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PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011
1
BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN
SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
PERFECTSCORE
BIOLOGY 2011Teachers Module
PAPER 3QUESTION 1
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Question 1 :
No. Questions Marks Studentnotes
1 A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration ofglucose on the activity of yeast . Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students.
The initial height of the coloured liquid in the manometer is shown in Diagram 1.2.
The experiment was repeated using different concentrations of glucose. Table 1.1 shows the
results of the experiment after 10 minutes.
Diagram 1.1
DIAGRAM 1.2
rubber tubing
Manometer with
coloured liquid
Initial height of
coloured liquid
Boiling tube containing yeast
suspension
Glass tube
clip
Rubber stopper
Initial height of
coloured liquid :
1 cm
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Percentage concentration ofglucose / %
Final height of coloured liquid in themanometer after 10 minutes /cm
10
15
20
3
5
8
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No. Questions Marks Studentnotes
(a)Complete Table 1.2 by recording the height of colouredliquid in the manometer after 10 minutes
(b) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations .1. At 10% concentrat ion of glucose ,the final
height of c oloured l iquid after 10 min is 3 cm
2. At 20% concentrat ion of glucose , the final
height of coloured l iquid after 10 min is 8 cm
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observation in1(b(i).
1. Low activ i ty of yeast in lower concentrat ion ofglucos e, less carbon dio xide is released
2. High activ i ty of yeast in high concentrat ion of
glucos e, mo re carbon dioxid e is released
(c) Complete Table 1.2 for the three variables based on theexperiment.
Variable Method to handle the variable
Manipulated variable:
The concentrat ion of
g lucose
Use different con centrat ion ofnutr ients/glucose
Responding variable:
Height of coloured l iquid //
The rate of yeast activity
Record the height of colou red
l iquid by using a metre rule //
Calculate rate of yeast
respirat ion using formula:
= height of coloured l iquid
t ime
Controlled variable :
Volume of y eastsuspens ion /mass of
yeast/volum e of
glucose/pH/l ight
intensity/temperature/t ime
taken
Fix the volum e of 100cm3ofyeast suspension /the mass of
4 g of y east /pH5 /light
intensity at distance of 50cm
/t em per at ure at room
temperature/t ime taken fo r 10
minutes
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(d) State the hypothesis for the experiment.The higher/ lower the concentrat ion of gluc ose, the
higher / lower th e rate of yeast activ i ty
(e) (i) Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the resultsof the experiment which includes the following aspects:
Percentage concentration of glucose
Height of coloured liquid
The rate of the activity of yeast
Percentage
concentrat ion
of gluco se (%)
Height of
co loured l iqu id
(cm)
The rate of the
activ i ty of y east
(cm/min)
10 3 0.3
15 5 0.5
20 8 0.8
Table 1.1
(e) (ii) Draw a graph of the rate of the activity of yeast against the
concentration of glucose
(iii)
Based on the graph in 1(e)(ii), state the relationship betweenthe rate of the activity of yeast and the concentration ofglucose. Explain your answer.
When the co ncentrat ion of glucos e increases/decreases,
the rate of yeast activity in creases/decreases, more
subs trate for yeast to use for energy productio n, more
yeast reprodu ced.
(f) Based on the experiment, define anaerobic respiration inyeast operationally.
An anaerobic respirat ion is wh en yeast using g lucose to
prod uce gas that causes the ris ing of l iquid in
manom eter tube and the pro cess is affected by
concentrat ion of g lucose
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3
3
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(g) The experiment is repeated by using 1 ml of 0.1 mol dm-3 ofsodium hydroxide solution is added into the boiling tube.Predict the manometer reading after 10 minutes. Explainyour prediction.
1 cm, not incr ease, sodium hydro xide is alkali , themedium is not suitable for yeast.
(h)The following list is part of the apparatus and material usedin this experiment.
Complete Table 1.3 by matching each variable with the
apparatus and material used in the experiment.Variables Apparatus Material
Manipulated Measuringcyl inder
Glucose
Responding Coloured l iquid Metre ruler
Controlled electron ic balance Yeast
Yeast, metre rule, coloured liquid, electronicbalance, glucose solution, measuring cylinder
3
3
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Question 2 :
No. Questions Marks Student notes
2 Lemnaminoris a species of free-floating aquatic plants from the duckweed familyLemnaceae. The plants grow mainly by vegetative reproduction: two daughter plantsbud off from the adult plant.
