PRS Slides for PowerPoint Chap 13 Theories of Personality Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009.
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Transcript of PRS Slides for PowerPoint Chap 13 Theories of Personality Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009.
PRS Slides for PowerPoint
Chap 13
Theories of Personality
Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009
Definitional and Application Slides
2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
3
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
1. Conscious
2. Preconscious
3. Unconscious
4. Conscience
5. Subconscious
LO 13.2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
4
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
1. Conscious (p. 519-520)
2. Preconscious
3. Unconscious
4. Conscience
5. Subconscious
LO 13.2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
5
A person who experiences great hunger decides to just
push people out of the way on the line to a grocery store.
Which personality structure dominated the behavior of
this person?
1. Ego ideal
2. Superego
3. Id
4. Conscience
5. Libido
LO 13.2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
6
A person who experiences great hunger decides to just
push people out of the way on the line to a grocery store.
Which personality structure dominated the behavior of
this person?
1. Ego ideal
2. Superego
3. Id (p. 520)
4. Conscience
5. Libido
LO 13.2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
7
According to Freud, during what stage of personality
development do most children identify with the same sex
parent as a means of helping to develop appropriate
understanding of gender roles?
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
LO 13.2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
8
According to Freud, during what stage of personality
development do most children identify with the same sex
parent as a means of helping to develop appropriate
understanding of gender roles?
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic (p. 523-524)
4. Latency
5. Genital
LO 13.2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
9
The Neo-Freudians (e.g., Jung, Horney) disagreed with all
of the following ideas of Freud’s psychoanalysis EXCEPT:
1. Great emphasis on sexuality in personality development
2. The unconscious as part of the mind that stores simple anxieties and sexual and aggressive urges
3. The idea that women are inferior to men, developing feelings such as penis envy
4. Little emphasis on the influence of social relationships on personality development
5. The use of defense mechanisms to mask anxiety
LO 13.3
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
10
The Neo-Freudians (e.g., Jung, Horney) disagreed with all
of the following ideas of Freud’s psychoanalysis EXCEPT:
1. Great emphasis on sexuality in personality development
2. The unconscious as part of the mind that stores simple anxieties and sexual and aggressive urges
3. The idea that women are inferior to men, developing feelings such as penis envy
4. Little emphasis on the influence of social relationships on personality development
5. The use of defense mechanisms to mask anxiety (p. 525-527)
LO 13.3
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
11
According to the strictest behaviorist view, personality
development is influenced primarily by ______________.
1. self-efficacy
2. reciprocal determinism
3. habits
4. self-concept
5. cognitive processes
LO 13.5
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
12
According to the strictest behaviorist view, personality
development is influenced primarily by ______________.
1. self-efficacy
2. reciprocal determinism
3. habits (p. 529)
4. self-concept
5. cognitive processes
LO 13.5
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
13
Jessica has experienced many successes in playing
basketball and is encouraged by others of her competence;
however, she has a low assessment of her basketball
abilities. She is most likely to:
1. Have very high self-efficacy
2. Have very low self-efficacy
3. Have moderate self-efficacy
4. Never expect to succeed in basketball in the future
5. Avoid playing basketball again in the future
LO 13.5
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
14
Jessica has experienced many successes in playing
basketball and is encouraged by others of her competence;
however, she has a low assessment of her basketball
abilities. She is most likely to:
1. Have very high self-efficacy
2. Have very low self-efficacy
3. Have moderate self-efficacy (p. 530)
4. Never expect to succeed in basketball in the future
5. Avoid playing basketball again in the future
LO 13.5
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
15
Billy’s parents show him love and affection when he
brings home a report card with straight As. When he does
not receive straight As in school, his parents become
distant and cold. It is likely that Billy is experiencing
_______________________.
1. conditional positive regard
2. unconditional positive regard
3. self-actualization
4. mismatch between real self and ideal self
5. full functioning
LO 13.6
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
16
Billy’s parents show him love and affection when he
brings home a report card with straight As. When he does
not receive straight As in school, his parents become
distant and cold. It is likely that Billy is experiencing
_______________________.
1. conditional positive regard (p. 532)
2. unconditional positive regard
3. self-actualization
4. mismatch between real self and ideal self
5. full functioning
LO 13.6
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
17
Which of the following statements about trait theories is
FALSE?
1. They can be used to describe behavior.
2. They can be used to predict behavior.
3. They can be used to explain behavior.
4. Traits involve consistent, enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
5. They are not very concerned with changing an individual’s personality.
LO 13.7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
18
Which of the following statements about trait theories is
FALSE?
