Protected Area Management, Case of Palawan Watershed- Philippines
46
PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT The Palawan Flora, Fauna & Watershed Reserve (PFFWR) Puerto Princesa City By Iris Loterte MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Dr. Michael Pido Professor, ESc 206 Protected Area Management
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Transcript of Protected Area Management, Case of Palawan Watershed- Philippines
PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT
The Palawan Flora, Fauna
& Watershed Reserve
(PFFWR)
Puerto Princesa City
By Iris Loterte MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Dr. Michael Pido Professor, ESc 206 Protected Area Management
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PFFWR PROFILE
The PFFWR located at Irawan Puerto Princesa are
composed of two parcels, separately covered by two
Presidential Proclamations
Parcel 1 has an area of 4,776 ha under P.D No. 2221
on July 14, 1982.
Parcel 2 as additional area of 3,224 has under P.D No.
2465 (1984) - adjacent to Iwahig Penal colony.
Eighty five percent (85%) of the total area is covered
with mixed forests that are reported to be of local
and national significance.
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T The reserve is under supervision and management
of DENR until Republic Act 7160 was created, it was
transferred to the City Government in December
1992 under its City Environment and Natural
Resources Office.
Local taskforce (Multi-partite Technical Working
Group) was appointed by PCSDS Res No. 01-180 s.
March 2001 – acts as interim PAMB.
Present project planning and implementation carry
out by Puerto Princesa City Water District (PPCWD)
transferred to City Government the responsibility of
managing the 3000 ha area of Irawan Watershed.
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By virtue of PD 198 known as the Provincial
Water Utility Act of 1973, the Puerto Princesa
City Water District was established in 1976,
the City Council of Puerto Princesa through the
Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA)
passed a resolution on May 1, 1976 creating
PPCWD.
A Conditional Certificate of Conformance (CCC
No. 26) was issued by LWUA which formally
established the PPCWD on August 5, 1976.
The City Government turnover to the PPCWD
the control and supervision of the water supply
systems with approximately 400 service
concessionaires.
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Topography. Gradual sloping downward to valleys
and plains…complex geological formation of
ultramafic rocks sorrounding Mt. Beautfort
Soils. Brooke’s Clay, formed from weathering of
ultramafic and meta-volcanic rocks in the sea…
moderately low fertility
Hydrology. 5 major tributaries that supplies Irawan
River emanating from spring and underground water
reservoirs on the interior part of the sea
Climatic Condition. Philippine Climatic Type III, Dry
from December to April, and the rest are wet and
Average annual rainfall: 1,147 mm during mos. of
May, July, August and October
Biology. Numerous species of wildlife, among them
are Palawan scunk, Nicobar pigeon, Palawan
Peacock Pheasant, wild Pigs, Palawan Tree Shrew,
and others. Rattan and bamboo are abundant in the
area, almaciga tree (Agathis philippensis Warb)
grows well in the area @irisloterte2005
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Biophysical Evaluation
the area is valuable for conservation of biodiversity but there is no enough data to support its condition specifically the flora and fauna.
Parameters and evaluation measures are still on process
Irawan river serves as a primary source of freshwater for the people of Puerto Princesa City.
Mineral resources showed to be vastly deposited in the area particularly Chromite
The value of the natural beauty of the mountain landscape, scenic beauties of lush vegetation, uniqueness of geological formations, set as a pride of ownership
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4 sitios: So. Acasia, So. Tagaud, So. Campo Uno
and So. Impapay with total HH of 42
total farmlot area is 184.80 ha with the total number
of 140 farm dependents (Kaingin)
Tagbanua are organized by different Samahan ng
mga Katutubo to unite their aspirations and
obligation to everyone
gathering of non-timber forest products like honey,
rattan and Almaciga resin are practiced by tribal
families, and the selling of bamboo thickets and
extraction rates are on its lowest rate
13-km logging/mining road constructed parallel to
the orientation of Irawan River which starts
traversing the Reserve and ended to Bgy.
Bacungan.
Socio-Economic Setting
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Management & Governance
General The prime objective of this management plan is the
protection and enhancement of watershed resources that contributes to a sustainable supply of clean water to watershed stakeholders.
