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Prospective Developments at CWPRS: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges
Report Submitted to the World Bank
P.Y. Julien
February 2013
Prospective Developments at CWPRS i
Disclosure
This report has been prepared under the technical assistance programme on
"Capacity Building for Integrated Water Resources Development and
Management in India". The Trust Fund is funded by UK aid from the UK
Government and managed by the World Bank. The views expressed do not
necessarily reflect official policies from the UK Government or from the
World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein
should not be attributed to UK aid or to the World Bank or its affiliated
organizations. UK aid and the World Bank do not endorse any specific firm
and companies listed in the report.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS ii
Executive Summary
The Central Water and Power Research Station was established in 1916 by
the then Bombay Presidency. During the period 2007-2012, the average
annual production at CWPRS included 100 technical reports submitted to
project authorities. Today, under the Ministry of Water Resources of India, 250 studies are conducted at the Research Station at any given time. Sound
engineering design is currently practiced and the projects handled at
CWPRS have a national perspective and international potential.
The development of water and power resources emerges as a key national
priority as India rises among economically powerful nations. The challenges in water and power at the national scale include:
Demographic expansion - The population of India has increased from
1.02 billion in 2001 to 1.21 billion people in 2012. The supply of potable water to every household is not a luxury, but a necessity.
Increasing energy demand – The hydropower demand increased from
12.7 to 18.5 Million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) from 2006-2011. This will require expanded facilities for research on water-related
infrastructure.
Nuclear and thermal power plants – The demand for nuclear power
more than doubled from 6.04 to 14.16 MTOE during the period 2006-2011. The appropriate design of water cooling facilities is critical to
the safe operation of nuclear and thermal power plants. The
Fukushima nuclear disaster is a reminder of the type of catastrophic event that must be prevented. The design of these plants at CWPRS
requires qualified and experienced engineers.
Aging infrastructure – In India, almost 1000 dams (out of 4291 in
1994) were built before 1971 and are more than 40 years old. Most dams need to be retrofitted to meet the present day demands.
Liquefaction of dams - Earthquakes cause damages to the hydraulic
infrastructures and research on soil-water foundations is necessary to prevent disasters from liquefaction and flood waves from dam breaks.
Tsunami research – The Banda Aceh tsunami of December 26, 2004
has devastated the east coast of India. No physical modeling
capability is currently available for tsunami research in India. Therefore, an urgent need to build a tsunami research facility exists.
Granted appropriate resources, CWPRS would be the best place for
conducting coastal engineering research on tsunamis.
Devastating floods – Unprecedented floods have caused tremendous
damage in recent decades. For example, 5,000 people died in the
Maharashtra Flood of July 26, 2005 when Mumbai received 944 mm
of rain in 24 hours.
CWPRS is currently understaffed to meet the emerging opportunities and challenges. CWPRS used to have 1857 sanctioned position in 2001, and
this number declined to 1172 in 2012. Given the increasing challenges at
the national scale, this 36% decrease in manpower at CWPRS cannot be explained. Obviously, there is an urgent need to increase the number of
sanctioned positions in order to meet the challenges and opportunities of the
new millennium.
The difficulties of the present situation are compounded by the fact that the
investment in research infrastructure has also been minimal since 1998.
CWPRS received $21,358,678 million USD for infrastructure support, equipment and training from the UNDP from 1970-1998. Since 1998, the
lack of investment in the research infrastructure has been detrimental to the
overall research operations at CWPRS.
The potential for development at CWPRS is tremendous. CWPRS should
keep its focus on meeting national needs. The massive national demand for water-related infrastructure should ensure continuous support and
relevance for generations to come. CWPRS should continue to support
experimental research while developing numerical models. The expansion of physical modeling capabilities in conjunction with computer models can lift
CWPRS among the elite institutions of the world.
