Prospects of Deep Field Surveys with Global-MCAO on an ELT

Elisa PortaluriAO4ELT5, 27th June

Partially founded by T-Rex: Premiale

2011

Ottica Adattiva Made

in Italy: Premiale 2014

Recipe

How to study the far Universe BY using only NATURAL stars �and a 40-m telescope�

 E. Portaluri, V. Viotto, R. Ragazzoni, M. Gullieuszik, M. Bergomi, D. Greggio, F. Biondi,  E. Carolo, S. Chinellato, M. Dima, J. Farinato, D. Magrin, L. Marafatto,

G. Umbriaco, and D. Vassallo

 E. Portaluri, V. Viotto, R. Ragazzoni, M. Gullieuszik, M. Bergomi, D. Greggio, F. Biondi,  E. Carolo, S. Chinellato, M. Dima, J. Farinato, D. Magrin, L. Marafatto,

G. Umbriaco, and D. Vassallo

Recipe

How to study the far Universe BY using only Natural stars �and a 40-m telescope�

the Universe cake� �. ingredients �. Steps

�. Fills and Topping

1)  The far Universe:

INGREDIENTS

fundamental questions of modern observational cosmology involve expanding the frontiers of knowledge about the formation of the first stars and galaxies at the

earliest epochs of the cosmic

1)  The far Universe:

INGREDIENTS

Irregulars: (n < 0.5)

Discs: (0.5 > n > 1.0)

Bulges (n > 2.5)

Central compact component?

(n = 5.0)

n = Sérsic index

1)  The far Universe:

INGREDIENTS

Irregulars: (n < 0.5)

Discs: (0.5 > n > 1.0)

Bulges (n > 2.5)

Central compact component?

(n = 5.0)

Galaxies @z~2 have Re smaller than a few Kpc.Populations gradients are more prominent in the inner regions.

àLow mass galaxies are much smaller than HST FWHM

Key questions:- scaling relations for low mass galaxies at high-z- - morphological evolution- transition from early to late-type /star formation quenching- size evolution (?)- colour gradients (?)

INGREDIENTS1)  The Far Universe

2)  A telescope

INGREDIENTS1)  The Far Universe

2)  A telescope

Resolution (arcsec px-1)

Fiel

d of

vie

w (a

rcse

c)

INGREDIENTS1)  The Far Universe

2)  A telescope: - With an adequate AO system

INGREDIENTS1)  The Far Universe

2)  A telescope: - With an adequate AO system

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO

-  aims to exploit a very wide technical field of view to find AO-suitable Natural Guide Stars

-  goal to increase the overall sky coverage and correct a smaller, but adequate scientific FoV.

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO1)  GIUSTO: GMCAO IDL Unreleased Simulation TOol:

- 40 layers (ESO profile)- hmax = 25.2 km @zenit - L0 = 25 m- r0 = 0.129 m @30°, 500 nm

WFs Real DMs Layers profile

Virtual DMs

1 2 3 4

Viotto et al (2015)

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO1)  GIUSTO: GMCAO IDL Unreleased Simulation Tool:

- 40 layers (ESO profile)- hmax = 25.2 km @zenit - L0 = 25 m- r0 = 0.129 m @30°, 500 nm

WFs Real DMs Layers profile

Virtual DMs

1 2 3 4

Viotto et al (2015)

GEMS

GOODS-S

HUDF

CANDELS

CDF-S

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO1)  GIUSTO: GMCAO IDL Unreleased Simulation TOol:2)  Pointing:

- Chandra Deep Field South; RA=3h32m28s; DEC=-27°48’30”- Star Catalog: USNO-B, R-band

1 2 3 4

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO

GOODS-S

HUDF

CANDELS

CDF-S

1)  GIUSTO: GMCAO IDL Unreleased Simulation TOol:2)  Pointing3)  K-band Strehl Ratio: 500”x500” star-poor field,<SR>=0.17