Specific Support and improve attitudes for conservation
programs through development of an awareness and understanding of conservation values among watershed constituents.
Protection of rare and endangered wildlife species and its habitat
Strengthen the partnership between complementing agencies
Tribal community empowerment in line their aspirations for a better quality of life
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Monitoring and Evaluation Design
Internal Monitoring and Evaluation
Daily Records of detailed activities of every project
operations including problems encountered, decision
made, visits and other aspects that have undergone.
External Monitoring and Evaluation
An overall Program of Works and Schedule of Activities
and/or Milestone is incorporated on every project
design to serve as basis for the Monitoring and
Evaluation Component in their assessments and visits.
Physical Progress Report shall also include in the
design and the frequency of submissions.
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City ENRO
Bantay Gubat
City Health Office
Provincial Government
Department of (DENR)
Prov’l/Comm. Envi. & Natural Resources Office
Provincial Council for Sustainable Dev’t (PCSD)
Department of Education (DepEd)
Department of Agriculture (DA)
NGO’s like PNNI, ELAC, NATRIPAL
Conservation International (CI)
Civic Orgns: PPC-Jaycees, Rotary Club of PPC, etc
Funding funds for the implementation of projects through its
internal funds and/or other sources to be identified later
(A 5-year period proposed financial plan will cover on the
initial implementation of projects in the area.)
Partner Agencies
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Promising Support
Local Government Agencies
Financial and technical support
Policies and decisions that affect the
watershed
Logistics, equipment and related support
Data collection and analysis expertise Mass Media
Coverage of
watershed events
Human interest
stories
Understanding
of local
information
needs.
Environmental & Conservation Groups
Knowledge of environmental
constituencies
Awareness of problems and issues
Committed and knowledgement
membership @irisloterte2005
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Presidential Decree 198 known as The Provincial
Water Utilities Act of 1973
- states the rights of a water district
Legal Bases
The National Water Crisis Act of 1995
- issues relevant to water crisis,
President Decree 705 as revised/ Forestry Reform
Code of the Philippines
- general mandate of the Philippine Constitution to
conserve and utilize properly our natural resources
Republic Act 7586 known as The NIPAS Act
- a comprehensive system of integrated protected areas”
IPRA Law (RA 8371)
- the rights of Indigenous Communities to their Ancestral
Domain which include the right to ownership, @irisloterte2005
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Presidential Decree 1559
- no person shall enter into forest lands and cultivate without
lease or permit.
- provide basis to incorporate in the management plan a
project related to relocation of settlements inside the
watershed.
Pres.Proc. 2221 of 1982 and 2465 of 1984
- the Palawan Flora, Fauna and Watershed Reserved of
the 8,000 ha forest land in PPC
Puerto Princesa City Council Res. No. 36-86
- Prohibiting illegal activities like timber poaching
and kaingin making within the Reserve.
PCSD Resolution No. 99-147
- “Resolution Adopting the Revised Guidelines in the
Identification & Delineation of the Tribal Ancestral Zoning
Legal Bases
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The Master Plan for Forestry Development
- integrated and holistic management of the country’s
watersheds.
DENR-Memorandum Circular 18 Series of 1990
- stipulates that indigenous species are preferred for planting
especially in reforestation areas intended for protection
purposes; allows planting fruit tress…
Expert Consultation on Rattan Development
- recommendation of Expert Consultation on Rattan
Development held in Rome Italy on December 5-7 of 2000,
- encourages to include rattan as an integral component of
national forest and conservation policies
City Council Resolution, 631-2004
- Granting the authority to arrange the 3000 ha watershed area
under the approved integrated mgt. plan.