1. They can be used to describe behavior.
2. They can be used to predict behavior.
3. They can be used to explain behavior. (p. 534)
4. Traits involve consistent, enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
5. They are not very concerned with changing an individual’s personality.
LO 13.7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
19
Organized, reliable, neat, and ambitious are all _________
traits of the more basic trait of consciousness.
1. source
2. surface
3. temperament
4. cardinal
5. character
LO 13.7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
20
Organized, reliable, neat, and ambitious are all _________
traits of the more basic trait of consciousness.
1. source
2. surface (p. 535-536)
3. temperament
4. cardinal
5. character
LO 13.7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
21
Which of the following Big Five personality traits is
associated with traits such as good natured, trusting, and
helpful?
1. Openness
2. Agreeableness
3. Neuroticism
4. Consciousness
5. Extraversion
LO 13.7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
22
Which of the following Big Five personality traits is
associated with traits such as good natured, trusting, and
helpful?
1. Openness
2. Agreeableness (p. 536)
3. Neuroticism
4. Consciousness
5. Extraversion
LO 13.7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
23
Twin studies examining the influence of biology on
personality suggest that personality traits have a heritability
of ____________.
1. 25-50%
2. 5-10%
3. 75-90%
4. 95-99%
5. 0-4%
LO 13.8
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
24
Twin studies examining the influence of biology on
personality suggest that personality traits have a heritability
of ____________.
1. 25-50% (p. 538-539)
2. 5-10%
3. 75-90%
4. 95-99%
5. 0-4%
LO 13.8
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
25
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede’s
dimensions of cultural personality?
1. Individualism/collectivism
2. Power distance
3. Masculinity/femininity
4. Uncertainty avoidance
5. Universal rituals
LO 13.8
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
26
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede’s
dimensions of cultural personality?
1. Individualism/collectivism
2. Power distance
3. Masculinity/femininity
4. Uncertainty avoidance
5. Universal rituals (p. 539-540)
LO 13.8
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
27
In a job interview, Jack accidentally stumbles over a chair
as he approaches his potential employer to shake his hand.
From that point on, the employer perceives everything that
Jack says as evidence to suggest that he is clumsy and
careless. This is an example of what?
1. Halo effect
2. Projection
3. Subjectivity of interview methods
4. Social desirability bias
5. The effect of the interviewer’s belief systems or prejudices
LO 13.9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
28
In a job interview, Jack accidentally stumbles over a chair
as he approaches his potential employer to shake his hand.
From that point on, the employer perceives everything that
Jack says as evidence to suggest that he is clumsy and
careless. This is an example of what?
1. Halo effect (p. 542)
2. Projection
3. Subjectivity of interview methods
4. Social desirability bias
5. The effect of the interviewer’s belief systems or prejudices
LO 13.9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
29
Which of the following methods would most likely be used
by a psychoanalyst to assess personality?
1. Projective tests
2. Interview
3. Direct observation
4. Inventory
5. Case studies
LO 13.9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
30
Which of the following methods would most likely be used
by a psychoanalyst to assess personality?
1. Projective tests (p. 542-543)
2. Interview
3. Direct observation
4. Inventory
5. Case studies
LO 13.9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
31
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
1. Keirsey Temperament Sorter
2. Myers-Briggs Inventory
3. MMPI-2
4. Big Five Personality Inventory
5. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
LO 13.9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
32
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
1. Keirsey Temperament Sorter
2. Myers-Briggs Inventory
3. MMPI-2 (p. 545-546)
4. Big Five Personality Inventory
5. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
LO 13.9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Critical Thinking & Student Opinion Slides
33
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
Similar upbringings lead to similarities in children’s personalities.
• True
• False
34
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Which is correct?
Similar upbringings lead to similarities in children’s personalities.
• True
• False
35
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Which is correct?
Inkblot tests are good indicators of underlying personality traits.
• True
• False
36
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Which is correct?
Inkblot tests are good indicators of underlying personality traits.
• True
• False
37
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Which is correct?
Freud believed that sex was the only important drive in personality.
• True
• False
38
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Which is correct?
Freud believed that sex was the only important drive in personality.
• True
• False
39
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
There is strong evidence for the concept of “national character.”
• True
• False
40
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Which is correct?
There is strong evidence for the concept of “national character.”
• True
• False
41
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
A. eat off the first plate that you see
B. wait to buy your own food
Consider the following. What would you do?
You are very hungry. You go to the student center and
42
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A. Try to figure out a way to cheat
B. Try to make time to study
Consider the following. What would you do?
You have a big exam coming up, and you don’t have enough time to study. You
43
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A. Immediately scream at them
B. Try to talk to them to explain your feelings
Consider the following. What would you do?
You are very angry at your friend. You
44
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A. on all of them
B. Once
C. Twice
D. Three times
On the previous three questions, I answered “A” (id)
45
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