Protocols for Kuba Kingdom Paper - Harvard University...1 Protocols for Kuba Kingdom Paper This...

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ProtocolsforKubaKingdomPaper

ThisdocumentcontainstheEnglishlanguageversionoftheprotocolsusedforthepaper“TheEvolutionofCultureandInstitutions:EvidencefromtheKubaKingdom”.Foradditionaldetailsontheimplementationoftheexperiments,seethepaperandtheonlineappendix.PaperCitation:Lowes,Sara,NathanNunn,JamesA.Robinson,andJonathanL.Weigel.“TheEvolutionofCultureandInstitutions:EvidencefromtheKubaKingdom,”Econometrica,July2017,Vol.85,No.4,pp.1065-1091.Game1–DictatorGame

• Selfversussametribe(A)• Selfversusdifferenttribe(B)• SelfversuscitizenofKananga(C)• Selfversusprovincialgovernment(T)

Game2–UltimatumGame

• Selfversussametribe(D)• Selfversusdifferenttribe(E)• SelfversuscitizenofKananga(F)

Game3–ResourceAllocationGame

• Selfversussametribe(G)• Selfversusdifferenttribe(H)• SelfversuscitizenofKananga(I)• Selfversusprovincialgovernment(J)

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GAME1–DICTATORGAME–ENGLISH

(ACTIVITIESA,B,C,T)

INTRODUCTION[Findaprivateplacetomeetwiththesamerespondentwhomyouinterviewedforthesurvey.ItisveryimportantthatthePlayerwillnotbewatchedbymembersofhishouseholdorotherpeoplewhileheorsheisplayingthegames.Setupthetentandthemat,andexplainhowtheywillbeusedduringthegames.Sitdownonthemat,andsay:]NowIwillexplainhowtoplaythisgame.Itisveryimportanttopayattentionbecauseonlythosewhounderstandtherulesofthegamewellwillbeabletoplay.Letmeremindyouthatthisprojectiscompletelyvoluntaryandyouarefreetoleaveatanytimeifyoudecidethatyoudonotwanttoparticipateinthisgame.Thisgameisplayedinpairs:thereisaPlayer1andaPlayer2.YouwillplaywithsomeonechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga.NeitheryounorIwillknowexactlywhoyouareplayingwith.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknowwhoplayswithwho,andhewillnevertellanyone.Iwillgive1000FCtoeachpairofplayers.Player1mustdecidehowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandPlayer2.Player1mustgivebetween0and1000FCtoPlayer2.Player2takeshomewhatPlayer1giveshim,andPlayer1takeshometherest.Now,wearegoingtorunthroughsomeexamplestoshowhowthisgamecanbeplayed.[TakethemoneyinyourhandsforthesedemonstrationsandpushtheoffermadetoPlayer2acrossalineonthemat.]

1. Hereisthefirstexample.ImaginethatPlayer1choosestoallocate900CFtoPlayer2.Then,Player2willgohomewith900CF.Player1willgohomewith100CF(1000CFminus900CFequals100CF).

2. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1choosestoallocate200CFtoPlayer2.Then,Player2willgohomewith200CF.Player1willgohomewith800CF(1000CFminus200CFequals800CF).



5. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1choosestoallocate0CFtoPlayer2.

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Then,Player2willgohomewith0CF.Player1willgohomewith1000CF(1000CFminus0CFequals1000CF).

Nowpleaserespondtothefollowingtestquestionstobesurethatyouhaveunderstood.Then,IwilltellyouifyouareaPlayer1oraPlayer2andyouwillbegintoplay.[Usethefollowinglistastestquestions.Thetotalof5examplesand6testquestionsencompassesthecompleteseriesofpossibleallocationsthatPlayer1couldmake.Ifitisnecessarytoaskmoretestquestions,startagainwiththefirstexampleaboveandwrite“testquestionsrepeated”ontheanswerform.]

