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Provide aesthetic and environmental advantages in urban environments
Science around the country has provided the best management practicesfor achieving both
Lawns and Landscapes
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Transition imageProtecting Water Quality With Science-based Lawn and Landscape Management Practices
Hillsborough County Board Of County Commission Workshop, December 9, 2009
George Hochmuth and Terril NellUniversity of Florida, IFAS
Thank you for the invitation to present the science behindbest management practices that enhance water quality
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The role of science in solving problems
Science answers questions
Science points to potential problems or un-intended consequences that need more research
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Unintended consequencesWe have been presenting what our
Florida science says about potential unintended consequences to water quality of actions not based on science
These publications (Unintended Consequences, FAQs, and FFL) have been made available to you previously
Research in Florida is clearly supported by publications in the national peer-reviewed journals
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The Nitrogen Cycle
Understanding theseprocesses has allowed scientists to develop best management practices and educational programs to protect the water quality
What have scientists determined?
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National StudiesAddressing similar water quality issues to
ours in FloridaStudying the same underlying biological and
physical science principlesAimed at developing solutions in the form of
BMPs Focus on education
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OklahomaTurf inhibits runoff better than any other
surfaceManagement practices can be designed
to take greatest advantage of turf for protecting the environment
Problems occured when BMPs were not followed
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WisconsinFactors of greatest importance to nutrient losses from lawnsDepth of runoffFailure to fertilize-reduced stand
Factors of lesser importanceDe-compacting the soilType of fertilizer
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MichiganLabeled N-15 urea nitrogenLeachate recovery of N was 0.23% of
total applied over 2 years80% N recovered in soil, thatch, and
clippingsSuggested volatile losses of remainder
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Guelph, Ontario, CanadaUptake was related to top and root
growth-more N removal associated with greater root and top growth
Another study-positive linear relationship between plant N uptake and total plant biomass-healthier plants took up more N
Negative linear relationship between plant N uptake and N leached-More N uptake=less N leached
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North CarolinaNitrogen uptake greatest in most
active growing periods< 10% N recovered in the soil after 3 days
in growing period-summer> 80% N recovered in soil in dormant
periodRoot mass-100,000 roots and 1
million root hairs per liter of soil
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New MexicoN leaching less than 1% of appliedN leaching related to photoperiodMore N leached when PP was < 12 hours
Slower growthN loses can be avoided by proper N
fertilization practices
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TexasImpervious : pervious surfacesTurfgrass (fertilized) versus native
prairie grasses (unfertilized)Less runoff with more pervious surface
and with turf compared to native grasses
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PennsylvaniaRunoff from turf on 9 to 13 % sloped
areasExcellent turf health and good quality
loam soil with high infiltration rateNitrate in runoff was not different from
concentration in the rain water
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Georgia40 to 70% of rainfall exited plots as
runoffOnly 16% N was found in the runoff from
actively growing turf, from the fertilization event 24 hours before the rain event.
64% N was found in the runoff from dormant turf
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Executive Order 13508 Draft Strategy for Protecting and Restoring the Chesapeake Bay-MarylandNovember 9, 2009
Science underpins the Chesapeake Bay restorationeffort. Government must also be accountable for itsrestoration responsibilities and commitments, andscientific measures can be an accurate barometer ofprogress and drive action at all levels. While there aresignificant and robust information and data systemsalready in place, some gaps remain. Ensuring theChesapeake Bay watershed population is informedof the scientific basis and results of actions is animportant element in encouraging broad participationin restoring the Bay.
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Scientifically proven benefits of turfgrass, in the national literature
Healthy turf minimizes runoff Healthy turf prevents soil erosion Healthy turf is efficient at absorbing
nutrients-dense root system-more so than other plants
Less than 1% of applied N leaches in well managed turf (confirmed in many states)
Seasonal variation in nutrient uptake-environmental implications
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Funding for Turf and Landscape Water Quality ResearchFederal Grants-USDA, EPA, NSF, and
othersState Agency Grants-FDEP, FDACSWater Management DistrictsLocal Government-Counties,
municipalities, utilitiesIndustry Grants-Turfgrass, sod, fertilizer,
allied industries
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Water quality research in Florida
A FDEP-funded research project with turf cultivars, fertilization programs, and irrigation
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4/4 4/18 5/2 5/16 5/30 6/13 6/27 7/11 7/25 8/8 8/22 9/5 9/19 10/3 10/17 10/31
1 lb N 1.75 lb N
Tot
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itra
te, m
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Total N Leaching inEstablished Floratam St. Augustinegrass 2006
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Warm-season turfgrass growth over the year
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Conclusions, Based on the Science
Turf plays an important role in reducing fertilizer runoff and leaching-leading to improved water quality
Turf must be properly managed including fertilization
Proper fertilization is a key to maximizing the environmental benefit of turf
Potential for environmental harm is greater during periods of reduced growth or when BMPs are not followed
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Our review of the literature clearly shows there is no science, anywhere, supporting the idea of improved water quality with a fertilizer blackout
To the contrary, science shows a blackout may lead to increased runoff and leaching
Proper fertilizer management is a year-round activity and can best be accomplished with science-based BMPs and education
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Transition image
We thank you for the invitationto bring the science to the table