There is an urgent need for major capital investment to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The following large facilities are essential to meet the
needs for the new water-related research areas:
• A new flume for tsunami research • Eco-hydraulic research facilities
• Hydro-vibration research facilities • Hydro-thermal laboratory facilities
Two new buildings are needed at the present time to support the research on water-related infrastructure of the new millennium:
• Center for Eco-Hydraulic Research (CEHR) • Welcome Center with Administrative Services (WCAS)
The needs for equipment, software and training cannot be overemphasized given that it has been 15 years since a major investment in infrastructure
and equipment has been made at CWPRS. To meet the daunting challenges
of designing a world-class water-related infrastructure, like thermal and nuclear power plants that are facing tsunamis, floods, and earthquakes, the
engineers and scientists at CWPRS need to be equipped with the latest
technology. The needs for building renovations, personnel training,
equipment and software are detailed in this report.
It is impossible to envision growth and development in India without water
and power. With adequate support, resources and facilities, CWPRS will not only proactively meet the ever increasing demands and challenges in water
and power in India, it will also become a world-class Center of Excellence.
The ten most important recommendations of this report are to:
Set priority on national water-related infrastructure: With excellent
research staff and facilities, and adequate funding from the Ministry of
Water Resources, the mandate of CWPRS should focus on meeting the national challenges.
Renovate existing buildings: The renovation of twelve buildings in
disrepair must be a top priority. Continuous power is also needed.
Upgrade laboratories and large facilities: The ability to keep large
scale laboratory facilities should eventually turn into one of the most important assets at CWPRS. This can eventually be used to gain a
competitive edge over peer institutions around the world.
Construct two new buildings: Two new buildings are needed to support the research needs of the new millennium: a Center for Eco-
Hydraulic Research; and a Welcome Center with Administrative
Services.
Build new research facilities in emerging research areas: New
laboratory facilities are required for research on tsunamis, eco-hydraulic research, thermal facilities and vibration technology.
Focus on environmental issues: This may be the most daunting challenge facing CWPRS and India. As much as CWPRS has always
aimed at public safety in their design of large infrastructure, a new
emphasis applicable to all disciplines should gradually focus on environmental issues for a better quality of life.
Seek autonomous status: The autonomous status would be very beneficial to CWPRS.
Recruit 200 new research officers: An appropriate number of support staff should also be added to assist research officers.
Hire and retain the best: CWPRS should have the authority to hire
their new employees. CWPRS should also have the authority to dismiss non-performing employees from their functions. The
increased responsibility of CWPRS engineers and scientists designing
the water-related infrastructure for public safety has to be recognized.
Increase the budget: An absolute minimum of 90 crores
(~$18,000,000 USD) is required for the investment in research infrastructure, facilities, research equipment, computers and
software. An additional increase to the operational budget of 20
crores needs to be added every year to support and train an increasing number of research officers and support staff.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS iii
Acknowledgments
I would like to express my sincere thanks to CWPRS Director Dr. I.D. Gupta.
His participation in the capacity building process has been truly exemplary. Simply put, this report would not have been possible without his
contributions. His direct participation and involvement in most meetings,
discussions and laboratory visits has been a source of inspiration. My two week visits have been most productive because of the relentless effort of his
management team and I particularly thank all the Joint Directors (M.N.
Singh, V.G. Bhave, V.V. Bhosekar, M.D. Kudale, T. Nagendra, S. Govindan,
R.S. Ramteke, S. Dhayalan, P.K. Goel…) for their great effort in explaining the breadth of activities in their respective disciplines. The discussions and
valuable input from the past directors Mrs Bendre and Dr. Tarapore were
also greatly appreciated. To all, I am grateful for the opportunity to visit CWPRS and for the lively and productive meetings.
I would like to sincerely thank the following individuals, whose help made this report possible:
Dr. Anju Gaur of the World Bank for her repeated expression of confidence in my work and for her undeterred conviction that the
outcome of this report would be significant
Julienne Roux of the World Bank office in New Delhi for her
constructive comments, and
John Prakash of the World Bank in Washington, DC, for his help with
the travel arrangements and reimbursements.
The acknowledgements would not be complete without a note of thanks to my wife Dr. Helga Julien for her repeated support and encouragements to
complete this report within a shortened time frame. Finally, the report of
Das et al. (2012) served as an example to follow regarding formatting issues.
In this report, I have attempted to express my views in the most constructive
perspective. I shared a lot of ideas and perhaps none will be retained for the future of CWPRS. If only a few recommendations are implemented, the
entire effort will prove to be worthwhile. None of my comments is intended
to be critical of the current activities or management of CWPRS. Director Dr. I.D. Gupta and his team are doing an excellent job with the limited
resources available to them. I sincerely hope this report will lead CWPRS to
the world-class level to which it aspires.