1. ImaginethatPlayer1choosestoallocate1000CFtoPlayer2.HowmuchwillPlayer2gohomewith?[1000]AndhowmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[0]

2. NowimaginethatPlayer1choosestoallocate400CFtoPlayer2.HowmuchwillPlayer2gohomewith?[400]HowmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[600]





Nowthatyoufullyunderstandthegame,doyoustillwanttoparticipate?[Ifthepersonindicates‘yes’,administertheactivities(A,B,C,&T)ofthegameintheorderinwhichtheyappearonyourlist.]

CONCLUSION

[Readtheconclusiononlyafterhavingadministeredtheactivities.]Thankyouforparticipatinginthisgame.YouarealsoaPlayer2.OtherPlayer1sdrawnrandomlyfromthepopulationofKanangawillgiveyouasumofmoneyaccordingtothesameinstructionswejustfollowed.Iwillreturninoneortwoweekstogiveyouthismoney.[Nowstartthenextactivity.]

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ACTIVITYAForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonefromyourtribe.ThisPlayer2willbechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga,butheorshewillbeamemberofyourtribe.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Hereisthe1000CF.Now,pleasegoinsidethetent.Whileyouarethere,dividethismoneyandputtheamountyouwouldliketogivetoPlayer2intheenvelopemarked“MyTribe.”Puttherestofthemoneyintheenvelopemarked“Me."Then,sealbothenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"MyTribe"inthebaginfrontofthetent.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouhavechosentoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

ACTIVITYBForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonefromadifferenttribe.ThisPlayer2willbechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga,butheorshewillnotbeamemberofyourtribe.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Hereisthe1000CF.Now,pleasegoinsidethetent.Whileyouarethere,dividethismoneyandputtheamountyouwouldliketogivetoPlayer2intheenvelopemarked“OtherTribe.”Puttherestofthemoneyintheenvelopemarked“Me."Then,sealbothenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"OtherTribe"inthebaginfrontofthetent.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouhavechosentoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

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ACTIVITYCForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonechosenrandomlyfromtheentirepopulationofKananga.Thetribeofthispersonisunknown.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Hereisthe1000CF.Now,pleasegoinsidethetent.Whileyouarethere,dividethismoneyandputtheamountyouwouldliketogivetoPlayer2intheenvelopemarked“CitizenofKananga.”Puttherestofthemoneyintheenvelopemarked“Me."Then,sealbothenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"CitizenofKananga"inthebaginfrontofthetent.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouhavechosentoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

ACTIVITYTForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbetheProvincialGovernmentofKasaiOccidental,whichwillspendthemoneyitgetsonaprojecttohelpthecitizensofKananga.Youwillneverknowthedetailsofthisproject,andthegovernmentpersonnelwillneverknowyouridentityorhowmuchmoneywasinthisenvelope.Hereisthe1000CF.Now,pleasegoinsidethetent.Whileyouarethere,dividethismoneyandputtheamountyouwouldliketogivetoPlayer2intheenvelopemarked“Government.”Puttherestofthemoneyintheenvelopemarked“Me."Then,sealbothenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"Government"inthebaginfrontofthetent.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouhavechosentoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

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GAME2–ULTIMATUMGAME–ENGLISH

(ACTIVITIESD,E,&F)

