Prospects for the Application of Anaerobic Digestion ... 2_1_Public... · (KAPET program), real...
Transcript of Prospects for the Application of Anaerobic Digestion ... 2_1_Public... · (KAPET program), real...
by:
Rudy A. ArifinHead of Subdirectorate of Municipal Solid Waste Management
Prospects for the Application of Anaerobic Digestion Process to Treat Municipal Solid Waste/MSW
in Indonesia
National Workshop on Pro-Poor and Sustainable Waste Management
in Secondary Cities and Small Town
Directorate of Environmental Sanitation DevelopmentDirectorate General of Human Settlements
Ministry of Public Works and HousingRepublic of Indonesia
2014
I N D O N E S I A Population 2012 : 244,723,038, with annual growth rate 1.49 % Area : 5,180,053 km2
Number of provinces : 34 Number of cities/districts : 511 Number of metropolitan/big/medium cities: 10/13/56 Daily MSW generation in urbanized area: 76,305 tons
ARAS SPASIAL TUJUAN PENDEKATAN RUANG LINGKUP KEGIATAN KETERPADUAN PROGRAM
1. Regional To handle in the regional level between cities or districts
To develop a regional handling
MSW treatment plant Regional landfill
Clean Development Mechanism/Kyoto Protocol
Waste to Energy
2. City To improve the level of coverage and performance of MSWhandling system, to achieve the minimum level standard of service
To improve the access to service
To assist the construction of MSW treatment plant with sanitary landfill process
To assist the improvement of overall MSW handling system
To assist the development of MSW at the city/district level
IUIDP (Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development Program)
Adipura prize for city cleanliness
3. Community To reduce the MSW quantity and polution potential, for optimizing the transport and further treatment processes
To reduce and partially treat MSW
To facilitate the construction of 3R infrastructures
To provide the collection and transportation infrastructures
Priority area (KADAL program), regional economic development (KAPET program), real estate program, and MSW treatment plant program
4. Neighbourhood To enforce reduce, reuse, and recycle of the MSW
To enforce the community involvement
To educate from school level
To disseminate the campaign for MSWseparation at the MSW source
To endorse the 3R activity Pilot project of 3R
infrastructures
Green & Clean Cityprogram
5. Household To reduce the quantity of organic MSW from the source of MSWgeneration
To treat organic MSW to solid compost
To endorse the composting process or organic MSW at the household level
Composting of organic MSW program
The Levels ofMSW Handling System
Spatial Goal Approach Activity Compatibility
The Paradigm ofMSW Handling System in Indonesia
OLD NEW
MSW
Collection
Transport
Disposal
Reduce
Reuse MSW Recycle
Residue
Transport
Treatment
MSWHANDLING
SYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY
FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION
LEGALCOMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENT
Aspects inMSW Handling System
Target based on the Medium Term National Development Plan 2010-20141. To increase the MSW collection by 75%.2. To increase the performance of landfills in 210
cities.3. To reduce MSW quantity and polution
potential.
Program1. To promote 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle)
activities .2. To educate through campaign.3. To enhance institutional development.4. To optimize and develop MSW infrastructures.5. To revitalize landfill and apply the regional
system for landfill.6. To promote private investment.
Policy1. To reduce MSW generation rate and
polutant potential, from household level.2. To increase the role of community and
private sector as a partner in MSWhandling.
3. To increase the service coverage and performance of MSW handling system.
4. To develop the institution and legal aspects.
5. To find the alternative of financial resources.
Policy at the National Level
To optimize the use of existing infrastructures.
To increase the service coverage.
To increase the capacity of MSW infrastructure.
To revitalize the landfill.
To optimize the current landfill process towards controlled landfill (for small and medium cities) and sanitary landfill (for big and metropolitan cities).
To increase the implementation of regional landfill.
To perform research in appropriate and environmental friendly technologies.
Strategy at the National Level
In line with the Ministry of Public Works Strategic Plan.
Listed in the cities’/regencies’ Medium Term Investment Plan Document.
Listed in the City Sanitation Strategy (Program Memorandum is preferred)
In line with the duty of the Directorate General of Human Settlements.
Other criterion:
The availability of managing institution.
The availability of land, detail engineering design, and environmental impact assesment.
MoU between local governments (for regional landfill).
Readiness Criterion to GetTechnical Assistance from Central Government – (1)
Commitment to optimize the existing infrastructures.
Commitment from the Local Government to:
Sign the MoU and allocate adequate funding for institution strengthening as well as for operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of the infrastructures.
Developing and/or provide supporting infrastructures.
Prepare the Loan Proposal and Loan Acceptance by the Local Government.