Pierre Y. Julien, Ph.D., P.Eng.
February 14, 2013
Prospective Developments at CWPRS iv
Table of Contents
Page No.
Disclosure i
Executive Summary ii
Acknowledgments iii
Table of Contents iv
1. Introduction and Objectives 7
2. Current Status 8
3. National Perspective 18
4. International Perspective 21
5. Opportunities and Challenges 25
6. Recruitment and Training 35
6.1 Recruitment 36
6.2 Training 37
7. Infrastructure and Research Facilities 42
7.1 Existing building renovation 42
7.2 New large research facilities 45
7.3 New buildings for emerging research 46
8. Equipment and Software 48
9. Operational Management and Budget 51
10. Summary and Recommendations 58
10.1 Summary 58
10.2 Recommendations 61
References 63
Appendix - A: Training Needs 64
Appendix - B: Equipment and Software Needs 85
Prospective Developments at CWPRS
1. Introduction and Objectives
A thorough benchmarking review of the Central Water and Power Research
Station (CWPRS) in Pune, India, has been conducted in 2012. The Report
entitled “Benchmarking of CWPRS” provided a detailed review of three tasks:
Task A – a benchmarking review of the capabilities at CWPRS and
suggested new areas for expansion
Task B - a review of the equipment and software needs, and
Task C - a review of training needs.
Upon completion of the benchmarking report referred to as Julien (2012),
the World Bank expressed the need to elevate the content of the analysis and to provide an integrated digest on the future developments of CWPRS.
The content of a discipline-wise analysis could not be made compatible with
the format of the earlier report, hence the presentation of this new report.
The fundamental purpose of this work is to strengthen CWPRS. This report
more specifically elaborates on the question: how can CWPRS better prepare to face emerging opportunities and challenges? For each discipline, a list of
opportunities and challenges is presented based on a detailed discipline–
wide review of the current activities in a national and global perspective. The detailed needs for research infrastructure and personnel can then be
appropriately defined. The specific objectives of this report are to:
a) examine the status of the current research activities at CWPRS
b) review the national needs in a global perspective
c) identify emerging opportunities and challenges, plan for strengthening
existing research areas, and suggest new areas of expansion
d) formulate recruitment and training needs in the thrust areas of research
e) delineate the needs in research infrastructure and facilities, and
f) define the needs in equipment and software.
This report contains a discipline-wise review of CWPRS based on a thorough
examination of current research activities (Section 2) in view of the ever
growing national demand (Section 3) and a global perspective (Section 4). New challenges and opportunities are identified (Section 5), followed by a
formulation of the needs for recruitment and training (Section 6), research
infrastructure and facilities (Section 7), equipment and software (Section 8). Operational management and budget issues are finally covered in Section 9.
The executive summary as well as the summary and recommendations
emphasize and reiterate the main points of this report.
This report does not duplicate the previous discussion on benchmarking
tasks and does not specifically report on the activities of my two Pune visits.
Detailed information on these topics can be found in Julien (2012).
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 8
2. Current Status
The Central Water and Power Research Station was established in 1916 by
the then Bombay Presidency. From the Special Irrigation Division in 1916,
it successively became the Hydrodynamic Research Station in 1928, the
Central Irrigation and Hydrodynamic Research Station in 1937, the Indian
Waterways Experiment Station in 1944, the Central Waterways, Irrigation
and Navigation Research Station in 1947, the Central Water, Power,
Irrigation and Navigation Research Station in 1949 and the Central Water
and Power Research Station (CWPRS) in 1951. CWPRS is a premier
hydraulic research institute under the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR).
CWPRS supports basic and applied research in hydraulics for the
development of projects related to water resources, power generation, river
engineering and ports and harbors. Basic research is carried out pertaining
to water resources and related sciences for optimization, safety, design and
testing of different components of the river training measures and dams and
appurtenant structures. CWPRS carries out applied research for the
Central and State Government of India, for the public and private sector
including port trusts and municipal corporations.
