International SymposiumInternational SymposiumInternational SymposiumInternational Symposium

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan

GBEPGBEPGBEPGBEP

Tokyo International ForumTokyo International ForumTokyo International ForumTokyo International Forum

Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy

Shinya Yokoyama

Tottori University of Environmental Studies

Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of JapanThe Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan 2011. 11. 17

Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy

Yokoyama

Tottori University of Environmental Studies

Prospects for Japan’s Biomass Energy

Transitions in Japan’s Primary Energy

Supply Volume

Oil

Natural

GasHydraulic

Power

Coal

Atomic

PowerNew Energy – Geothermal Energy, etc.

source: The （（（（Fiscal year

Transitions in Japan’s Primary Energy

Supply Volume

Geothermal Energy, etc.

Non-fossil Energy

he Energy Whitepaper of the Ministry of Economy,

Trade and Industry（（（（2010））））

Fossil Energy

Fiscal year））））

Situation in the Use of Biomass in Japan

and the World

Europe

North America

Oceania

TOTAL

Africa

OECD

Biomass

Central America

China

The old Soviet Union

Non-OECD Europe

Middle East

China

Non-

OECD

Asia（（（（ China is excluded.））））

World TOTAL

（（（（Japan））））（（（（source））））

Situation in the Use of Biomass in Japan

and the World（（（（2007））））Primary Energy

SupplyBiomass

Share

Storage and Use Ratio of Biomass in Japan

（（（（2006

A n im a l fe c e s

A p p ro x im a te ly 8 7 m i llio n tU s e d a s c o m p o s t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly 9 0 %

Sto ra g e a n d U s e R a tio o f B io m a s s in J a p a n (2 0 0 6 )

U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch

U sed a s b u ild in g m a te r ia ls , c om pos t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly

Waste biomass S e w a g e s lu d g e

A p p ro x im a te ly 7 5 m illio n t

W a s te p a p e r A p p ro x im a te ly

B la c k liq u o r A p p ro x im a te ly

7 0 m ill io n t

source: Secretariat Materials for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and

Industry Biomass Utilization Promotion Committee

I

I

I

IU sed a s fe rt il iz e rs a nd a n im al fe e d a nd su ch

U se d a s m a te r ia ls fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g p a pe r a n d ca rd b oa rd , e n e rg y a nd s u ch

U sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r, b e dd in g m ate ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch

IU sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r a nd su ch

IU sed a s com pos t, fe ed , b e dd in g m a te ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch

U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch Waste biomass

Unused biomass

F o o d w a s te

A p p ro x im a te ly 2 0 m i llio n t

W a s te p a p e r A p p ro x im a te ly

3 7 m ill io n t

L u m b e r re s id u e s A p p ro x im a te ly

4 .3 m i llio n t

F o re s try re s id u e s A p p ro x im a te ly

3 .4 m i llio n t

N o n -e d ib le p o r tio n s o f fa rm c ro p s

A p p ro x im a te ly 1 4 m i llio n t

W o o d w a s te A p p ro x im a te ly

4 .7 m i llio n t

Storage and Use Ratio of Biomass in Japan

2006））））

I U s e d a s c o m p o s t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly 9 0 %

I U n u s e d

Sto ra g e a n d U s e R a tio o f B io m a s s in J a p a n (2 0 0 6 )

U s e d a s e n e rg y A p p ro x im a te ly 1 0 0 %

U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch A pp ro x im a te ly 6 0% U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 4 0 %

U sed a s b u ild in g m a te r ia ls , c om pos t a n d s u c h A p p ro x im a te ly 7 0%

A p p ro x im a te ly 1 0 %

U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 3 0 %

source: Secretariat Materials for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and

Industry Biomass Utilization Promotion Committee（（（（2010））））

I

*T h is is th e la te s t b io m a s s d a ta a s o f D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 6 .