Other Policies
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POLICY CONFLICT DIAGRAM
PP 2221
PFFWR PP 2465
Re
locatio
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PD
155
9 )
Cu
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Other Policies,
City Res. 631-2004
PPC Res. 36-86
(Prohibited Activities)
PD 705 Forestry Reform
Code
Constitutional Mandate on the proper
conservation & Utilization of Forest
RA 7611/
SEP Law
Policy Evaluation
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Chairman
PPCWD General
Manager
Technical &
Implementation
ESD Manager
Finance
FSD Manager
Administrative
ASD Manager
Monitoring,
Evaluation, & Support
Agencies PPCWD-
CSD Manager
Representation from
CENRO, City ENRO,
DA, PCSDS,
NATRIPAL
Mgt & Policy
Evaluation
1 PPCWD-BOD
Implementation
PWD Manager
Survey, Mapping,
Biodiversity Resource
Assessment
Forest Protection, Watershed
Resource Enhancement
Community, Livelihood and
Support Services
Environmental IEC
IRAWAN
WATERSHED
PFFWR MANAGEMENT EVALUATION
PFFWR Management Structure
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T the government recognition of the IP culture &
rights barely approaches the fair or satisfactory level
the respondents viewed that there is fairly low level of conservation of the Reserve’s biodiversity which may not sustain ecological functions
the people involvement in the government endeavors are not sufficiently attained
the management of the PFFWR does not seem to respond to calls for sustainable development
the social dimension of stakeholders participation appears to have been given little consideration
Cabrestante Study
IP Participation to PFFWR
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Socio-cultural
- conflict management of the reserve area between
the Tagbanua tribes and the local government
Socio-economic
- tribal members are hired labor in the PFFWR and
includes equitable access to the resources (?)
Legal-political
- there are conflicts and overlapping government
policies, programs, projects in the areas
3 Factors Hindered/Motivated People
Participate/Involvement in the Management
of the Reserve
Cabrestante Study
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IP Rights Recognition & Respect
IP P
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Mo
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/Le
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Fair
Fair
Fair Conservation of
the Reserve
3
2
1
4
5
6
None
Excellent Poor
The Assessed Correlation between the IP
Participation and Government Recognition to IP on
the Conservation of Watershed Reserve Resources
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT EVALUATION
Implementation Strategies
recognize and respect IP living in the area
through their active involvement as embodied
in NIPAS Law, IPRA Law, and PCSDS
Resolution
protect watersheds as stated in Sec. 7 Item 2 of
the RA 7611 of 1992 in the SEP law or the
Environment Critical Areas Network (ECAN)
submit the proposed 3000-ha Irawan Watershed
Management Plan to the ECAN Principle for
proper and appropriate implementation of
activities in the area
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Constraints to Management Planning
culture of tolerance with regards to watershed
management
the relocation of the occupants in the area
lack of coordination among government
agencies and other institutions
inability of national agencies to be effective in
implementation of plans and programs
overlapping on boundaries of the claim of the
Tagbanua on the reserve and the ancestral
domain (4,462ha or 76% of the reserve)
PROJECT MANAGEMENT EVALUATION
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#Y
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
# #
#
#
Bacungan
IwahigSimpocan
Irawan
Sta. Lourdes
Montible
80
40
280
260
220
540
340
160
560
120
320
300
400
480
440
520
460
640
680
100
380
660
420
620
700
600
180
760
780
740
720
960
980
102 0 1000
110
0
1060
104
0
1140
1080
1120
1160
1180
640
700
0
260
480
200
100
260
100
740
760
920
820
780
500
480
620
200
60
20
880
40
20
700
40
200
320
860
500
200
780
400
600
260
900
360
460
740
440
360
280
240
300
560
760
380
860
460
300
1060
60
200
220
40
900
80
114
0 280
320
340
0
360
360
720
800
102
0
340
680
340500
260
820
840
340
420
520
740
780
780
320
540
940
200
120
0
760
300
760
700
1020
340
380
220
140
240
140
120
740
300
760
940
120
220
140
420
320
640
700
120
720
680
180
820
420
360
440
40
1000
1060
620
300
660
320
300
180
700
640
880
500
360
660
540
100
1040
20
220
60
780
340
360
20
620
80
320
860
380
420
40
680
400
140
200
460
400
980
300
600
780
760
20
580
440
880
300
660
740
340
960
0
760
480
660
380
200
340
520
280
160
720
120
340