Clarify the performance indicators, as well as the program output and outcome.
Readiness Criterion to GetTechnical Assistance from Central Government – (2)
As the policy of Ministry of Public Works, in regards to provide the basic need, thus landfill technology has currently been selected as the most efficient technology that can be affordably operated by Municipalities
An urge to provide other technologies than landfill, has marked the construction of institutional base MSW treatment plants, as has been constructed in Kota Bima, Kota Banda Aceh, and Kota Tangerang Selatan, as prototype
However, Ministry of Public Works pushes the construction of institutional base MSW treatment plants that can generate income in an adequate amount, to the private parties through the PPP scheme
From these perspectives, Ministry of Public Works focuses on the communal base MSW treatment plants, with the capacity to serve 100-200 households/day or equal to 1.5-3.0 m3 of mixed MSW/day
Communal Base vs Institutional Base
The scarcity of land in cities for construction of landfill, as the solely centralized MSW treatment plants
The need to push the technological concept “the highest ratio between MSW treatment capacity within the smallest requirement of areas, in affordable cost and ability to be operated-maintained-rehabilitated”
The initial step through the aerobic (windrow composting) process, that has been commonly practised and spread in almost 500 locations all over Indonesia, with the communal-base mechanisms
Passive aerobic process would not be able to cope the small requirement of space, due to the shallow organic waste heap height as the limiting factor
The process modification through anaerobic process that can be more resilient in term of organic waste heap height, enriched with the double-stage anaerobic process to enhance the process performance
Additional by-products can be harvested through anaerobic process, such as biogas, as the renewable energy source, that can be used as the partial substitution of energy for cooking purposes, with the communal base mechanism
Process Selection
MSW treatment plants with communal base:
module SIKIPAS
(SIstem Komunal
Instalasi Pengolahan Anaerobik Sampah)
leachatecollectionunit
hydrolysis unit
leachate resirculationunit
biogas generation unit
electricity generationunit
biogasmeasurementunit
biogascombustionunit
20 days of anaerobic process + 20 days of aerobic process
adjusted pHto 6.5-7.5
liquidcompost
solidcompost
biogas
Process Flow
Process Specification
operating capacity
types of MSW
process
detention time
by-products generation potential
energy conversion potential
space requirements
operation-maintenenacecost
GHG emission tackled potential
1 m3/day ; 0.6 ton/day ; 400 households/day ; 2,000 inhabitants /day
shredded organic waste
combination of anaerobic and aerobic process
20 days (anaerobic) + 20 days (aerobic)
solid compost (300 kg/day), liquid compost (150 liters/day), and biogas (97.5 m3/day)
121.8 kWh (netto) ≈ average requirements of energy in each house (in Indonesia) for 10 days
1,350 m2 (including supportive units)
IDR 20,000/household/month
825.6 kg CO2(eq)/day
Comparison with Other Processes
indicatoranaerobic process
(Module SIKIPAS)
aerobic process
(Windrow Composting)vermicomposting
detention time (days) 40 40 15
area requirements for
main process units (m2)30 40 33.75
ratio of operating
capacity and area
requirements for main
process units (m3 of
organic MSW/day/m2 of
space)
0.050 0.0375 0.042
investment cost (IDR) 400-525 millions 400-525 millions 400-525 millions
annual operation-
maintenance cost
(IDR/year)
30-55 millions 20-45 millions 30-55 millions
(excluded the helminth)
Achievements
periods achievements
September 2011 Directorate of Environmental Sanitation Development planned to improve the performance of TPS 3R
January 2012 named as Modul SIKIPAS and the design was presented in MDGS exhibition in Balai Kartini, Jakarta
Februariy2012 design was presented in Clean Ciliwung River Exhibition, Jakarta
May 2012 design was presented in World Water Day Exhibition in Ministry of Public Works, Jakarta
September 2012 the completion of construction and commissioning in Army Special Task Force Headquarter, Jakarta
October 2012 design was presented in Asian Pacific Landfill Symposium (APLAS) Bali 2012, Bali
December 2013 the completion of construction and commissioning in Cipinang Detention Centre, Jakarta
May 2014 design was presented in World Water Day Exhibition in Ministry of Public Works, Jakarta
August 2014 design was presented in 24th EAROPH (Eastern Regional Organization for Planning and Human Settlements) World Congress, Jakarta
October 25th, 2014 got 2nd rank (category of appropriate technology) in National Construction Award 2014, which was awarded by Minister of Public Works
November 13rd-15th, 2014
design (3D mimic diagram) is presented in Bandung Institute of Technology alumni commemoration (class of 1974), Bandung