INTRODUCTION[Findaprivateplacetomeetwiththesamerespondentwhomyouinterviewedforthesurvey.ItisveryimportantthatthePlayerwillnotbewatchedbymembersofhishouseholdorotherpeoplewhileheorsheisplayingthegames.Setupthetentandthemat,andexplainhowtheywillbeusedduringthegames.Sitdownonthemat,andsay:]NowIwillexplainhowtoplaythisgame.Itisveryimportanttopayattentionbecauseonlythosewhounderstandtherulesofthegamewellwillbeabletoplay.Letmeremindyouthatthisprojectiscompletelyvoluntaryandyouarefreetoleaveatanytimeifyoudecidethatyoudonotwanttoparticipateinthisgame.Thisgameisplayedinpairs:thereisaPlayer1andaPlayer2.YouwillplaywithsomeonechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga.NeitheryounorIwillknowexactlywhoyouareplayingwith.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknowwhoplayswithwho,andhewillnevertellanyone.Iwillprovide1000CFtoeachpairofplayers.Player1mustdecidehowtodividethismoneybetweenhimselfandPlayer2.Player1mustofferbetween0CFandthe1000CF(thetotal)toPlayer2.Player1thenhastowaitwhilehisofferispresentedtoPlayer2.BeforereceivingtheofferthePlayer1hasproposed,Player2hastostatewhetherhewouldacceptorrejecteachofthepossibleoffersbetween0CFand1000CF.IfPlayer2hasstatedthathewouldacceptPlayer1’soffer,thenPlayer2getstheamountoftheofferandPlayer1getstherest.IfPlayer2hasstatedthathewouldrejectPlayer1’soffer,thenneitherPlayerreceivesanymoneyfromthisgame.Now,wearegoingtorunthroughsomeexamplestoshowhowthisgamecanbeplayed.[TakethemoneyinyourhandsforthesedemonstrationsandpushtheoffermadetoPlayer2acrossalineonthemat.]

1. Hereisthefirstexample.ImaginethatPlayer1offers900CFtoPlayer2.Now,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferof900CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1mighthavemade,butwewillnotworryaboutthatnow.BecausePlayer2saidhewouldreject900CF,Player1goeshomewithnothingandPlayer2goeshomewithnothing.

2. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1offers900CFtoPlayer2.Now,before

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hearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferof900CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1mighthavemade,butwewillnotworryaboutthatnow.Inthiscase,Player1goeshomewith100CF(1000CFminus900CFequals100CF)andPlayer2goeshomewith900CF.

3. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1offers200CFtoPlayer2.Now,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferof200CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1mighthavemade.BecausePlayer2saidhewouldacceptthisoffer,Player1goeshomewith800CF(1000CFminus200CFequals800CF),andPlayer2goeshomewith200CF.

4. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1offers200CFtoPlayer2.Butnow,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferof200CFfromPlayer1.Player2alsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejecteachoftheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1couldhavemade.Inthiscase,Player1goeshomewithnothing,andPlayer2alsogoeshomewithnothing.

5. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1offers500CFtoPlayer2.Now,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferof500CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1couldhavemade.BecausePlayer2saidhewouldrejectanofferof500CFfromPlayer,Player1goeshomewithnothingandPlayer2goeshomewithnothing.

6. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1offers700CFtoPlayer2.Now,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferof700CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1couldhavemade.BecausePlayer2saidhewouldacceptanofferof700CF,Player1goeshomewith300CF(1000CFminus700CFequals300CF).AndPlayer2goeshomewith700CF.

7. Hereisanotherexample.ImaginethatPlayer1offers0CFtoPlayer2.Butthistime,beforehearingaboutthisoffer,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferof0CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1couldhavemade.Inthiscase,Player1goeshomewithnothingandPlayer2goeshomewithnothing.

8. ImaginenowthatPlayer1offers1000CFtoPlayer2.Butthistime,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferof1000CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1couldhavemade.ThenPlayer1goeshomewithnothing(1000CFminus1000CFequalszero)andPlayer2goeshomewith1000CF.

9. ImagineagainthatPlayer1offers400CFtoPlayer2.Now,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferof400CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1couldhavemade.Then,Player1goeshomewithnothing.And,Player2goeshomewithnothing.

10. ImaginethatPlayer1offers600CFtoPlayer2.Now,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2

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hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferof600CFfromPlayer1.Player2hasalsostatedwhetherhewouldacceptorrejectalltheotherpossibleoffersthatPlayer1couldhavemade.ThenPlayer1goeshomewith400CF(1000CFminus600CFequals400CF).AndPlayer2goeshomewith600CF.