U sed a s fe rt il iz e rs a nd a n im al fe e d a nd su ch A pp ro x im ate ly 2 0%

U n u s e d a p p ro x im a te ly 8 0 %

U se d a s m a te r ia ls fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g p a pe r a n d ca rd b oa rd , e n e rg y a nd s u ch A p p ro x im a te ly 9 5% I

U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 5 % U sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r, b e dd in g m ate ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch

A ppro x im a te ly 7 0% U nu sed A pp rox im a te ly 3 0%

U sed a s m a te ria ls fo r m anu fa c tu rin g p a pe r a nd su ch A pp ro x im a te ly 2%

U sed a s com pos t, fe ed , b e dd in g m a te ria l fo r a n im a ls a n d su ch App ro x im a te ly 3 0%

U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 7 0 %

H a rd ly u s e d

U sed a s raw m ate ria ls , e n e rg y a n d su ch A pp ro x im a te ly 6 0% U n u s e d A p p ro x im a te ly 4 0 %

2002/1 Revised government ordinance for New Energy Law

2002/6 Adaption of Renewable energy Portfolio Standard

2003/4 Enforcement of RPS Law

2004/8 Solicitation for Biomass Town Concepts

2006/3 Review of the “Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies”

2006/5 New National Energy Plan from METI

2006/11 Bioethanol 6,000,000kL Concept

2007/2 Extensive Production of domestic Bio Fuels (progress chart)

2008/3 Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan

Toward Biomass Utilization in Japan

2008/3 Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan

2008/5 Agriculture, Forest and Marin Organism for Bioenergy Act

2009/9 Basic Law for Biomass Utilization Promotion

2009/8 Law for Enhancement of Energy Supply Structure

2009/12 Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan

2010/6 Basic Energy Plan

2010/12 Master Plan for Promotion of Biomass Utilization

2011/3/11 Cabinet Decision on a System

2011/8 Special Measure Law concerning procurement of recyclable energy electricity

by electricity entrepreneurs

（ From July, 2012 to an enforcement schedule

System for Total Volume Purchase of Recyclable Energy

Revised government ordinance for New Energy Law

of Renewable energy Portfolio Standard（RPS） Law

Solicitation for Biomass Town Concepts

of the “Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies”

New National Energy Plan from METI

2006/11 Bioethanol 6,000,000kL Concept

Extensive Production of domestic Bio Fuels (progress chart)

Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan

Toward Biomass Utilization in Japan

Bio Fuel Technology Reform Plan

2008/5 Agriculture, Forest and Marin Organism for Bioenergy Act

Basic Law for Biomass Utilization Promotion

Law for Enhancement of Energy Supply Structure

and Forestry Revitalization Plan

Master Plan for Promotion of Biomass Utilization

em for Total Volume Purchase of Recyclable Energy

Special Measure Law concerning procurement of recyclable energy electricity

From July, 2012 to an enforcement schedule ）System for Total Volume Purchase of Recyclable Energy

Biomass Energy Conversion Technology

power generation

cogeneration

gasification

direct liquefaction

THERMOCHEMICAL

CONVERSIONpyrolysis

BIOMASS

direct liquefaction

indirect liquefaction

trans

alcohol fermentation

anaerobic digestion

solidification

carbonization

BIOCHEMICAL

CONVERSION

OTHERS

BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Conversion Technology

gaseous fuel

power generation

cogeneration

gasification

direct liquefaction

electricity

electricity, heat

oil

pyrolysis oil

direct liquefaction

indirect liquefaction

trans esterification

alcohol fermentation

anaerobic digestion

solidification

carbonization

oil

methanol, DME, gasoline

biodiesel

ethanol

methane

pellet

charcoal

BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Energy Utilization of woody Biomass and Plant Size

source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The second edition, 2005)

Energy Utilization of woody Biomass and Plant Size

source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The second edition, 2005)

Number of Plants Using Woody Biomass

Direct combustion for thermal use：：：：Direct combustion for power generation ：：：：（（（（including cogeneration））））Gasification：：：：

：：：：Pellet：：：：Liquid fuel production：：：：Solid fuel production：：：：Biethanol production：：：：Others：：：：Mixed treatment with food paste：：：：

source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)

Number of Plants Using Woody Biomass

162

：：：： 111

29

126

3

10

3

11

3

source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)

Overview of Ethanol Production Processes

starch

sugar

hydrolysis

1st generation bioethanol

wood

hydrolysis

hydrolysispre-treatment

2nd generation bioethanol

Overview of Ethanol Production Processes

sugar

fermentation

fermentationhydrolysis distillationfermentation

fermentation

hydrolysis

hydrolysis

distillation

CO-PRODUCTS

Promotion of bio fuel manufacturing technology

development, efficiency proof, and practical application

Bioethanol（（（（31,000 ｋｋｋｋL)

○○○○ Hokkaido-Bioetanol Inc., Hokuren, JA

Shimizu-cho, Kamikawa-gun, Hokkaido

Facility capability 15 thousand ｋｋｋｋL Materials

○○○○ Oenon Holdings, Inc .