800
160
60
140
680
280
240
900
200
500
660
120
160
200
100
440
120
740
700760
740
720
20
20
380
140
260
360
0
720
760
920
840
60
320620
780
480
400
340
620
800
Tagaud
Iratag
Impapay
Candes I
Masagana
Candes II
Campo Uno
Tagkawayan
Bualbualan
Pinamunuan
Pananlagan
Irawan RiverShirt River
Bals
ahan
Riv
er
Bonto
n R
iver
Bacungan River
Beaufort River
Bual-bualan river
Tagkawayan Creek
Tagkawayan Munit Creek
Tagminatay Creek
Bacungan River
9°4
6' 9
°46
'
9°4
7' 9
°47
'
9°4
8' 9
°48
'
9°4
9' 9
°49
'
9°5
0' 9
°50
'
9°5
1' 9
°51
'
9°5
2' 9
°52
'
9°5
3' 9
°53
'
118°35'
118°35'
118°36'
118°36'
118°37'
118°37'
118°38'
118°38'
118°39'
118°39'
118°40'
118°40'
118°41'
118°41'
PALAWAN FLORA AND FAUNA/
AND WATERSHED FOREST
RESERVE
N
500 0 500 1000 Meters
SCALE 1:70,000
gis3( f):// irawanwatershed.apr 15.03.06_iris
W A T E R S H E D B O U N D A R Y
W A
T E
R S
H E
D B
O U
N D
A R
Y
CADCMt. Beaufort
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LU
AT
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Government fair
respect to IP
Lack of Detailed
Management Plan of
the Reserve
PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT EVALUATION MATRIX
Fairly low conservation
of the Reserve IP perceived
government offers no
benefits
IP Low Participation
(Consultative mode)
Desire to obtain full
management & control
over the reserve
Co-Management/
Collaboration/
Partnership
Government
Recognition to IP
rights
Difficult to attain
Reserve Objectives
IP Community Relocation
Protect Watershed Ecosystem and Sustain Clean Potable Water in the City
Cabrestante Study
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T The Relocation Issues
Relocation initiated last week of Nov. 2005
Provided housing with 500sqm area for each
family in So. Solomon (Pag-Asa), Iwahig
Provided initial budget for production and
livelihood for P20,000 and P10,000 for house
building
Providing 3-year relief goods for the
relocated families
RECENT MANAGEMENT ACTION
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SM
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T The Reserve Future Plans
Find additional funding to fully implement
reserve projects
establish ecotourism in the reserve and
identify best location for this plan
Protection measure for the Philippine
panther
Strengthen Watershed Task Force with the
help of AFP Marines
RECENT MANAGEMENT ACTION
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SM
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T The Reserve Future Plans
Find additional funding to fully implement
reserve projects
establish ecotourism in the reserve and
identify best location for this plan
Protection measure for the Philippine
panther
Strengthen Watershed Task Force with the
help of AFP Marines
RECENT MANAGEMENT ACTION
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Reserve resource conservation is low: not
permitted extraction of forest product continue degrading the watershed
Stakeholders participation is declining due to the increase of scarcity felt at present
No stable livelihood that could support daily needs to survive
IEC is not anymore effective to the hungry stakeholders
Government has given little attention to the social dimension
Relocation action has no definite plans and measures to maintain the security of the reserve
CONCLUSION
@irisloterte2005
Th
e P
ala
wa
n F
lora
, F
au
na
& W
ate
rsh
ed
Re
se
rve
PR
OT
EC
TE
D A
RE
A M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T
Finish baseline data built up and computerize database
management to speed up decision-making
Direct Watch Team should be organized
More awareness & be stricter to forest ‘intruders’ & ‘invaders’
Strengthen Permit system Livelihood projects should be put on priorities Schedule IEC according to people’s availability and
proper timing Understand and give more attention to social problem to
forge ideal and appropriate actions Finalize and detail more the management plan Transparency of the budget allotment
RECOMMENDATIONS
@irisloterte2005
Th
e P
ala
wa
n F
lora
, F
au
na
& W
ate
rsh
ed
Re
se
rve
PR
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SM
EN
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IRAWAN
RIVER
Mt. Beaufort
@irisloterte2005
Th
e P
ala
wa
n F
lora
, F
au
na
& W
ate
rsh
ed
Re
se
rve
PR
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D A
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SS
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SM
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#Y
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
# #
#
#
Bacungan
IwahigSimpocan
Irawan
Sta. Lourdes
Montible
80
40
280
260
220
540
340
160
560
120
320
300
400
480
440
520
460
640
680
100
380
