Proteins of Immunology. Immune System Humoral Cellular Complement Antibody production.
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Transcript of Proteins of Immunology. Immune System Humoral Cellular Complement Antibody production.
Proteins of Immunology
Immune System
Humoral CellularComplement
Antibody production
Hemopoeisis
Recognizing Self from Non-self: the role of MHC
“Self”,Let’s T killersknow thatI’m supposeto be here.
On APC, provides communicationlink to ImmuneSystem
Lymphocytesinteract to mounthumoral response
Cytokines • Small protein which help activate the different immune
cells, like messengers
• Produced by T cells and Antigen presenting cells (APCs)
• Induce adhesion molecules and increase vascular
permeability
• Attract leukocytes
• Many different types:
– Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
– Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
– Interferon (IFN-)
Kinins
• Cause contraction of muscles distal to site, causing blood to back-up at affected site (swelling)
• Stimulate nerves causing pain• Cause vascular cells to contract and to express
adhesion molecules, allowing cells to attach to capillaries and enter affected site
• Example: bradykinin
Basic immunoglobulin monomer
Typical Ab-Ag interaction has a Kd as low as 10-10 M, Reflecting ionic interactions, H-bonds, hydrophobic, etc.
Immunoglobulins
• IgG
Genes for the immunoglobulins and T-receptors undergo DNA rearrangement.
Light and Heavy chains
The language of Antibody interactions:
Polyclonal antibodies arise from multiple clonesof cells and bind to different parts of antigen withdifferent binding affinities
Monoclonal antibodies arise from a single clone ofcells produced by hybridomas (fusion of B-cell andmyeloma cell), the antibodies are identical
Enzyme-linkedImmunosorbentAssays(ELISA)
Specificity and sensitivity
ELISA and RIA
Western Blots
Two pathways for complement
• Classical pathway – stimulated by antigen-antibody interaction (primarily IgG and IgM)
• Alternative pathway (AP) – stimulated by antigen-antibody interaction (IgA and IgE) OR by non-immunologic means (LPS)
Classical pathway – cascade of proteins
Alternative pathway
Arrow key
• Component cleavage – Red Arrow
• Enzymatic activity – Blue Arrow
• Component assembly – Green Arrow
MAC formation