An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of abiotic factor such as pH onLemna sp. growth. Experiment is done under controlled conditions: 12 hours a daylight exposure and using the same Knops solution.Petri dish is filled with 20 ml Knops solution with different pH value and 5 Lemna sp.each.The Knops solution is treated by adding acid or alkali to achieve the pH value needed.
** Knops solution is a solution which contains essential nutrient for plants growth.
Figure 1
After 7 days, the observation is made and the result shown in Table 1.1.
pHvalue
Petri dish Number ofLemnasp.
3
4
Lemna minor
Petri dish
Knops solution
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5
5
78
9
11
11
5
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131
Table 1.1
No. Questions Marks Student notes
(a) State thenumber of Lemna sp. in the spacesprovided in Table 1.1
(b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two different observations .
Able to state any two observations correctly according to 2criteria:
pH ( Manipulated Variable)
Number of Lemna sp (Responding Variable)
Sample answers:1. At pH 2 (Knop solut ion), the numb er of Lemna sp is 4
2. At pH 8 (Knop solut ion ), the num ber of Lemna sp is 11
3. At pH 12 ( Knop s olut ion), the number of L emna sp is
1
4. At pH 12 (Knop so lut ion), the number of L emna sp
grow is less th an at pH 2/4/6/8/10
5. At pH 8 (Knop solut ion), the numb er of Lemna sp is
mor e than at pH2/4/6/10/12
*1,2 &3 is a horizontal observation
*4 & 5 is a vertical observation
(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observationsin 1(b)(i).
Able to make one logical inferencefor each observationbased on the criteria
suitable abiotic factor
Favourable for Lemna sp growthSample answers:
3
3
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1. Strong acidic con dit ion is no t favorable for Lemna
growth.
2. Weak/sl ight alkal ine // neutral condit io n is mo st
favorable for Lemn a growth.
3. Strong alkaline is not favorable for Lemn a growth .
4. Strong alkaline condit io n is th e least favorable forLemna growth com pare with other condi t ions.
5. Neutral/Sl ight alkal ine condit io n is the best/moss
favorable condit io n for Lemn a grow th.
*1,2 &3 is a horizontal inference*4 & 5 is a vertical inference
(c) Complete Table 1.4 to show the variables involved inthe experiment and how the variables are operated.
Variables How the variables are operated
Manipulated:
pH Add/Use acid or alkal i to theKnop solu t ion to get d i f ferent
pH condit ion// Use pH
solu tion : pH2, pH4, pH6, pH8,
pH10,pH12 // chang e/alter t he
medium condi t ion
Responding:
Numb er of Lemna sp
Count and record the numb er
of Lemn a sp. plants after 7days.
Fixed:
Light exposure /
Volume of Knop
solu t ion
Fix 12 hours light exposureevery day /
Maintain the volume at 20ml
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between themanipulated variable and responding variable and the
hypothesis can be validated, based on 3 criteria: manipulated variable
responding variable
relationshipSample answer :
1. In low pH, num ber of Lemna sp is less than in a
higher pH.
2. The higher pH the higher number of Lemna sp.
3. In a neutral cond it ion the num ber of Lemna sp.
3
3
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plants is the highest /the mo st.
4. The mo re alkal i the medium is the less num ber of
Lemna sp.
(e) (i) Construct a table and record the results of theexperiment.
Your table should contain the following title.
pH of water
Number ofLemna sp.
Able to draw and fill a table with all columns and rowslabeled with complete unitSample answers
pH of water Number ofLemnasp
2 44 5
6 8
8 1110 5
12 1
(e) (ii) Plot a graph showing the number ofLemna sp against the pHin the graph below
Able to plot a graph with 3 criteria:
A(axis): correct title with unit and uniform scale
P (point) : transferred correctly
S (Shape): able to joint all points, smooth graph, bell
shape.
