Prototypes and fuel cycle options including … · Prototypes and fuel cycle options including ......
Transcript of Prototypes and fuel cycle options including … · Prototypes and fuel cycle options including ......
A S T R I D
DEN/CAD/DER/CPA
www.cea.fr
BRUSSELS, MARCH 18th, 2015
Jean-Paul Grouiller / ASTRID Project
« Core and Transmutation »
« Fuel Cycle Interfaces »
| PAGE 1
Prototypes and fuel cycle
options including
transmutation
• General introduction, GEN IV fast reactors
• Transmutation demonstration
• Fuel cycle
• Conclusions
| PAGE 2 Brussels | March 18th 2015
Fast Neutron Reactors of GEN IV
SFR Sodium-cooled fast reactor
ASTRID
GFR Gas-cooled fast reactor
ALLEGRO
LFR Lead-cooled fast reactor
ALFRED
Closed fuel cycle Closed fuel cycle Closed fuel cycle
Type of fuel : (U, Pu)O2
| PAGE 3 Brussels | March 18th 2015
Why to choose a Fast Reactors ?
Three main reasons:
• Mastering, through recycling, the growth of Plutonium inventory
• Excellent use of uranium resource Unlike reactors currently in operation or construction worldwide, that use only about 1% of
natural Uranium, Fast neutron Reactors are able to use more than 80% of the Uranium
resource.
The current stockpile of depleted Uranium available could feed the current needs of electricity
production for several centuries.
• Ability to transmute and burn minor actinides
Source : WEC, 2010 Survey of Energy. (Coal: 860 Gt, Oil: 163 Gt, Gas: 185 Tm3, Uranium : 3,5 Mt)
| PAGE 4 Brussels | March 18th 2015
Pu stored in MOX Spent
Fuel recycled in MOX FR
to start the FRs deployment
Scenario can be flexible
Both systems can coexist
during a transition phase
Illustration from LWRs recycling to FRs recycling
FRs merits as regards to fuel cycle
Removal of the stages for the cycle upstream and no enrichment technology
Use depleted U; Use Pu included in UOX or in MOX Spent Fuels
Multi-recycling of Pu
Possible recycling of Minor Actinides
| PAGE 5 Brussels | March 18th 2015
4th Generation Systems – Waste management
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4th Generation Systems – Waste management
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The FRs Prototype objectives
Technological Demonstrator for industrial Fast Reactors
A GEN IV system
Safety :
- Level at least equivalent to GEN III systems
- Integrating FUKUSHIMA accident feedback
Sustainability : “GENIV systems shall make better use of U and Pu resource, and have the
capability, if the decision is taken, to perform transmutation of certain minor actinides”
Realization of demonstrations on:
• Pu and U recycling
• minor actinides transmutation
Operability
A mastered investment cost
Irradiation services and options test
| PAGE 8 Brussels | March 18th 2015
Conception, Validation :
• Based on 20 years of R&D
(Contribution of the EU programs)
R&D Areas :
Partitioning processes
Fabrication processes
Fuels behavior
Irradiations
* Industrial demonstration
in the FRs Prototypes
*Priority to Americium
Homogeneous mode < 2%
Heterogeneous mode < 20 %
Homogeneous
recycling
R T
U
FP
U Pu MA
Homogeneous
recycling
R T
U
FP
U Pu MA
R T
U
FP
U Pu MA
Heterogeneous
recycling
R T
U
MA
U Pu
FP
Heterogeneous
recycling
R T
U
MA
U Pu
FP
Fuels (U, Pu, MA)O2
Fuels (U, Pu)O2
Minor Actinides Transmutation Concepts
All the fuel cycle
is concerned by
Transmutation
Specific cycle
for Transmutation
| PAGE 9 Brussels | March 18th 2015
Contribution of FRs Prototypes for Transmutation
24 MARS 2015
Develop and Qualify the concept Experimental irradiations up to some sub-assemblies
in Prototypes
Minor Actinides : Am, Np, ..
Transmutation mode :
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
In progress or in the near future
Different temperatures
Materials Pin Section of pin Sub assembly Some of pins
Irradiations
systems
Core prototype
| PAGE 10 Brussels | March 18th 2015 24 MARS 2015
Fuel cycle for transmutation demonstration in
the FRs Prototypes
Cellule chaude
Quelques mini
aiguilles/an (CCAm
ou (U,Pu,Am)O2)
Extension à la
séparation de l’Am
Labos chauds pour
examens destructifs
Adaptation pour
fabrication
assemblages
CCAm,
(U,Pu,Am)O2) ou
forte teneur en Pu
Am
Am
ASTRID
ATC AFC Am
U, Pu
U
Pu
Labo
Traitement
combustible à
forte teneur en Pu
A few samples
and pins with MA
A few
Sub-assemblies
fabrication with
MA
Hot cell
Hot Labs for destructive exams
Proto
Reprocessing
Lab for partitioning
Fabrication
Dosage
Mélange
UO2 UPuAmO2
Retraitement
Contrôles
Pastilles
RebutsFrittage
Pastillage
Lubrifiant
Procédé Voie Diluée
Co-conversion
MA
| PAGE 11 Brussels | March 18th 2015
Conclusions
FRs prototypes : (U, Pu)O2 fuels
Potential to demonstrate the closed cycle for Pu and U
Several experimental phases to implement different transmutation scenarios using
homogeneous and heterogeneous concepts.
Experimental programs in support to the demonstration for industrial FRs o New materials
o Type of fuels (carbide, nitride, ..)
o The consumption of Pu
the availability of facilities involved in the Prototypes material cycles
Interfaces with others R&D
• Fabrication
• Transportation
• Reprocessing
• Waste management
Direction de l’énergie nucléaire
Département d’Etudes des Réacteurs
Cellule Projet ASTRID
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
Centre de Cadarache | DER/CPA bt155 - 13108 Saint-Paul lez Durance
Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial | RCS Paris B
775 685 019
| PAGE
12 CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012
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