Nowpleaserespondtothefollowingtestquestionstomakesurethatyouhaveunderstoodthegame.Then,IwilltellyouifyouareaPlayer1oraPlayer2,andyouwillstarttoplaythegameforreal.[Usethefollowinglistastestquestions.Thetotalof10examplesand6testquestionsencompassesthecompleteseriesofpossiblechoicesbyplayers1and2.Ifitisnecessarytoaskmoretestquestions,startagainwiththefirstexampleabove,andwrite"testquestionsrepeated"ontheanswerpage.]Herearesometestquestions:

1. SupposethatPlayer1offers100CFtoPlayer2andthat,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferofthisamount.Inthiscase,howmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[900CF]AndhowmuchwillPlayer2gohomewith?[100CF].

2. Andwhatif,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferofthisamount.Inthiscase,howmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[nothing]AndhowmuchwillPlayer2gohomewith?[nothing]

3. Nowtrythisone.SupposethatPlayer1offers800CFtoPlayer2andthat,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferofthisamount.Inthiscase,howmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[200CF]AndhowmuchwillPlayer2willgohomewith?[800CF].

4. Andwhatif,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferofthisamount.Inthiscase,howmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[nothing]AndhowmuchwillPlayer2gohomewith?[nothing]

5. Nowtrythisone.SupposethatPlayer1offers300CFtoPlayer2andthat,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldrejectanofferofthisamount.Inthiscase,howmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[nothing]AndhowmuchwillPlayer2gohomewith?[nothing]

6. Andwhatif,beforehearingaboutthis,Player2hasstatedthathewouldacceptanofferofthisamount.Inthiscase,howmuchwillPlayer1gohomewith?[700CF]AndhowmuchwillPlayer2gohomewith?[300CF]

Nowthatyoufullyunderstandthegame,doyoustillwanttoparticipate?[Ifthepersonindicates‘yes’,administerthethreeactivities(D,E,&F)ofthegameintheorderinwhichtheyappearonyourlist.]

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ACTIVITYDForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonefromyourtribe.ThisPlayer2willbechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga,butheorshewillbeamemberofyourtribe.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Hereisthe1000CF.Now,pleasegoinsidethetent.Whileyouarethere,dividethismoneyandputtheamountyouwouldliketooffertoPlayer2intheenvelopemarked“MyTribe.”Puttherestofthemoneyintheenvelopemarked“Me."Then,sealthetwoenvelopesandputthembothinthebaginfrontofthetent.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouhavechosentoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficeknowsandhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,say:]YouarealsoaPlayer2.Asbefore,thePlayer1youplaywithwillbesomeonefromyourtribechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga.Rememberthatnoonewillknowwithwhomyouareplaying.NowIwillaskyouwhichoffersyouwillacceptandwhichoffersyouwillreject.

1. IfPlayer1offeredyou1000CFandkept0CFforhimorherselfwouldyouacceptorreject?








9. IfPlayer1offeredyou200CFandkept800CFforhimorherselfwouldyouacceptor

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reject?10. IfPlayer1offeredyou100CFandkept900CFforhimorherselfwouldyouacceptor


reject?Nowthatyouhavetoldmewhatamountsyouwouldacceptorreject,ourresearchofficewillcalculateyourpayoffaftercomparingyourresponseswiththeoffermadebyPlayer1.Iwillreturninoneortwoweekswithyourpaymentfortheseactivities.[Whenyouhavefinished,administerthenextactivity.]

ACTIVITYEForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonefromadifferenttribe.ThisPlayer2willbechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga,butheorshewillnotbeamemberofyourtribe.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Hereisthe1000CF.Now,pleasegoinsidethetent.Whileyouarethere,dividethismoneyandputtheamountyouwouldliketooffertoPlayer2intheenvelopemarked“OtherTribe.”Puttherestofthemoneyintheenvelopemarked“Me."Then,sealthetwoenvelopesandputthembothinthebaginfrontofthetent.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouhavechosentoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficeknowsandhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,say:]YouarealsoaPlayer2.Asbefore,thePlayer1youplaywithwillbesomeonefromadifferenttribechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga.Rememberthatnoonewillknowwithwhomyouareplaying.NowIwillaskyouwhichoffersyouwillacceptandwhichoffersyouwillreject.