1 2 3 4

GEMS

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO1)  GIUSTO: GMCAO IDL Unreleased Simulation TOol:2)  Pointing3)  K-band Strehl Ratio: PSF construction

1 2 3 4

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO1)  GIUSTO: GMCAO IDL Unreleased Simulation Tool:2)  Pointing3)  K-band Strehl Ratio4)  Simulation of a deep field:

- 10 x 10 grid of 50 x 50 arcsec2

- AETC (Falomo et al. 2011)

- input parameters (van der Wel et al. 2014)

1 2 3 4

log (M/M¤) = 9, 9.3, 9.7, 10, 10.3

z = 0.25, 0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, 2.75

1 arcsec

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAO

OUR RECIPE: Global-MCAOEa

rly ty

pes

Late

type

s

THE FINAL PRODUCTfound

not found

found, 2x2 bin

N

K-band SR

N

K-band SR

Log M/M¤

z

1)  SExtractor completeness: 99.7% (ETGs) - 89.4% (LTGs)

THE FINAL PRODUCT1)  SExtractor completeness: 99.7% (ETGs) - 89.4% (LTGs)2)  GALFIT: Morphology and Photometry -

NO PSF a priori knowledge!

Sérsic index

ETGs LTGs

SR*/SRmodel code

1)  SExtractor completeness: 99.7% (ETGs) - 89.4% (LTGs)2)  GALFIT: Morphology and Photometry3)  Comparison

THE FINAL PRODUCTET

Gs

SRmodel code

1)  SExtractor completeness: 99.7% (ETGs) - 89.4% (LTGs)2)  GALFIT: Morphology and Photometry3)  Comparison

THE FINAL PRODUCTLT

Gs

SR*/SRmodel code

SRmodel code

A GMCAO-assisted ELT-like telescope can carry out photometric surveys

successfully, recovering the morphology and photometry of sample galaxies

adequately

1st result

Appetite comes with eating…

CAKE TOPPINGFeasibility (with GMCAO)

of other surveys

CAKE TOPPINGFeasibility (with GMCAO)

of other surveys

CAKE TOPPING

E-ELTGMTTMT La Palma

Feasibility of other surveys:1) Object visibility (selected dataset)

CAKE TOPPINGFeasibility of other surveys:1)  Object visibility (selected datasets)2)  MW stellar density

Observationally à GAIA (1st release):Log of number of sources in GMCAO TechFoV

8 < g < 18

1.5 2.1 2.7 3.3 3.9

CAKE TOPPINGFeasibility of other surveys:1)  Object visibility (selected datasets)2)  MW stellar density

Observationally à GAIA (1st release):Log of number of sources in GMCAO TechFoV

8 < g < 18

1.5 2.1 2.7 3.3 3.9

CAKE TOPPINGFeasibility of other surveys:1)  Object visibility (selected dataset)2)  MW stellar density

Theoretically à TRILEGAL (Girardi+2005) for dependance:latitude & longitude

R < 18

CAKE TOPPINGFeasibility of other surveys:1)  Object visibility (selected dataset)2)  MW stellar density3)  Asterism mean radius for available NGSs

MonteCarlo simulation for statistics

CAKE TOPPINGFeasibility of other surveys:1)  Object visibility (selected dataset)2)  MW stellar density3)  Asterism mean radius for available NGSs

COSMOS SURVEY

CAKE TOPPINGCOSMOS SURVEY: SR preliminary results

WHAT’S NEXT?

1)  SR maps of other surveys

2)  Any other science cases where NGSs are preferable to LSGs…

3)  Other recipes...?

The era of the next generation of giant telescopes requires not only the advent of new technologies but also the development of novel methods,

in order to exploit fully the extraordinary potential they are built for.

GMCAO pursues this approach, with the goal of achieving good performance over a field of view of a few arcmin and an increase in sky

coverage.

ensinginthe

eraWhen: 2-4 Oct 2017Where: Padova (Italy)Web site: https://www.ict.inaf.it/indico/event/521/(or just Google the title…)