CWPRS has traditionally excelled in several areas of national importance
including hydropower, flood control, river engineering, sediment
management, coastal engineering, energy dissipation, water supply and
irrigation, earthquake engineering, cavitation and vibration technology.
CWPRS has maintained large laboratories for conducting research in those
research areas. The expertise offered by CWPRS is based on a combination
of physical and mathematical model studies, field investigations and
engineering design applications.
Today, under the current leadership of Director Dr. I.D. Gupta,
approximately 250 studies (including a few outside India) are conducted at
the Research Station at any given time. From of a survey of the period
2007-2012, the average annual production at CWPRS included about 100
technical reports submitted to project authorities. In addition, 40-50 papers
were published every year in national and international journals,
proceedings of various conferences, seminars, workshops, and symposia.
CWPRS also published technical memoranda for the research community,
designers and practicing engineers. CWPRS researchers delivered
approximately 50 lectures and 5 short courses on an annual basis. During
that period of time, between 25-67 staff members were on training and 25
served on technical committees.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 9
The vision of CWPRS is to build a world-class Center of Excellence in
hydraulic engineering research and relevant areas, in order to respond to
changing global trends. CWPRS is also in need for sustaining and
enhancing excellence in providing technological solutions for optimal and
safe design of water resources structures.
The mission at CWPRS is three-fold: (1) meet the country’s needs for applied
and basic research studies in water resources, the power sector and coastal
engineering with world-class standards; (2) develop competence in
deployment of latest technologies and undertake new areas of research to
meet the future needs for development of water resources projects in the
country; and (3) disseminate information, skills and knowledge for capacity
building and mass awareness.
The major functions at CWPRS are to : (1) conduct project-specific research
to provide research and development inputs for evolving safe and optimum
design of projects; (2) provide advisory services to the government through
participation on technical committee meetings; (3) disseminate research
findings by publications and training programmes; and (4) develop and
revise BIS/ISO standards.
Based on a review of 40 presentations during my two visits (25 technical
presentations, 8 summary presentations, and 7 development plans), CWPRS
is doing a fabulous job at covering the needs for basic and applied research
in an unusually broad area of water and power. The activities apply
traditional engineering methods for the construction of dams, river
engineering projects, flood control and energy dissipation, coastal, harbors
and ports, nuclear power plants, foundations and geophysical research. The
methods currently used are based on sound engineering practice and many
projects handled at CWPRS have a national perspective and international
potential. However, there is an emerging need to rejuvenate the entire
research infrastructure. The specific needs include recruitment and
training, research facilities, equipment and software. These requisites will
be explained in details in this report.
The following discipline-wise review of the current status of operations at
CWPRS is based on the detailed information gathered during two site visits
in June and July 2012:
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 10
1) River Engineering (RE):
RE has made important contributions since the inception of CWPRS. With a
total of 53 staff members including 23 technical staff members, RE provides
expertise and services in terms of hydraulic analyses and model/prototype testing in river hydraulics and bridge engineering. Under the leadership of
Joint Director M.N. Singh, the current types of projects include: bridges and
barrages, stream gauging, river training and bank protection works, river channelization and morphology, intake structures and inland navigation.
CWPRS provided expertise in river engineering on the Yamuna River at
Delhi, and on the Gumuda bridge collapse on Vamsadhara River. RE has
also conducted several barrages studies, namely on the Falgu and Punpun Rivers in Bihar, on the Dhauli-Ganga and Bhagirathi Rivers in Uttarakhand,
on the Iril River at Dolaithabi… Current investigations include physical
models for rigid and mobile bed rivers, site inspections and design parameters or river training works, and the use of physical and
mathematical models. River training is one of the unique capabilities of
CWPRS. Numerous river modeling and bank protection studies have been carried out on large rivers with high sediment load, for instance the work on
the Kosi River at Birpur, on the Ganga River at Farraka and the
Brahmaputra River were particularly challenging. CWPRS currently has unique physical models on the Kosi River for the analysis of very complex
problems associated with very high sediment loads, riverbed aggradation
and braiding. This expertise is actually unique and has the potential to
become an international landmark of excellence. This work of the RE discipline is also complemented by studies on stream gauging. The projects
on the Indira Gandhi Nahar, and the Tungabhadra Narmada and Chambal
canals can be cited among the recent accomplishments. Additional river intake projects on the Sabri and Tawa rivers can be cited, as well as the
inland navigation project with a proposed cargo terminal on the Ganga River
at Gaighat. N. Isaac presented interesting results on the design of flood protection measures for Chhounchh Khad in Himachal Pradesh. Her
technical presentation showed a combination of DEM data processing with
GIS, 1-D numerical modeling results and synthetic hydrographs simulations for the design of flood protection measures. R.G. Patil presented a study on
the assessment of hydraulic parameters for road bridges across River Tel.