3. IfPlayer1offeredyou800CFandkept200CFforhimorherselfwouldyouacceptor

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reject?Nowthatyouhavetoldmewhatamountsyouwouldacceptorreject,ourresearchofficewillcalculateyourpayoffaftercomparingyourresponseswiththeoffermadebyPlayer1.Iwillreturninoneortwoweekswithyourpaymentfortheseactivities.[Whenyouhavefinished,administerthenextactivity.]

ACTIVITYFForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonechosenrandomlyfromtheentirepopulationofKananga.Thetribeofthispersonisunknown.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Hereisthe1000CF.Now,pleasegoinsidethetent.Whileyouarethere,dividethismoneyandputtheamountyouwouldliketooffertoPlayer2intheenvelopemarked“CitizenofKananga.”Puttherestofthemoneyintheenvelopemarked“Me."Then,sealthetwoenvelopesandputthembothinthebaginfrontofthetent.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouhavechosentoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficeknowsandhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,say:]

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YouarealsoaPlayer2.Asbefore,thePlayer1youplaywithwillbesomeonechosenrandomlyfromtheentirepopulationofKananga.Rememberthatnoonewillknowwithwhomyouareplaying.NowIwillaskyouwhichoffersyouwillacceptandwhichoffersyouwillreject.












Nowthatyouhavetoldmewhatamountsyouwouldacceptorreject,ourresearchofficewillcalculateyourpayoffaftercomparingyourresponseswiththeoffermadebyPlayer1.Iwillreturninoneortwoweekswithyourpaymentfortheseactivities.[Whenyouhavefinished,administerthenextactivity.]

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GAME3–RESOURCEALLOCATIONGAME–ENGLISH

(ACTIVITIESG,H,I,&J)

INTRODUCTION[Findaprivateplacetomeetwiththesamerespondentwhomyouinterviewedforthesurvey.ItisveryimportantthatthePlayerwillnotbewatchedbymembersofhishouseholdorotherpeoplewhileheorsheisplayingthegames.Setupthetentandthemat,andexplainhowtheywillbeusedduringthegames.Sitdownonthemat,andsay:]NowIwillexplainhowtoplaythisgame.Itisimportantthatyoulistenascarefullyaspossiblebecauseonlypeoplewhounderstandtheactivitywillbeabletoplay.Letmeremindyouthatthisprojectiscompletelyvoluntary.Youarefreetoleaveatanytimeifyoudecidethatyouarenotabletocontinuewiththegame.Therearetwoenvelopesinfrontofyou:oneforPlayer1andtheotherforPlayer2,asnotedontheenvelopes.Youwillrolladie30timesandeachdierollwilldeterminehowtoassign100CF.Eachtimeyourollthedie,youwillput100CFinoneofthetwoenvelopesinfrontofyou.Afterfinishingtoday’sgame,wewilldeliverthesetwoenvelopestodifferentpeopleinKananga,asIwillexplainbeforewestarteachactivity.Youshouldfollowthreestepstoallocateeach100FCbillusingthedie:

1. Pleasechooseoneofthesetwoenvelopesinyourmind.2. Rollthedieonce.3. Thediehas6sides:3sidesblackand3sideswhite.Ifthedielandswithablackside

facingup,youwillput100CFintheenvelopeyouchoseinyourmindinStep1.Ifthedielandswiththewhitefaceup,youwillput100CFintheotherenvelope--theoneyoudidnotchooseinStep1.