Tomakomaishi, Hokkaido

ｋｋｋｋTomakomaishi, Hokkaido

Facility capability 15 thousand ｋｋｋｋL

○○○○ National Federation of Agricultural Co

Niigata-shi, Niigata

Facility capability 1 thousand ｋｋｋｋL

Bio diesel fuel （（（（13 thousand ｋｋｋｋ○○○○ Toyama-shi, Toyama

Shiogama-shi, MIyagi

Iwaki-shi, Fukushima

Kyoto-shi, Kyoto

Promotion of bio fuel manufacturing technology

development, efficiency proof, and practical application

Hokaaido-Central Association etc.

Materials Surplus reutilization, substandard wheat

Materials Inedible rice

National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Associations （（（（JA-zennoh））））Materials Inedible rice

ｋｋｋｋL)

Biogas Production from Waste Biomass

Feedstock(animal dung,

garbage, sludge, etc)

decomposition

(solubilization)

Thermal utilization, Power generation

Cogeneration, Transport fuel, Fuel cellCogeneration, Transport fuel, Fuel cell

Liquid fertilizer, Compost

Biogas Production from Waste Biomass

decomposition

(solubilization)

substance of low

mol.weight

acid formationacid formation

biogas

waste water

treatment

Number of Plants Using Wastey Biomass

[Animal waste]

Thermal use of biogas：

Power generation of biogas：

Direct combustion：

Others：

[Animal and food waste]

Thermal use of biogas：

source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)

Thermal use of biogas：

[Food waste]

Power generation of biogas from solid waste：

Thermal use of biogas from solid waste：

Power generation of biogas from liquid waste：

Direct combustion for power and thermal use：

Gasification：

BDF production：

BDF production and use：

BIoethanol production：

Number of Plants Using Wastey Biomass

23

39

7

3

26

source: NEDO Guidebook for introduction of biomass energy(The third edition, 2010)

26

： 31

30

： 17

： 23

3

22

12

11

Forests and Forestry Revitalization Plan

Aiming at more than 50% self-

Toward an increase of lumber production volume

from 18 million m3 to 40 million

Basic concepts

1. Providing and Sustaining multi-functional roles of forests

2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional 2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional

resources

3. Contribution to a low-carbon society by expanding wood use for

material and energy by expanding wood use for both material and energy

Points to be considered

1. Enhancement of forestry administration and technology

2. Use of forest resources

3. System innovations and effective budget use

Forests and Forestry Revitalization Plan

-supply ratio of lumber by 2020

Toward an increase of lumber production volume

to 40 million—50 million m3

functional roles of forests

2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional 2. Revitalizing, forestry and wood industry in a form that utilizes reasional

carbon society by expanding wood use for both

material and energy by expanding wood use for both material and energy

1. Enhancement of forestry administration and technology

3. System innovations and effective budget use

Prospects for the use of Biomass

○○○○ Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies

○○○○ Basic Law for Promotion of use of Biomass

○○○○ Law on Agriculture, Forestry and Marin Organism for Biofuel

○○○○ Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan

○○○○ “Sixth industrialization” of rural area

☆☆☆☆ Vitalization of rural Area ☆☆☆☆ Nurturing of strategic industries

☆☆☆☆ Employment promotion ☆☆☆☆ Strengthening of international competitiveness

☆☆☆☆ Stable supply of food ☆☆☆☆ Diversification of energy supply sources

☆☆☆☆ Prevention of global warming ☆☆☆☆ Realization of a cyclical society

☆☆☆☆ Utilization of biomass debris for reconstruction after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake

○○○○ “Sixth industrialization” of rural area

○○○○ Feed-in tariff system for renewable energy

Prospects for the use of Biomass

Biomass Nippon Comprehensive Strategies

Basic Law for Promotion of use of Biomass

Law on Agriculture, Forestry and Marin Organism for Biofuel

Forest and Forestry Revitalization Plan

“Sixth industrialization” of rural area

Nurturing of strategic industries

Strengthening of international competitiveness

Diversification of energy supply sources ☆☆☆☆ Establishment of village

Realization of a cyclical society

Utilization of biomass debris for reconstruction after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake

“Sixth industrialization” of rural area

in tariff system for renewable energy

Thank you very much

for your kind attention.

Shinya Yokoyama

yokoyama@kankyo

Thank you very much

for your kind attention.

Shinya Yokoyama

yokoyama@kankyo-u.ac.jp