PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains –...

14
PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids)

TAGS:

Transcript of PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains –...

Page 1: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

PROTEINS(Polymers of Amino Acids)

Page 2: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

20 Amino Acids

• Grouped by properties of their side chains– Non-polar (hydrophobic)– Polar (hydrophilic)– Acidic (-COOH grp)– Basic (-NH2)

• Polypeptide– Many amino acids linked together

Page 3: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

Types of Proteins

• Structural – ligaments, hair, horns, webs• Storage (energy) – seeds, egg whites• Transportation – blood & Facillitated Diffusion• Regulation – hormones: insulin & testosterone• Movement/Reaction – reflex, contraction• Immunology – antigens & antibodies• Enzymes – speed up rxns (digestion)

Page 4: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

DENATURATION

• Protein loses its shape & no longer function– More shape changes, greater impact on its ability

to function

• Causes:– Temperature– pH (toxic chemicals)– Radiation

• Example: Sickle Cell Anemia

Page 5: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

• PRIMARY– Sequence of amino acids

Page 6: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

MOLECULAR STRUCTURESingle (point) mutations can cause problems

Normal hemoglobin: VAL – HIS – LEU – THR – PRO – GLU –

GLU

Sickle Cell Hemo.: VAL – HIS – LEU – THR – PRO – VAL

– GLU

Page 7: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

• SECONDARY– A.A. chain coil or fold due H-bonds– Alpha Helix: -- Pleated Sheets

Page 8: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE• TERTIARY– 3-D shape– Globular – (round clusters – hemoglobin)– Fibrous – (long threads – collegen)

– Hydrophobic interaction – nonpolar sections of molecule clump to middle of protein away from any possible sources of water

Page 9: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

• QUATERNARY– Interaction of multiple polypeptide chains

Page 10: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

ENZYMES

• Substrate – substance being broken down• Active site – area where substrate/enzyme

connect

• Induced Fit – slight change of shape as enzyme & substrate join

Page 11: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

Affects on Reaction Rates

• Cofactors / coenzymes – an additional enzyme working on same substrate

• Competitive Inhibitors – block active site

Page 12: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

Affects on Reaction Rates• Noncompetitive

Inhibitors – changes shape of the enzyme without attaching to the active site

• Allosteric regulation – attachment of another molecule which changes the shape of the enzyme

Page 13: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

Metabolic Controls

• Feedback Inhibition – the

product of the reaction binds to the enzyme & prevents it

from doing its job. Avoid excess production

Page 14: PROTEINS (Polymers of Amino Acids). 20 Amino Acids Grouped by properties of their side chains – Non-polar (hydrophobic) – Polar (hydrophilic) – Acidic.

Metabolic Controls• Cooperativity – (form allosteric regulation)

when another molecule helps maintain shape of enzyme


HL Paper 1 QB TOPIC/PDFs/Biology/Topic 8/HL-paper1.pdfA. Polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophilic molecules can pass. B. Polar amino acids create a channel through

HL Paper 1 QB TOPIC/PDFs/Biology/Topic 8/HL-paper1.pdfA. Polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophilic molecules can pass. B. Polar amino acids create a channel through

Branched Chain Amino Acids · Branched Chain Amino Acids INGREDIENTS Doctor’s Best Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) refers to the essential amino acids: Leucine, Isoleucine and

Branched Chain Amino Acids · Branched Chain Amino Acids INGREDIENTS Doctor’s Best Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) refers to the essential amino acids: Leucine, Isoleucine and

Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins -amino acid:. Amino Acids Are >500 naturally occurring amino acids identified in living organisms Humans synthesize.

Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins -amino acid:. Amino Acids Are >500 naturally occurring amino acids identified in living organisms Humans synthesize.

Amino Acids:

Amino Acids:

Introduc)on*to*Amino*Acids*and* Proteins*...A polar basic amino acid is an amino acid that contains ≥ 2 amino groups and one carboxyl group, the second amino group being part of

Introduc)on*to*Amino*Acids*and* Proteins*...A polar basic amino acid is an amino acid that contains ≥ 2 amino groups and one carboxyl group, the second amino group being part of

Amino Acids. Properties of Amino Acids Ques. 4: Use the above structures to answer the questions below: a. Which amino acid is most polar? b. Which.

Amino Acids. Properties of Amino Acids Ques. 4: Use the above structures to answer the questions below: a. Which amino acid is most polar? b. Which.

PROTEIN METABOLISM Kadek Rachmawati. PROTEIN METABOLISM Protein Catabolism Amino Acids Metabolism Amino Acids Catabolism Amino Acids Biosynthesis.

PROTEIN METABOLISM Kadek Rachmawati. PROTEIN METABOLISM Protein Catabolism Amino Acids Metabolism Amino Acids Catabolism Amino Acids Biosynthesis.

Amino acids/Proteins. Sugars --------> polysaccharides Nucleotides --------> nucleic acids Fatty Acids --------> Lipids Amino acids -------> proteins.

Amino acids/Proteins. Sugars --------> polysaccharides Nucleotides --------> nucleic acids Fatty Acids --------> Lipids Amino acids -------> proteins.

Branched Chain Amino Acids - Doctor's Best Inc. · Branched Chain Amino Acids INGREDIENTS Doctor’s Best Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) refers to the essential amino acids: Leucine,

Branched Chain Amino Acids - Doctor's Best Inc. · Branched Chain Amino Acids INGREDIENTS Doctor’s Best Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) refers to the essential amino acids: Leucine,

Amino Acids: *Classification of Amino Acids According

Amino Acids: *Classification of Amino Acids According

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins.. Classification of Amino Acids.

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins.. Classification of Amino Acids.

2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acidsdolezala/FCHS/2. Amino acids, peptides... · 1 2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids functional groups: NH 2 COOH amino

2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acidsdolezala/FCHS/2. Amino acids, peptides... · 1 2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids functional groups: NH 2 COOH amino

Amino acids structure. Configuration of Amino Acids.

Amino acids structure. Configuration of Amino Acids.

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins · neutral amino acids, the less polar one passes through more slowly because of its stronger hydrophobic interactions with the polystyrene. 6.

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins · neutral amino acids, the less polar one passes through more slowly because of its stronger hydrophobic interactions with the polystyrene. 6.

2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids. Amino acids, peptides... · 1 2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids functional groups: NH 2 COOH amino acids bound by

2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids. Amino acids, peptides... · 1 2. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS amino acids functional groups: NH 2 COOH amino acids bound by

Amino Acids

Amino Acids

Plasma metabolomic profiling of amino acids and polar ...€¦ · RESEARCH Open Access Plasma metabolomic profiling of amino acids and polar lipids in Iranian obese adults Minoo Bagheri1*,

Plasma metabolomic profiling of amino acids and polar ...€¦ · RESEARCH Open Access Plasma metabolomic profiling of amino acids and polar lipids in Iranian obese adults Minoo Bagheri1*,

Protein structure. Amino acids Amino acids: R group properties.

Protein structure. Amino acids Amino acids: R group properties.

Chapter 18 Amino Acids, Proteins and Enzymes. Amino Acids 20 amino acids; all are α-amino acids:

Chapter 18 Amino Acids, Proteins and Enzymes. Amino Acids 20 amino acids; all are α-amino acids:

DISORDERS OF AMINO Acids Metabolism€¦ · disorders of amino & imino acids 1. aromatic amino acids 2. sulphur containing amino acids 3. branched –chain amino acids

DISORDERS OF AMINO Acids Metabolism€¦ · disorders of amino & imino acids 1. aromatic amino acids 2. sulphur containing amino acids 3. branched –chain amino acids