(iii) Referring to the graph in (e) (ii), describe the relationshipbetween the Lemna sp growth and the condition of themedium.
Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship betweenthe condition of medium and Lemna growth based on thecriteria:
P1- Alkali, acidic or neutral (abiotic factor)
P2- Lemna sp. growthSample answer:(Associates each of the condition with the Lemna growth)
1. In the acidic medium the Lemnasp. growth isless, and increase when the medium becomeneutral but decrease when in alkali condition.
2 Lemnasp. grow very well in neutral medium andless growth rate in alkali or acidic medium
(f) Based on the experiment, define operationally the abioticfactor in an ecosystem.
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Able to explain the abiotic factor operationally base on 3criteria:
Lemna sp (organism)
affected (growth)
pH of medium (abiotic factor in ecosystem)
Sample answer:1. Abio t ic factor is pH of the medium that affect the
Lemna sp grow th in an ecosystem.
(g) The effluent from laundry shop flows into a pond nearby,predict the population ofLemna sp in the pond. Explain youranswer.
Able to predict the result accurately base on 2 criteria.
Expected population of Lemna sp
The reason of the answer Not suitable for growth
Sample answer:P1- No Lemna sp fou nd/ very small populat ion of L emna
sp ,
P2- Because water is co ntaminated with soap/detergent
contain alkal i,
P3- Which is n ot suitable/favourable for Lemna to g row
(h) Classify the biotic and abiotic factors from the listprovided below.
Able to classify all 4 pairs of the abiotic and biotic factors inecosystemSample answer
Abio t ic factors Biot ic factors
Humidity Decomposer
Light intensity Parasite
Soil texture Symbiotic organism
Topography invertebrates
3
3
3
Humidity, light intensity, decomposer,
parasites, symbiotic organism, soil
texture, invertebrates, topography
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Question 3:
No. Questions Marks Studentnotes
1. A group of students conducted an experiment to study the effect of light intensity on the
population distribution of Lichen on the tree trunk. He placed a 10 cm x 10 cm transparentquadrat on the East-facing surface of the tree trunk. He counted the number of squares thatcontained half or more than half of the areas covered by the Lichen. Square with less thanhalf of the covered areas were not included.The procedures were repeated for the surfaces that face the direction of North (N), south (S)and west (W).
Figure 1 shows how a quadrat is placed on the tree trunk. Each small square represent 1cm2.
Figure 1
Table 1 shows the areas covered by the Lichen on the different surface of the tree trunk.Direction/position of
surface
Total surface area covered by
Lichen
East
60 cm2
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South
35 cm2
North
45 cm2
West
52 cm2
Table 1
10 cm
10 cm
10 cm
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a)Count the total surface area of Lichen for each quadrat and recordthe answer in the spaces provided in Table 1.
b) (i) State two different observation based on the diagram in Table 1.
Observation 1:
At the surface facing east (MV), the total surface area of Lichenis 60 cm2 (RV).
Observation 2:
At the surface facing south (MV), the total surface area of Lichenis 35 cm2 (RV).
(ii) State the inferences from the observation in 1 (b) (i).
Inference from observation 1:
At the east aspect is most suitable for the growth of Lichenbecause it receives more light intensity, so higher rate ofphotosynthesis.
Inference from observation 2:
At the south aspect is least suitable for the growth of Lichenbecause it receives less light intensity, so lower rate ofphotosynthesis.
(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.
Variable Method to handle the variable
Manipulatedvariable
Directionfacing on thetree trunk //
Use different direction on the tree trunk sucheast, north, south and west.
Responding
variable
Total surfacearea coverageby Lichen
Count and record the total surface areacoverage by lichen by using the quadrat.
Constantvariable
3
3
3
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Quadrat size
Type oforganism
Sampling time
Fix the size of quadrat at 10 cm X 10 cm.
Fix the organism use in the experiment thatis Lichen
Sampling experiment is carried out at sametime
Table 2
d) State the hypothesis for this experiment:
1. The total surface area of Lichen on the tree trunk (RV) ishigher (R) when the light intensity is high (MV).
2. When the Lichen is facing east (MV), the total surface areacovered by Lichen/population of Lichen (RV) is increase (R).
