Protective Packaging and Materials Handling
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Transcript of Protective Packaging and Materials Handling
Protective Packaging and Protective Packaging and Materials HandlingMaterials Handling
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Product Characteristics Physical Characteristics
Density of bulk materials Ability to withstand exposure to elements Respiration
Chemical Characteristics Incompatible products Products requiring chemicals
Characteristics must be made known to consumers
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Product Characteristics Hazardous Cargo
Explosives Compressed gases Flammable liquids Oxidizers Poisons Radioactive materials Corrosive materials
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Product Characteristics Environmental Protection
Reduce packing materials used Use packaging materials that are more
environmentally friendly with recycled content Use reusable containers Retain or support services that collect used packaging
and recycle it
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Packaging Building-blocks concept
Smallest unit is consumer package Each unit is stacked within the next larger one to
protect the product
Promotional functions of boxes
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Packaging Protective functions of packaging
Enclose materials Restrain materials from undesired movement Separate contents to prevent undesired contact Cushion contents from outside vibrations and shocks Support the weight of identical containers stacked above Position the contents to provide maximum protection Provide for uniform weight distribution Provide exterior surface for labeling Be tamperproof Be safe for consumers or others
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Packaging Package testing
Vibrations Dropping Horizontal impacts Compression Overexposure to extreme temperatures or moisture Rough handling
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Packaging Designing a package requires 3 types of
information Severity of the distribution environment Fragility of the product Performance characteristics of various cushion
materials
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
A unit load is one or more boxes secured to a pallet or skid. The term “unitization” describes this type of handling.
Basic unit is a pallet or skid Lumber is expensive so firms want pallets returned Provides cushioning effect in transport Quality of pallets varies widely Chep USA rents pallets in wood or plastic; used in closed-
loop system Should be less than 50 pounds—difficult with plastic Metal also used in closed loop systems
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Figure 15-25: The Building-Blocks
Concept of Packaging: A
Summary
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
Slip sheet can be used in place of pallet Saves vertical room Weighs far less than pallet Requires more care when moving
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
Advantages Additional protection Pilferage is discouraged More fragile items can be
stacked inside the load Mechanical devices can
be substituted for hand labor
Disadvantages Provides large quantity
that sometimes is of limited value to resellers dealing in smaller quantities
Must use mechanical or automated device to move
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Figure 5-19: A Battery Powered Lift Truck Used for Stock
Picking
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
An intermodal container holds the unit load Interchangeable among rail, truck, and water
carriers Air carriers usually use irregular shaped
containers made to fit fuselage
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Figure 5-21: Various Types of
Intermodal Surface
Containers
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Materials Handling
Materials handling refers to how the materials or products are handled physically.
How the products are handled depends on whether they are packaged or in bulk
Handling may change the characteristics of the product
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Materials Handling Principles
Orientation – understand entire system, relationship to other systems
and physical limitations Requirements – expected
performance
Integrated system – coordination of all storage & handling systems
Standardization – of package sizes
Just-in-time – products not moved until needed
Unit load – handling materials in large blocks
Minimum travel Maximize space utilization Ergonomics – protect workers
from difficult or repetitive functions Energy efficiency Ecology – environmental friendly
Mechanization – substitute machines for humans
Automation – very capital intensive; less flexible
Flexibility
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Materials Handling Principles
Simplification – avoid overly complicated systems
Gravity – rely on gravity to move materials when possible
Safety
Computerization Systems flow
Systems flow Layout Cost Maintenance Obsolescence Team solution
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Problems in Materials Handling
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