Psidium guajava - Hill Agrichillagric.ac.in/edu/coa/horticulture/lecture/Hort... · Origin &...
Transcript of Psidium guajava - Hill Agrichillagric.ac.in/edu/coa/horticulture/lecture/Hort... · Origin &...
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Guava
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Psidium guajava L. Family: Myrtaceae
Apple of tropics
4th in position
High adaptability
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Composition & Uses
Lot of vitamins & minerals
Vitamin-C & pectin - (Vitamin-260 mg/100g)
Jam, Jelly, Cheese, Juice, Canned segments,
nectar, RTS
Jelly – most important
Leaves – Diarrhea, dyeing & tanning
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Origin & Distribution
Tropical America
Countries :- South Asia, Hawaiian Islands, Cuba &
India.
States :- Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh (Allahabad)
In India , guava is grown in an area of 0.13 m ha with
a production of 1.50 m tonnes.
In H.P., area under guava is 2003 ha and production
is 415 MT.
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BOTANY
• Mountain guava: P. montanum
• Chinese guava: P. friedrichsthalianum
• Strawberry guava: P. cattleianum
Large shrub or a small spreading tree up
to 10 m, fairly thin trunk and scaly multi coloured
bark.
Leaves: opposite, light green, simple, oval shape.
Flowers: white, epigynous and develop on current
growth in cymes or solitary in leaf axils.
Fruits: round to pyriform.
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Varieties
Most important in Uttar Pradesh
Vigorous
Erect growing (5.8 – 6.2 m)
Long shoots , fruits medium, round, smooth
Skin yellowish white
White flesh
Good keeping quality
1. Allahabad Safeda
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Selection from Allahabad safeda
Semi dwarf (2.3 – 3.4 m)
Spreading & profuse bearing
Fruits roundish ovate, yellow colour, soft
flesh, white, good keeping quality
2. Lucknow - 49
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Tall tree with spreading branches,
Fruits smaller,
Round to ovate
Yellow skinned with red dots on skin
Soft flesh
White with good keeping quality
3. Chittidar
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Vigorous with spreading branches
Crown ‘vase’ form & open,
Fruits roundish ovate
Yellow in colour
Pink flesh
Medium keeping quality
4. Red Flesh
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A tall tree with upright branches
Not commercial because of shy bearing
Fruits globose and yellow
Flesh thick and creamy white
Keeping quality poor
5. Seedless
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Hybrids
FRS, Sangareddy
Safed jam – A. Safeda x Kohir
Kohir Safeda – Kohir x A. Safeda
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Arka Amulya
IIHR, Bangalore
Seedless x A. Safeda
Hybrid 16 – Apple color x A. Safeda
Bright red skin
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Lalit
Other varieties
Pant Prabhat
Arka Mridula
Dhareedar
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Tropical and subtropical
Area with distinct weather – better quality
Arid zones good taste
Elevation upto 1200 m amsl
Annual rainfall < 1000 mm between June & September
Temperature > 46°C – ‘No’
Optimum 23-28°C
High temp @ fruit development fruit drop
Fairly tolerant to drought but highly susceptible to frost.
Climate
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Wide range ( Alluvial to Lateritic)
Even salt affected soils (EC 8 m.mhos (cm)
Saline water also
Sensitive to water logging
pH 4.5 – 7.5
Maximum concentration of roots @ 0.20 m
depth.
Best soils: Deep, friable and well-drained.
Soil
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Viability lost very quick
90% germination on soaking in water 4 days &
GA3 1000 ppm 24 hours
Soaking in conc. H2SO4 – 2 to 3 minutes – very
effective
Propagation
Seed
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Patch (or) Forkert – July – August
Rootstock - P. cattelianum
Stooling
3 to 5 years old – cut back allowed to shoot
IBA 5000 ppm – on ring of shoot - July
Budding
76 to 96% success
Veneer
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Air layering – July ( most commercial)
Wedge Grafting
Inarching – laborions – Rootstock P. cattelianum
Cutting – Under mist with IBA
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Planting – onset of monsoon (July- August)
Deep ploughing
Leveling
Pits – 1meter cube
40-50 kg FYM + surface soil
Planting
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Spacing – 6 x 6 m or 5 x 5 m
7.5 m x 7.5 m – fertile soil
4.9 m x 4.5 m shallow soil
HDP – 3 – 3.5 x 3 – 3.5 m (800 – 900 pl/ha)
Salinity – 5-10 kg gypsum (CaSO4) per pit in rains
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Peas,
Beans,
Cowpea,
Grams]
Papaya and
pineapple
Intercropping
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Flowering in guava
Flowering Fruiting Bahar Quality
April-May Rainy season Mrig Poor quality
Rainy season
(Aug-Sep)
Winter Hasth Moderate
Autumn (Oct-
Nov)
Spring
Mar-April
Ambe Very good
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1. Hand thinning
2. Withdraw irrigation from Jan – May
3. Root exposure in Mar – April
4. NAA spray @ 80-100 ppm in April.
5. Defoliation by Urea @10% or Ethephon @ 1200ppm
6. Pruning of 25-50% shoots in End April-May.
Crop regulation
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Open centre
No criss – crossing
Primary branches @ 75 cm above
Off-shoots, dried & diseased-removed
Bearing on current season’s growth
Therefore, light annual pruning
Training and pruning
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Low requirements
Early stages, 8-10 irrigations a year.
Full grown bearing, 15 days interval in April – June –
good yield
South India – Irrigation – fruits through out the year.
Irrigation
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MANURES & FERTILIZERS
AGE (Yr.) FYM (kg) N (g) P2O5 (g) K2O (g)
1 5 50 40 90
2 10 100 80 180
3 15 150 120 270
10 50 500 400 900
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MANURES & FERTILIZERS
AGE (Yr.) CAN (g) SP (g) MOP (g)
1 200 250 150
2 400 500 300
3 600 750 450
10 2000 2500 1500
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Time of Fertilizer Application
• Apply FYM in December.
• Apply fertilizers in two doses during May-
June and September-October
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Zn + B - Important
Zn – Intervenal chlorosis
Reduction in leaf size and fruits - Rosette
Common in water logged areas :
Control – 1 Kg. ZnSO4 + 1 Kg unslaked lime / 100 lit
water – 2 sprays
Micro-nutrition
Zinc
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2nd (or) 3rd year
Greenish yellow & softness
4-5 months for maturity
1000 fruits – 10 year tree
12-15 t/year/ha
Harvesting
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Highly perishable
Therefore, immediate marketing
Storability – 2 days @ room temperature
Lucknow-49 – 1 month @ 10°C
MH 1000 ppm + 6% waxol – higher shelf-life
Storage: 8-100 C temperature; 80-90% RH and can be stored
for 4 weeks
Post Harvest Management
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