3. The higher the light intensity (MV), the higher (R) the totalsurface area covered by Lichen / the higher the population ofLichen (RV).
e) (i) Construct a table and record all data collected in this experiment.Your table should have the following aspect:
Title with correct unit
Position of direction
Total surface area covered by Lichen
Position of direction Total surface area covered byLichen (cm2)
East 60South 35
West 52
North 45
(ii) Use the graph paper provided to answer this question.Using the data in 1 (e) (i), draw a bar chart graph to show therelationship between the population of Lichen against the directionsfacing on the tree.
The population of Lichen is represented by the total surface areacovered in the quadrat.
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(f) Based on the graph in 1 (e)(ii), explain the relationship between thepopulation distribution of Lichen and the light intensity.
P1 Population of Lichen / Total surface area covered by Lichen
P2 Position direction of quadrat
P3 Degree of light intensity
Sample answer:
1. Population of Lichen / The total surface area covered byLichen is higher at east direction which receives highlight intensity.
2. Population of Lichen / The total surface area covered byLichen is low at south direction which receives low lightintensity.
3. Population of Lichen / The total surface area covered byLichen is higher at east direction than at the southdirection because Lichen at east direction receives highlight intensity so rate of photosynthesis is higher.
(g) State the operational definition for population distribution of Lichen.
P1 Total surface area covered by LichenP2 Size of quadratP3 Abiotic factor that influence the population distribution
Sample answer:
3
3
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1. Population distribution is defined as total surface areacovered by Lichen (P1) within the quadrat size of 10 cm x 10cm at different direction of compass (P2) which influence bythe light intensity (P3).
(h) Lightning strike the tree and cause the tree to fall. The Lichen understudy is then exposed to direct sunlight from 7.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.daily.Predict what will happen to the total surface area covered by Lichenafter a month.
Explain your prediction.
P1: Prediction of total surface area of LichenP2: Effect of light intensityP3: Effect on the Lichen
Sample answer:Size of total surface area covered by lichen is increase / morethan 60 cm2 because Lichen receive more sunlight / lightintensity, so more photosynthesis by Lichen and more growth toLichen.
(i) The following is a list of biotic and abiotic factors.
Classify these factors in the Table 3.
Abiotic factors Biotic factorspH of water
HumidityTemperature
Pigeon orchidBird
Elodeasp
pH of water, pigeon orchid, humidity, bird,temperature, Elodea sp.
3
3
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Question 4 :
No. Questions Marks Student notes
4 An experiment was carried out to investigate the water pollution level or BOD in three different
locations from a suspected polluted Rivers. Three water samples are collected from thesethree locations and labelled as P, Q and R as in Diagram 1.200 ml of each sample is put in a reagent bottle and added with 1 ml of 0.1% methylene bluesolution. All the bottles are kept in dark cupboard.Observations are made every minute to see the changes in the methylene blue colour.
Diagram 1
Table 1 shows the results of this experiment.
Water sample P Q R
Time taken for
methylene
blue solution
become
colourless
Table 1
Sample P
Each sample is addedwith methylene blue
solution
Sample Q Sample R
10 minutes 23 minutes 42 minutes
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No. Questions Marks Student notes
(a) Record the time taken for methylene blue solution become
colourless in the boxes provided in Table 1.
(b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two different observations .
Able to state any twoobservations correctly according to thecriteria:
o Sampleo Time takeno Become colourless
Sample answers:1. Time taken for methylene blue to becom e colour less
for samp le P is 10 minutes.
2. Time taken for methylene blue to become colou rlessfor sample R is 42 minu tes
3. Time taken for methylene blue to become colour less
for sample Q is 23 minu tes
4. Time taken for samp le P is 10 min utes that is shorter
than time taken for samp le R that is 42 minutes to
become colour less
(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in1(b)(i).
Able to make one logical inference for each observationbased on the criteria
o Sampleo Oxygen concentrationo Duration of time for methylene blue to become
colourless
Sample answers:1. In samp le P, oxygen concentrat ion is low, the
methylene blue become colourless very fast/ less
time taken
2. Oxygen concentrat ion in sample R is high, the
methylene blue become colour less slow/ longer
time taken3. Oxygen concentrat ion in sample P is lower than
oxygen con centrat ion in sample R, the time taken for
methylene blue to become colourless is shorter.
