tropic

level. A given area of farmland can support more people if the crops are fed directly to people rather than to livestock that people then eat.

For example if a man needs 3,000 Calories per day, then 30,000 Cal beef are needed, which in turn need 300,000 Cal of corn, which in turn means 30,000,000 Cal of sunshine. This works out to be 1.5 acres of corn per

day per person. If the person ate corn directly then 10 people could be supported by the same 1.5 acres of corn.

FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS

• In the living world, every form of life is food for another.

• Food chains and webs show how food and energy are passed between species.

Goal to understand HowEnergy changes in the ecosystem

A. First law of thermodynamicsB. Second law of thermodynamics

1st Law of Thermodynamics

• Rub hands together• Place on face• What happened?

Conestoga River Ecosystem Energy Bead Activity

Dark green BacteriaLight Green Blue Green AlgaeRed MayflyBlack Black FlyGray Brook Trout

Each Bead Represent 1 kg of biomassSlide a red bead on a pipe cleanerUsing the 10% rule how much biomass does the Mayfly need? Slide ______________ Green Beads with the MayflyTrout eat______________ so assemble _______ strands to represent the biomass needed to feed the Trout

Write on the back of your notes sheet

• Draw an energy pyramid using the bead activity be sure to label the amount of biomass at each trophic level

REVIEW

1. Can energy be created or destroyed? 2. This is a statement of what law? 3. What is a synonym for conserve?

1. Keep or Lose4. As food moves through an ecosystem is all

the energy converted into usable energy? 5. This is a statement of what law?

REVIEW• 1. Can energy be created or destroyed? (No) • 2. This is a statement of what law? (First Law of

Thermodynamics) • 3. Which living things are able to convert radiant or

solar energy into usable chemical energy? (Producers or plants)

• 4. As food moves through an ecosystem is all the energy converted into usable energy? (No)

• 5. This is a statement of what law? (Second Law of Thermodynamics)

1st Law of Thermodynamics

• The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changes forms.

• In the introductory activity chemical energy in our bodies was changed to mechanical energy in our arms. – Friction caused some of this mechanical energy to be

changed to noticeable heat energy in our hands. – We also felt some of the heat move to our cooler faces.

1st Law of Thermodynamics

• The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changes forms.

• A practical ecological consequence of this law is that all living things must have a source of energy.

• The ultimate source of energy for most living things is the sun.

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

• The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that at every trophic level 10 percent of the energy available

• We felt the heat in our hands move to our cooler face.

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

• Producers are the only organisms that are able to take the radiant energy from the sun and change it to chemical energy in food, glucose sugar.

• In the process of photosynthesis producers use carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and light, to make sugar and oxygen.

– In the "light" phase of photosynthesis energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are formed.

– In "dark" phase a variety of substances required to build and maintain tissues are produced.

– Plants may convert as much as 75 percent of the light received into chemical energy in glucose sugar.

• Organisms in the environment have very poor efficiency in converting the energy they receive into usable energy or into energy which is stored and eaten by the next link on a food chain.

•

http://www.epa.gov/mercury/exposure.htm

Daily Notes

• Describe how you could make a bunch of energy for people to use.

Energy pyramid- food pathway that shows how energy and nutrients are passed from one organism to another. Each level supports fewer individuals than the one before.

• Trophic Level - A trophic level is each level in the pyramid. • Energy- the ability to do work• Calorie- a measurement of energy• First law of thermodynamics- energy cannot be created or

destroyed• Second Law of Thermodynamics- only 10% of energy is

available to next trophic level

a food pathway that links different species in a community. energy and nutrients are passed from one organism to another. each level supports fewer individuals than the one before. This results in a pyramid of numbers with many organisms at the bottom and few at the top.

Energy pyramid

Food Energy Pyramids• Flow of energy through a food chain. As

energy passes to a higher tropic level, approximately 90% of the useful energy is lost.

• In moving to the next tropic level, only 10 % of the original energy is available.

• By the third tropic level only 1% of the energy is available.

TROPHIC LEVEL-

• The position each species occupies in a certain chain. This position is called a trophic level.

• For example, eagle eat snake, so if a food chain contains an eagle and a snake, the __________ will be at a higher level.

• The same species may occupy different trophic levels in different food chains.

Daily Notes

• If a shrimp eats 200 calories of plant does that shrimp get 200 calories of energy?

No! The 2nd law of thermodynamics states that only

10% is available to be used10% 0f 200 is .20 times 200 = 20The shrimp uses 20 calories of the plant

Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem Energy Bead Activity

Dark green Benthic AlgaeLight Green Planktonic AlgaeRed ShrimpBlack FliesGray Herring Gull

Each Bead Represent 1 kg of biomassSlide a red bead on a pipe cleanerUsing the 10% rule how much biomass does the shrimp need? Slide ______________ Green Beads with the shrimpGulls eat______________ so assemble _______ strands to represent the biomass needed to feed the gull

Write on the back of your notes sheet

• Draw an energy pyramid using the bead activity be sure to label the amount of biomass at each trophic level

REVIEW

1. Can energy be created or destroyed? 2. This is a statement of what law? 3. Which living things are able to convert

radiant or solar energy into usable chemical energy?

4. As food moves through an ecosystem is all the energy converted into usable energy?

5. This is a statement of what law?

REVIEW• 1. Can energy be created or destroyed? (No) • 2. This is a statement of what law? (First Law of

Thermodynamics) • 3. Which living things are able to convert radiant or

solar energy into usable chemical energy? (Producers or plants)

• 4. As food moves through an ecosystem is all the energy converted into usable energy? (No)

• 5. This is a statement of what law? (Second Law of Thermodynamics)

Chesapeake BayWe determine its health!

• You will be assigned one of the Bay's six habitats:

• Forests• Wetlands • Streams & Rivers • Shallow Waters • Aquatic Reefs • Open Bay Waters

• Based on your research, design new organism--plant or animal--to be introduced into your habitat. This organism needs to not only survive and thrive, but it also should make a positive contribution to the quality of that habitat and to the Chesapeake Bay in general, and it should aid in improving a problem that currently exists within the habitat. You may create your organism by blending parts of other organisms that already exist, or you may develop a totally new organism. The information about your organism will be presented using one of these formats:

• PowerPoint • Poster • Brochure

How does the interdependence of organisms inthe Chesapeake Bay affect the natural processes of the

Bay?

• You are a genetic biologist whose job is to develop a new organism that will help improve the quality of the Chesapeake Bay. You will introduce your findings to the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay, a regional nonprofit organization whose mission is to protect and to restore the Bay and its rivers. You will then need to convince the Alliance to accept and to introduce your new organism into the Bay's ecosystem.http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/

cbhabitats/index.html