Proxemics study
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Transcript of Proxemics study
🚷! That is Close Enough. How Body Postures
Influence Human-Robot
Proximity
Mohammad Obaid, Eduardo B. Sandoval, Jakub Złotowski, Elena Moltchanova, Christina A. Basedow, Christoph Bartneck
Communication in HHI
🗣 Language
😜😏😚
😒😖🤔 Facial Expressions
👠🎩👔👓💄 Appearance
👫 Gender
/➠0
/ ➠ 1 Proxemics
✋✋ Haptic
👀 Gaze
Non- verbal channels
Argyle and DeanEquilibrium model:
“If one of the components of intimacy is changed, one or more of the others will shift in the reverse direction in order to maintain equilibrium”
Posture
Hartnett et al. study
/➠1
/ ➠ 1 -Male and female subjects -> to approach a tall person and a short person -Two conditions: standing and sitting. -To stop when they felt “uncomfortable”.
Results-The height of the subject, their posture, and gender had a significant impact on the interpersonal distance -Subjects were perceived less threat in the sitting versus standing condition
Proxemics from HHI to HRI
Aim-Posture of the robot, posture of the human, -Participants’ gender, height, -Attitude towards robots, anthropomorphism tendency
👫⇒ ⇐ 👫
H1
personal comfort level based on: 🤖↔6
H1a
H1b
H2
The resulting distance is dependent on gender. 🤖↔1
H3
👥 with a higher tendency to anthropomorphize 🤖👽👹 will prefer a greater interaction
distance with the 🤖 than people with a low general tendency to anthropomorphize 🤖
👽👹 .
Hypotheses
Procedure
Negative Attitude Toward Robots Scale, (NARS) Robot Anxiety Scale (RAS) Individual Differences in Anthropomorphism (IDAQ)
Active
Passive
Height: M=1.75m
22 Participants (8 females)
NZ
Age M=28.6
Sitting Standing
Results -Robot Posture has a significant effect
-Previous experience matters
-High score in emotional sub-scale (NARS)-Women leave less space-Passive: standing human
leave longer distance (10.2cm)
35.1cm 50cm
Results
Consequent interactions made people more comfortable with robots
Age and Height are associate with shorter resulting distances
Results NARS
-Participants who have had previous experience with robots leave shorter distance
-People who scored higher on the emotional sub-scale of the NARS leave shorter distance
Contributions
🤖
-When the human is active and moving, they are in control of facets related to closeness and boundaries
-Distances were significantly impacted by the posture of the robot but not by the posture of the human.
-No support for H3 in terms of anthropomorphism
-Females allow less distance independently of the height
Robots with emotional qualities are allowed to be closer
1 1 1 💖 🤖🤖🤖 closer! Why?
Design Implications
Robots need to be designed to know if their user is sitting or standing, and allow for their social distance to be adopted accordingly