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(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.
Variables How the variables areoperated
Manipulated:
Water sample Water sample is co l lectedfrom three different
locations.
Responding variable
Time taken to
decolouris e methylene
blue
Time taken for methyleneblue to becomecolourless is recorded byusing a stopwatch.
Fixed variable
Metlhylene blueconcentration / volume/volume of watersample
0.1% of Methylene blue isused for all experiments/1 ml volume/ 200 ml ofwater sample.
Table 2
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between themanipulated variable and responding variable and the
hypothesis can be validated, base on 3 criteria: manipulated variable
responding variable
relationship
Sample answer :1. The mo st p ol luted water h as sho rtest t ime for
methylene blue to become colourless.
2. Sample water P is the most pol lu ted has shortest t ime
for methylene blue to become colourless.
3. Sample water R is less po l luted com pare to water
samples P and Q, has longest t ime for m ethylene blue
to become colourless,
(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this
experiment based on the following criteria:
Water sample
Time taken
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Able to tabulate a table and fill in data accurately base onthree criteria:
o Table draw with labeled column.o Sampleo Time taken with unit.
Sample answers :
Water Sample Time taken ( minutes)
P 10
Q 23
R 42
(f) Based on the data in 1(e) draw a bar chart of time taken formethylene blue solution become colourless against watersamples.
Able to draw a bar chart base on cri teria:
o Correct charto Axis with co rrect scaleo Correct value
(g)What is the relationship between time taken, oxygenconcentration and BOD value of water in this experiment?
Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between:
o time takeno oxygen contento BOD value
Sample answer:1. The shorter t ime taken for methylene blue to
become co lourless, less oxy gen in the water and
BOD value is high.
(h) Based on the result of this experiment, state the operational
definition for BOD
Able to explain BOD base on experiment correctly accordingto the criteria:
o Amount of oxygen in the water sampleo used by microorganismso shown by time taken
Sample answer:
3
3
3
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2. BOD is amoun t of oxygen in the water sample that
used by microorganisms and can be shown by
time taken of methylene blue to become
colour less.
(i) This experiment is repeated by using water sample fromchicken farm areas. Predict the time taken for methelyne blueto become colourless.
Able to predict the result accurately.o Expected timeo Compare to whicho Reason
Sample answer:
The time taken for methylene blue to become colourless
is 5 min utes, less th an water sample P, because chick en
farm water can be contamin ated with chicken faeces/ orany other answer.
(j) Arrange the water samples from the most polluted to the least
polluted.
Able to arrange the 3 level of polluted waterSample answer:
Types of water Polluted
P Most
Q Moderate
R Least
Most polluted least polluted
P Q R
3
3
3
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Question 5 :
No. Questions Marks Student notes
5 Transpiration is the evaporation of water from a plant to the surroundings. The rate of transpiratio
is affected by environmental factors such as temperature.
A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of temperature on the rate o
transpiration. Diagram 1 shows the set up of the apparatus. An air bubble was trapped in th
capillary tube. The apparatus was placed in an air-conditioned room at 20oC.
The time taken for the air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm was recorded. The experiment wa
repeated for a second time to get average readings.
The experiment is repeated by placing the apparatus at three more different temperatures: an ai
conditioned room at 25oC , an air-conditioned room at 30oC and in a non air-conditioned room a
35
o
C.
Table 1 shows the reading of stopwatch for air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm at differentemperature
Diagram 1
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TemperatureoC
Time taken for air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm (min)
First reading Second reading AverageReading
20
25
3228
41
30.0
39 40.0
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TemperatureSuhu oC
Time taken for air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm (min)
First reading Second reading AverageReading
30
35
No. Questions Marks Student notes
(a) Record the time taken for the air bubbles to move a distance
of 10 cm and average reading in Table 1.
(b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two different observations .
1. When temperature is 20oC, the average time taken for
air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm is 40 minutes
2. When temperature is 35oC , the average time taken for
air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm is 10 minutes.