Repeatthesethreesteps30times--onetimeforeachofthe100CFnotesuntilthereisnomoremoneyleft.Nowwewillrunthroughsomeexampletoshowhowthisgameisplayed.[Usethedie,money,andthetwopracticeenvelopesforthesedemonstrations.Showthedierollandputthe100FCintheenvelopeindicatedbythefollowingexamples.]

1. SupposethatyouchosePlayer1'senvelopeinStep1.Thenyourollthedieonce.a. Ifthedielandswithablacksideup,youwillplace100CFinPlayer1’senvelope.b. Ifthedielandswiththewhitesideup,youwillplace100CFinPlayer2’senvelope.

2. Hereisanotherexample.SupposethatyouchosePlayer2’senvelopeinStep1.Then

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yourollthedieonce.a. Ifthedielandswiththeblacksideup,youwillplace100CFinPlayer2'senvelope.b. Ifthedielandswiththewhitesideup,youwillplace100CFinPlayer1'senvelope.

Nowpleaseanswerthefollowingtestquestionstomakesurethatyouhaveunderstoodthegame.[Usethefollowinglistastestquestions.Ifit'snecessarytoaskmoretestquestions,startagainwiththefirstexampleaboveandwrite“testquestionsrepeated”ontheanswerpage.]

1. SupposethatyouchosePlayer1’senvelopeinStep1.Whenyourollthedieitlandswiththeblacksideup.Whichenvelopeshouldyouplacethe100CFin?[CorrectAnswer:Player1’s]

2. SupposethatyouchosePlayer2’senvelopeinStep1.Whenyourollthedieitlandswiththeblacksideup.Whichenvelopeshouldyouplacethe100CFin?[CorrectAnswer:Player2’s]

3. SupposethatyouchosePlayer2’senvelopeinStep1.Whenyourollthedieitlandswiththewhitesideup.Whichenvelopeshouldyouplacethe100CFin?[CorrectAnswer:Player1’s]

4. SupposethatyouchosePlayer1’senvelopeinStep1.Whenyourollthedieitlandswiththewhitesideup.Whichenvelopeshouldyouplacethe100CFin?[CorrectAnswer:Player2’s]

5. Howmanytimeswillyourollthedieinthisactivity?[CorrectAnswer:30times]6. WillthemoneyallocatedbyyoubedeliveredtoPlayer1andPlayer2?[Yes]

[Iftherespondenthasansweredallofthequestionscorrectly,continuewiththegame.Ifheorshehasansweredsomequestionsincorrectly,askmorequestionsuntiltherespondentcananswerallexampleandtestquestionsabovecorrectly.]Doyouhaveanyquestions?Nowthatyouunderstandthegame,doyoustillwanttoparticipate?[Ifthepersonsays"yes,"administertheactivities(G,H,I,&J)ofthegameintheorderinwhichtheyappearonyourlist.]Listofquestionsthatmaybeaskedbysubjectsandthestandardanswers:

1. Question:“Asyoudon’tknowwhatIchoseinmymind,howcanyoutellifIdonotputthemoneyintheenvelopesaccordingtotheruleoftheactivity?"a) Answer:“Wewon'tbeabletotell,butyoushouldputthemoneyintheenvelopes

accordingtotherulesoftheactivity."2. Question:“CanIchangemymindwhenIputmoneyintheenvelopes?”

a) Answer:“Accordingtotherulesoftheactivity,youshouldnotchangeyourmindafteryourollthedie.”