This study illustrated how the combination of a rigid-bed distorted physical
model and 1-D numerical modeling can be effectively used for the appropriate design of the flood carrying capacity at bridge crossings during
major floods. The presentation also included calculations of river bed scour
around bridge structures like bridge piers and abutments. RE typically produces 20 reports and papers per year with more physical modeling
studies than mathematical studies. In addition, a smaller number of
engineering studies and a few field studies are undertaken. These physical models require a considerable amount of work and the physical models
evaluated during my visits were exceptionally effective at demonstrating how
engineering solutions can be tested in these laboratory models.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 11
2) River & Reservoir System Modelling (RRSM):
RRSM has made important contributions since the seven major groups were
formed in 1951. With a total of 41 staff members including 29 technical staff members, RRSM provides expertise and services in three main areas of
hydrometeorology, water quality modeling and surface water hydraulics.
Under the leadership of Joint Director V.G. Bhave, the current types of projects include: water intakes for thermal, hydro and nuclear power plants,
dam break modeling, flood mapping, riverfront developments, stormwater
drainage and reservoir sedimentation. CWPRS has conducted reservoir
sedimentation studies including storage capacity, life expectancy and intake location such as Chamera III, Loharinag Pala, Tapovan, Vishnugad and
Kakrapar lake. Riverbank protection studies include bank protection and
derivations, e.g. Rivers Arpa, Damodar, Baghmati, and Burhi Gandak. River intakes and river front projects were completed at Pune, Bilaspru, Lucknow
and Surat. River basin modeling studies include peak flow and PMF
modeling. For instance, the CWPRS study of Narmada basin has been widely acclaimed by the World Bank. Flood forecasting and warning
systems have been studied on the Tapi and Godavary in Gujarat and
Maharashtra, as well as Mahanadi in Chattisgarh. Projects on the assessment of sediment yield and assessment of the life expectancy of
reservoirs were conducted for the Kudremkh iron Ore Mine, for the Indravati
project, and the Visakhapattanam Dockyard. The Water Quality Modeling
group conducted field and laboratory studies on pH, conductivity, DO, turbidity, plankton. Some studies included the Sardar Sarovar reservoirs,
Ennore Creek in Chennai, alkali reactivity for the Koyna hydroelectric
project, as well as physico-chemical analyses for Khubi Bund reservoir. Dr. M.M. Kshirsagar presented interesting results on the estimation of irrigation
return flows near the Kukadi canal in Maharashtra. A numerical model was
tested with field measurements on a 4000 hectare agricultural area with different crops. Joint Director V.G. Bhave gave a technical presentation on
dam break studies at CWPRS. The presentation showed that 89% of the
dams in India are earth dams. The use of computer models like DAMBRK and FLDWAV was illustrated with application in India, e.g. the multiple dam
break study along the Kalinadi River. The cases of Bommanahalli and
Kadra Dams, Ukai dam break studies and the flood mapping below Lakhya
Dam were specifically presented. RRSM produces about 20 reports and papers per year with mostly publications at national conferences and
symposia. The importance of proper dam break studies in the context of
nuclear power plants cannot be understated. It has to be clearly understood that the consequences of a nuclear meltdown in India would be devastating.
The case of Fukushima is nothing but a reminder of the importance of
providing the highest possible level of expertise to CWPRS in order to carry out the best quality studies on water intake, cooling facilities and dam break
analyses in the environment surrounding nuclear and thermal power plants.