20 2020.0
11 9 10.0
3
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3. When temperature is 20oC ,the average time taken
for air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm is
longer than the average time taken when
temperature is 35oC
(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations
in 1(b)(i).
1. (When temperature is low) , the amount of water lost
from the leaf is low(P1). So the rate of transpiration is
low (P2)
2. (When temperature is high) , the amount of water lost
from the leaf is high(p1). So the rate of transpiration is
high (P2)
3. When the temperature is higher/lower, the amount ofwater lost from the leaf is higher/lower. So the rate of
transpiration is higher/lower when the temperature is
higher/lower
(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.
Variable Method to handle the variable
Manipulated Variable
Temperature Place the
apparatus/potometer at
different temperature / 20
o
C,25 oC, 30 oC and 35 oC
Responding Variable
1.Rate of transpiration
2. Time taken for air
bubble to move a
distance of 10 cm
1.Calculate and record the
rate of transpiration by using
formula : Distance / time
2. Record the time taken for
air bubble to move a distance
of 10 cm by using stopwatch
Constant Variable
1.Type of plant
2.Distance travelled by
air bubble
1.Use the same plant
2.Fix the distance travelled by
air bubble at 10cm
3
3
3
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(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Able to make a hypothesis based on the following aspects
P1 : MV- Temperature
P2 : RV rate of transpirationH : Relationship (Higher. Higher)
Sample Answer:
1. The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of
transpiration//vice versa
(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this
experiment.
Your table should have the following aspects:
- Temperature
- Average time taken for air bubbles to move a
distance of 10 cm .- Rate of transpiration
Rate of transpiration = Distance
Time
Able to construct a table based on the following aspects
1. Title with correct unit - 1 mark
2. Data - 1 mark
3. Rate of transpiration - 1 mark
Sample Answer
TemperatureSuhu oC
Average time taken for air by
air bubble to move a
distance of 10 cm (min)
Rate of
transpiration
cm/min
20 40.0 0.25
25 30.0 0.33
30 20.0 0.5
35 10.0 1.0
(e) (ii) Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw the graph of the rate of
transpiration against the temperature
Able to draw the graph correctly
Axes : Uniform scales on both horizontal and vertical axis
with correct unit 1 mark
Points : All points plotted correctly - 1 mark
Curve : smooth without touching the axes - 1 mark3
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(f) Based on the graph in 1(e)(ii), explain the relationship
between the rate of transpiration and temperature.
Able to explain the relationship between the rate of
transpiration and temperature based on the following
aspects.
P1 State the relationship
P2 kinetic energy of water
P3 evaporation
Sample Answer
When t he temperature increases, the rate of
transpirat ion in creases. When the temp erature
increases, kinetic energy o f w ater m olecules (in the leaf)
inc reases, causes th e rate of evapor ation inc rease.
(g) Based on the result of this experiment, state the operational
definition for process of transpiration.
Able to define operationally the process of transpiration
based on the following aspects:
P1 water loss from plant at different places
P2 Air bubble in capillary tube move at 10 cm
P3 The rate of transpiration is influenced by temperature
Sample Answer
Transpirat ion is a process where water is lost from theplant wh en it is placed at dif ferent temperature which
causes the air bubble in capi l lary tube mov e a distance
of 10 cm. The rate of transpirat ion is inf luenced by the
temperature.
(h) If the surface of the leaves of a plant at temperature of 35 oC
are covered with vaselin, predict the time taken for air
bubble to move a distance of 10 cm. Explain your prediction.
Able to predict the outcome of the experiment based on the
following aspectsP1 : Correct prediction
P2 : Effect
P3 : Reason
Sample Answer
Time taken for air to move a distance of 10 cm is m ore
than 10 m inutes. Rate of transpirat ion decreases
because vasel in covered the stom ata/stomata closed
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(i)The following list is a factor that affecting transpiration.
Classify the factors into two group in Table 3.
Environmental factor Morphology factors
1. Relative humidity
2. Air movement
3. Light intensity
1. Cuticle
2. Stomata
Table 3
Relative humidity Kelembapan relatif
cuticle kutikelair movement pergerakan angin
stomata stomata
light intensity keamatan cahaya
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