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ACTIVITYGForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonefromyourtribe.ThisPlayer2willbechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga,butheorshewillbeamemberofyourtribe.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Herearethetwoenvelopes,oneforyoumarked"Me"andtheotherforPlayer2marked"MyTribe."Herearethirty100FCbills.Now,pleaseenterinthetent.Whileyouarethere,rollthedie30timestodetermineinwhichenvelopetoputeach100FCbill,aswejustdiscussed.Rememberthatyoumustchooseinyourmindoneofthetwoenvelopesbeforeeachdieroll.Whenyouhavefinishedthe30dierollsandallofthemoneyisinthetwoenvelopes,sealthetwoenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"MyTribe"inthebaginfrontofthetent.AsIsaid,ourresearchteamwillgivethemoneyintheenvelopemarked"MyTribe"tosomeonefromyourtribechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouchosetoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

ACTIVITYHForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonefromadifferenttribe.ThisPlayer2willbechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga,butheorshewillnotbeamemberofyourtribe.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Herearethetwoenvelopes,oneforyoumarked"Me"andtheotherforPlayer2marked"OtherTribe."Herearethirty100FCbills.Now,pleaseenterinthetent.Whileyouarethere,rollthedie30timestodetermineinwhichenvelopetoputeach100FCbill,aswejustdiscussed.Rememberthatyoumustchooseinyourmindoneofthetwoenvelopesbeforeeachdieroll.

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Whenyouhavefinishedthe30dierollsandallofthemoneyisinthetwoenvelopes,sealthetwoenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"OtherTribe"inthebaginfrontofthetent.AsIsaid,ourresearchteamwillgivethemoneyintheenvelopemarked"OtherTribe"tosomeonefromadifferenttribechosenrandomlyfromthepopulationofKananga.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouchosetoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

ACTIVITYIForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbesomeonechosenrandomlyfromtheentirepopulationofKananga.Thetribeofthispersonisunknown.Youwillneverknowwithwhomyouareplaying,andthisPlayer2willneverknowthatheisplayingwithyou.Herearethetwoenvelopes,oneforyoumarked"Me"andtheotherforPlayer2marked"CitizenofKananga."Herearethirty100FCbills.Now,pleaseenterinthetent.Whileyouarethere,rollthedie30timestodetermineinwhichenvelopetoputeach100FCbill,aswejustdiscussed.Rememberthatyoumustchooseinyourmindoneofthetwoenvelopesbeforeeachdieroll.Whenyouhavefinishedthe30dierollsandallofthemoneyisinthetwoenvelopes,sealthetwoenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"CitizenofKananga"inthebaginfrontofthetent.AsIsaid,ourresearchteamwillgivethemoneyintheenvelopemarked"CitizenofKananga"tosomeonechosenrandomlyfromtheentirepopulationofKananga.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouchosetoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

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ACTIVITYJForthisactivity,youareaPlayer1.ThePlayer2youplaywithwillbetheProvincialGovernmentofKananga,whichwillspendthemoneyitgetsonaprojecttohelpthecitizensofKananga.Youwillneverknowthedetailsofthisproject,andtheGovernmentpersonnelwillneverknowyouridentityorhowmuchmoneywasinthisenvelope.Herearethetwoenvelopes,oneforyoumarked"Me"andtheotherforPlayer2marked"TheGovernment."Herearethirty100FCbills.Now,pleaseenterinthetent.Whileyouarethere,rollthedie30timestodetermineinwhichenvelopetoputeach100FCbill,aswejustdiscussed.Rememberthatyoumustchooseinyourmindoneofthetwoenvelopesbeforeeachdieroll.Whenyouhavefinishedthe30dierollsandallofthemoneyisinthetwoenvelopes,sealthetwoenvelopes,keeptheonemarked"Me,"andputtheonemarked"TheGovernment"inthebaginfrontofthetent.AsIsaid,ourresearchteamwillgivethemoneyintheenvelopemarked"TheGovernment"totheProvincialGovernmentofKananga.Iwillneverknowhowmuchyouchosetoputinthetwoenvelopes.Onlyonepersoninourresearchofficewillknow,andhewillnevertellanyone.[CheckthatthePlayerhasunderstoodhowtodividethemoneybetweenhimselfandthePlayer2inthetwoenvelopes.Then,leavethePlayeraloneinthetentuntilheisfinished.Makesurethatotherpeopledon'tbotherorspeaktothePlayerwhileheisinthetent.][Whenheisfinished,startthenextactivity.]

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