This discipline shows connectivity and complementarity with the RE discipline in terms of the location of river intakes.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 12
3) Reservoir & Appurtenant Structures (RAS):
RAS has made important contributions since 1958. With a total of 75 staff members including 21 technical staff members, the RAS discipline provides
expertise and services in the areas of spillways and energy dissipators,
sediment management and control structures. Under the leadership of
Joint Director Dr. V.V. Bhosekar, the current types of projects include physical and numerical modeling of spillways, energy dissipators, surge
tanks, sluices and outlets, and desilting structures. CWPRS provided
expertise in spillways and energy dissipators for dams like Bhakra, Koyna, Srisailam, Ukai, Kadana and Nagarjun Sagar. Current investigations
include physical models and engineering studies of overflow spillways,
orifice spillways, plunge pool and energy dissipator design, pressure flows and cavitation studies, pressure control and aeration, surge tanks, scour
prevention, stilling basin design, stage spillways, etc. Projects and models
included the Lower Siang Spillway in Arunachal Pradesh. Since 1996, reservoir sedimentation studies have focused on sediment flushing, desilting
works, sediment excluders and ejectors, diversion tunnels and desilting
chambers. Projects included Baira Siul, Chamera I and II, Uri I,
Dhauliganga, Dulhasti, Tala, Teesta V and Tapovan Vishnugad. The control structures and water conductor systems group focused on power intakes,
flow conditions near head and tail race channels, transient flows and water
hammers, surge tank design, vorticity, air vents, pressure and energy dissipation in tunnels, and hydrodynamic forces on gates and hydraulic
structures. Projects included the Sardar Sarovar intake the Koyna tailrace
design, the Tap Koyana Stage IV and the Srisailam power house design. This expertise is actually very significant considering that these studies
ensure the safe and economical design of very important structures. Dr.
Bhosekar also presented a study on the hydraulic design of an aerator on an orifice spillway. This study illustrated the need to prevent cavitation and the
necessity for aerated flows to control pressure fluctuations around hydraulic
structures. The combination of detailed three-dimensional CFD studies with
high quality experimental measurements at the CWPRS laboratories was quite impressive. The quality of the laboratory work and the emergence of
numerical models at CWPRS is starting to gain visibility through the
presentation of high caliber experimental papers in top journals. RAS produces about 10 reports and papers per year. This discipline
demonstrated the unique potential to develop new technology in the complex
field of the interaction between structures, fluids and gases. Numerical studies alone cannot be effective at this time, but the combination of
numerical and physical modeling studies bodes well for the future. This
discipline shows connectivity and complementarity with the RRSM discipline in terms of reservoir sedimentation and silting problems. The RAS discipline
deals primarily with structural features, while RRSM focuses on the
quantitative aspects of the amounts and particle size distributions of
incoming sediment loads.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 13
4) Coastal & Offshore Engineering (COE):
COE has made important contributions since the 1940’s. With a total of 67
research staff members under the leadership of Joint Director M.D. Kudale, COE provides expertise and services in the areas of port layouts and coastal
protection, shoreline changes and dredging, breakwaters, tidal inlets, ship
navigation, outfalls and coastal ecology. Facilities include sea wave flumes, a multipurpose wave basin, and wave and tidal basins for port and harbor
models. Several software packages have been developed at CWPRS (e.g.