660
420
620
700
600
180
760
780
740
720
960
980
102 0 1000
110
0
1060
104
0
1140
1080
1120
1160
1180
640
700
0
260
480
200
100
260
100
740
760
920
820
780
500
480
620
200
60
20
880
40
20
700
40
200
320
860
500
200
780
400
600
260
900
360
460
740
440
360
280
240
300
560
760
380
860
460
300
1060
60
200
220
40
900
80
114
0 280
320
340
0
360
360
720
800
102
0
340
680
340500
260
820
840
340
420
520
740
780
780
320
540
940
200
120
0
760
300
760
700
1020
340
380
220
140
240
140
120
740
300
760
940
120
220
140
420
320
640
700
120
720
680
180
820
420
360
440
40
1000
1060
620
300
660
320
300
180
700
640
880
500
360
660
540
100
1040
20
220
60
780
340
360
20
620
80
320
860
380
420
40
680
400
140
200
460
400
980
300
600
780
760
20
580
440
880
300
660
740
340
960
0
760
480
660
380
200
340
520
280
160
720
120
340
800
160
60
140
680
280
240
900
200
500
660
120
160
200
100
440
120
740
700760
740
720
20
20
380
140
260
360
0
720
760
920
840
60
320620
780
480
400
340
620
800
Tagaud
Iratag
Impapay
Candes I
Masagana
Candes II
Campo Uno
Tagkawayan
Bualbualan
Pinamunuan
Pananlagan
Irawan RiverShirt River
Bals
ahan
Riv
er
Bonto
n R
iver
Bacungan River
Beaufort River
Bual-bualan river
Tagkawayan Creek
Tagkawayan Munit Creek
Tagminatay Creek
Bacungan River
9°4
6' 9
°46
'
9°4
7' 9
°47
'
9°4
8' 9
°48
'
9°4
9' 9
°49
'
9°5
0' 9
°50
'
9°5
1' 9
°51
'
9°5
2' 9
°52
'
9°5
3' 9
°53
'
118°35'
118°35'
118°36'
118°36'
118°37'
118°37'
118°38'
118°38'
118°39'
118°39'
118°40'
118°40'
118°41'
118°41'
PALAWAN FLORA AND FAUNA/
AND WATERSHED FOREST
RESERVE
N
500 0 500 1000 Meters
SCALE 1:70,000
gis3( f):// irawanwatershed.apr 15.03.06_iris
W A T E R S H E D B O U N D A R Y
W A
T E
R S
H E
D B
O U
N D
A R
Y
CADCMt. Beaufort
@irisloterte2005
PR
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Interview with the Bgy. Captain Resuma, Bunkhouse Staff,
IP residents, & Nursey IP worker
PR
OT
EC
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A M
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EN
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SM
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Reconnaissance in So. Tagaud old built up area and witnessing
the relocation of the remaining residents in the reserve area
PR
OT
EC
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The Filtration Building and the Swimming Pool for the public
PR
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The logging road parallel to the Irawan River
from the National Highway and traversing up
to inner reserve area in Bgy. Bacungan.
PR
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SS
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SM
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The crystal clear flowing river water and the
enchanting ecosystems within the forest reserve.
PR
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Different inland water faces of Irawan
River running down to the City
PR
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The promising beauty of forest wilderness of the reserve
PR
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SS
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SM
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The taxonomic beauty of trees existing along the River
PR
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SM
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The endemic & diverse flora found within the reserve.
PR
OT
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SM
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The remaining activities in the Reserve while relocation phase is on going.
PR
OT
EC
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D A
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A M
AN
AG
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EN
T A
SS
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SM
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The Watershed Reserve swimming pool is at stake due to illegal
small-scale quarrying seen in the lower portion of the pool
PR
OT
EC
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D A
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A M
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AG
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EN
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SS
ES
SM
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The Nursery adjacent to the barangay village or the old Sitio built up area
PR
OT
EC
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A M
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SM
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PR
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