Prospects Of Biofertilizers

CONTENT

 • Biofertilizers• Biofertilizers: an ecofriendly way to replace chemical

fertilizers• Types of Biofertilizers

-Nitrogen fixers- Phosphrous & Phosphate suppliers

• Comparative overview of chemical fertilizers & Biofertilizers

• Advantages of Biofertilizers• Limitations of Biofertilizers• Future strategies• Conclusion

DEFINATION

Biofertilizers includes selective microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, algae which are capable of fixing atmospheric N or convert insoluble phosphate and other salts in the soil into forms available to plants.

BIOFERTILIZERS: AN ECOFRIENDLY WAY TO REPLACE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

• Increasing use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture make country self dependent in food production but it destroy environment and cause harmful impacts on living beings.

• When chemical fertilizers are excessively and continuously used for a few years, they may create acidity or alkalinity in the soil and deteriorate the quality of soil.

• The excess uses of chemical fertilizers in agriculture are costly.

• Biofertilizers are low cost effective and eco-friendly fertilizers which work without disturbing nature.

• They improve soil texture, pH, and other properties of soil and serve as a good substitute of chemical fertilizers.

Nutrients are taken up primarily by the roots in the form of an aqueous

solution in the soil

Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O carbohydrates (CHO)

+ O2

Major Cause: Nutrient Deficiency

In Soil

TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZERS:-•Nitrogen fixers1. Symbiotic: Rhizobium2. Non symbiotic: Azotobacter, Azospirillum,

Blue green algae & Azolla.

•Phosphrous & Phosphate supplier1. Phosphrous & Phosphate solubiliser:

Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus2. Phosphate absorber: V.A.Mycorrhiza

(VAM fungi)

Rhizobium:-It is used for pulses crops (leguminous plants)  it is available in packets and seed is treated with rhizobium before sowing.

Azotobactor:- It can be used for other than leguminous (onion, brinjal, cabbage, tomato, maize and potato).

 Azospirillum:-It is a non-symbiotic bacteria that can fix nitrogen independently in the soil particularly suites to grass family crops such as maize, jawar, bajra, ragi, and sugar cane.

NITROGEN FIXERS:-

Azolla:-Azolla is a small aquatic fern with a branched stem and bilobed leave.It is used in rice crops as green manure form and dual crop form.

Blue green Algae:-It is suitable for only rice crop and Various experiments have proved that the use of algae increases the rice yield by 10-15%.

• Phosphobacteria is sold in polythene pockets, this bacteria can convert unavailable form of phosphorus into available form by solublizing.

• Bacteria like Pseudomonas and Bacillus are also important phosphorus solubilizing soil microorganisms.

• Many fungi like Aspergillus and Penicillium are potential solubilizers of phosphates.

• Vesicular Arbuscular  Mycorrhiza(VAM):- It provides nutrients (especially the immobile ions such as phosphate, zinc and micronutrients) to the plants.

PHOSPHATE & PHOSPHROUS SUPPLIER:-

COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER AND BIOFERTILIZERS

Factors Chemical fertilizers Biofertilizers

Production Industrial, centralized Biological, small scale or decentralized

Process chemical Biological

Raw materials and energy budget

Fossil fuel & others imported, based on non-renewable energy sources, energy intensive

Atmospheric nitrogen for nitrogen fixers, unavailable P for PSM and VAM, Organic residues for compost decomposing organisms.Indigeous and local, based on renewable energy sources very low energy bill.

Efficiency 40-45% for nitrogenous fertilizers ,25-33% or phosphatic fertilizers.Heavy N losses due to leaching, P availability decreased due to fixation.

About 90% efficiency. Losses due to leaching, fixation are negligible.

Cost High Cost Low Cost

Pollution effect Exists due to discriminate use Pollution free

Soil health Indiscriminate use deteriorates the soil health

Improves the soil health

ADVANTAGES:-

• Increase crop yield by 25%• They provide biological nitrogen directly to plants.• They help in solubilization & mineralization of other

plants nutrients like phosphates.• Stimulate plant growth. • They improve soil properties and maintain soil

fertility.• They are eco-friendly and pollution free. • They are cheap & can help to reduce fertilizer

consumption.• Plays important role in the recycling of plant

nutrients.

LIMITATIONS OF BIOFERTILIZERS:-

•Shorter self life(6 month).•Sensitivity to temperature.•More chance of contamination.•Lack of instant visual effects on

application.•Nutrient provided by them is not enough

for high yield.

FUTURE STRATEGIES:-

•Quality:- Any new method to be adopted by farmers has to face initial resistance. To overcome this significant exhibition of Biofertilizers as a highly input extensiveagricultural system, need to be demonstrated.

It is very important that the product entering the market is of standard quality and has passed through legal laws or quality.

•Role of Government in Promoting the use of Biofertilizers:-

The Government should encourage the private firms and research institutes to come together cooperate and promote training extension activity at farm level for farmers.Here the research institutes have a great responsibility towards ensuring the correct and the high quality product enters the market along with Government and thereby ensuring that sub-standard product do not enter the market.

CONCLUSION

•Rich nutrients in Biofertilizers nutritious the soil, prevents the soil erosion and compaction, and give uninterrupted and healthy crop growths.

THANK YOU !!!!

PRESENTED BY:

RAJ D VAKIL

GUIDED BY:-

PALAK TRIVEDI