NAVIGA and MORMOT), besides a number of commercial packages like
MIKE 21, TELEMAC and ARC-GIS. The fact that COE developed their own software is a sign of excellence and leadership. The types of projects
include: near-shore wave simulations, wave penetration in harbours, ship
maneuvering and mooring, tidal dynamics, estuarine sedimentation, advection and dispersion, littoral drift and shoreline evolution. CWPRS
provided hydrodynamic and dredging studies for Mumbai Port, ship
maneuvering at Mumbai and Paradip, several hundred port studies in Kolkata, Visakhapatanam, Goa, Ennore, Chennai, Tuticorin, New
Mangalore, Mormugao, Kandla, etc. Coastal protection studies, seawalls,
groins and artificial beach nourishment studies were completed at Swaminarayana and Mahabalipuram Temples, Kavaratti, Paradip, Mumbai,
etc. Nuclear, thermal power plants and the International Airport at Panvel,
Mumbai also figured among the completed projects. As previously
mentioned, the risks and devastating consequences of malfunctions were well highlighted in the Fukushima disaster. This underlines the vital
importance of the studies undertaken at CWPRS. A.M. Vaidya presented
interesting results on the use of mathematical models for coastal engineering. Besides using commercial software, her technical presentation
of NAVIGA and MORMOT was impressive. She provided an example at
Tirukkadaiyur, Tamilnadu. Joint Director T. Nagendra also presented on the physical and mathematical modeling techniques currently used in
coastal engineering at CWPRS. Wave applications at Visakhapatnam, tidal
model applications at Kandla Port and thermal circulation models at Ennore illustrated current practices. Numerous applications in tidal
hydrodynamics, sediment transport and advection-dispersion were also
presented, including the Mumbai Port, which remains one of the main study
areas. Other sites included the study of the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Plant, flows in the Hugli estuary, sediment transport at Essar Hazira and salinity
modeling. Joint Director M.D. Kudale also presented a study on the design
of coastal structures. Rigid and flexible structures were presented such as stones, tetrapods, dolos, accropodes … with application examples at Ins
Hamla, Ankaleshwar, Udwada, Vishakapatnam. COE typically produces 20
reports and papers per year with more mathematical than physical modeling studies. The COE discipline reached a high level of excellence noted by the
number of projects, quality of the presentations and the in-house software
development. This discipline shows some connectivity and complementarity with the RE and RRSM disciplines in terms of the bank protection
measures.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 14
5) Foundation & Structures (FS):
FS has made important contributions to CWPRS. With about 20 technical staff members, the FS discipline provides expertise and services in
structural modeling and analysis, geotechnical engineering and concrete
technology. Under the leadership of Additional Director S. Govindan, the
current types of projects cover the field of foundations, stability and rehabilitation of hydraulic structures, stability of concrete, earth and rock
fill dams, and laboratory studies of rocks, soils, concrete and other
construction materials. Typical projects include: physical model studies of penstock bifurcations and manifolds, post-construction stress-strain
measurements, structural health of dams, uplift and pore pressures,
thermal stress and strain, foundation settlement and seepage, stability of breakwaters and retaining walls, liquefaction potential, thermal creep and
elastic properties of hydraulic structures, durable masonry and economical
cement mortar. CWPRS provided expertise on the liquefaction potential of the Kachchh Branch Canal, on the rehabilitation of Hirakud Dam, on the
rehabilitation of the masonry of Anjunem Dam, on thermal, creep and
elastic properties of Ghatchar RCC Dam, and on strengthening of Koyna
Dam. B. Muralidhar presented an interesting analysis of liquefaction with resonant column tests showing the shear modulus and damping ratio of
different soil types. He demonstrated applications to the liquefaction
potential along the 352 km Kachchh Branch Canal in a desert area classified as seismic zone V. Dr. I.D. Gupta presented a stochastic dynamic
response analysis of gravity dams. The seismic response of dams was
evaluated using power-spectral density functions and simulated accelerograms. The results of a case study of the seismic response of
concrete and composite masonry hydraulic structures were also
demonstrated at Kolkewadi Dam. FS typically produced about 12 reports and papers per year with more laboratory studies than field studies. This
discipline shows connectivity with the RAS discipline in terms of the loading
and pressure distribution of manifolds. The opportunities for cross-
discipline research are obvious. The research activities on rock and materials are definitely focused on hydraulic structures which makes this
discipline distinctly different from the CSMRS. All soil studies in connection
to the water-related infrastructure should be conducted at CWPRS. Soil studies for roads and building foundations should be conducted at CSMRS.
The FS discipline is essential and vital to the future developments on the
impact of seismicity on hydraulic structures and power plants.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 15
6) Applied Earth Sciences (AES):
AES has made contributions in geophysics, isotope hydrology, vibration
technology and engineering seismology. Under the leadership of Joint Director R.S. Ramteke, the current research areas include: engineering
geology such as the detection of faults, fractures, dykes and shear zones,
assessment of bed material properties and volumes for dredging, seismic refraction and ground penetrating radars, underwater and cross-hole
seismic surveys, identification of cracks in relation to permeability and
seepage losses, use of chemical organic and radio-isotope tracers for seepage
reduction studies, vibration and seismic studies, design of safe blast patterns, ultrasonic pulse studies, control blasting near dams, micro-
earthquakes, and reservoir triggered seismicity. CWPRS completed
numerous projects including Vishnugad-Pipalkoti and Kol Dam, Haldipur Port, Karnataka, Indira Sagar, Koyna Dam, Tarapur Atomic Power Project,
and the Amochu Project in Bhutan. M.S. Chaudhari presented interesting
results on cross-hole tomography with an example application on basalt rock quality using seismic wave velocimetry at the Kakrapar Atomic Power
Project. Other applications in dolomite rocks were conducted for the
Vishnugad-Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Power Project. CWPRS Director Dr. I.D. Gupta also presented a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for site-specific
design ground motion with broad applicability and mapping to the northeast
Indian region. AES typically produces 15 reports and papers per year with
mostly technical reports and some conference and journal publications. This discipline shows some connectivity with the FS discipline in the area of
vibrations and seismic loading. Although there is complementarity in the
approach, FS can focus more directly on the impact on hydraulic structures while AES is naturally prepared for surveys and field applications. The
isotope hydrology may become under scrutiny as a result of environmental
concerns. However, the importance of careful studies on cracks, seepage and structural resistance to seismic loads may justify the means,
particularly in the case of nuclear power plants. It is also important that
although several methods may be similar to those of the CSMRS, the unique feature of this discipline at CWPRS is the level of applications in the
presence of water. For instance, studies on control blasting in vicinity of
dams of power plants must be conducted at CWPRS. The applications to
hydro-electric projects, dams, cooling of nuclear plants, seepage below dams, etc. contributes to the unique expertise of this discipline at CWPRS.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 16
7) Instrumentation, Calibration & Testing Services (ICTS): ICTS has been overarching all other disciplines with its focus on
instrumentation. It also has its own specificity in offering calibration and
testing services. The ICTS discipline provides expertise and services in the
development of sensors, data acquisition systems, data logging and processing, SCADA, calibration and testing. ICTS collaborates directly with
other disciplines and provides the data instrumentation and data collection
and treatment needs. Joint Director S. Dhayalan and P.K. Goel presented a summary of activities for the ICTS discipline. For instance, tail end water
level control systems are designed for the river models of the RE discipline,
multiple discharge control systems can be developed for the RE and RRSM discipline, and automatic tide generation systems have been implements for
the coastal studies of the COE discipline. The ICTS services include multi
parameter data acquisition systems such as level, discharge, temperature, pressure and velocity measurements for hydraulic models (RE and RAS
disciplines). Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS) for the field
studies of the RRSM and COE groups are also easily set up and dam
instrumentation and data acquisition system have been set up at project sites. Examples of automatic tidal gate systems have been implemented in
several projects including the Cochin, Mumbai and Jaigad port models, the
Kandla estuary model and the Rajapuri, Tarapur and Hoogly projects. Miniature propeller velocimeters, thermocouples and electronic gauges can
be installed for multi-parametric and simultaneous measurements in
hydraulic models. DGPS studies included the Kalpakkam Atomic Power plant, the Satanu and Mullay Periyar reservoirs, Kateri lake and the Indira
Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh. Mrs. S.V. Phadke presented interesting
results on data collection programs for coastal protection, ports and intake/outfall structures. About 260 studies have been carried out at
CWPRS since the 1970’s at more than 124 different field sites. Parameters
typically measured include the tidal levels, waves and currents, bathymetry,
salinity, turbidity, temperature and bed profiles. Similar fluvial study sites are located in canals, rivers and reservoirs. The loss of equipment to rust
and hostile sea conditions contribute to the difficulties encountered in this
field. M.S. Balan also presented a technical presentation on hydrographic surveys for reservoir sedimentation. The use of DGPS coupled with
echosounders has been applied to several projects including the Kalpakkam
Atomic Power Plant, Satanur and Kateri Reservoirs and the Indira Sagar Project. Post-processing using kriging and Surfer has been successful.
ICTS shows connectivity and complementarity with all other disciplines, and
specifically with COE and RE. There is also complementarity in the analysis of flow in pipes with the RAS and sedimentation surveys with RRSM.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 17
The above description of the current status of each discipline points to the
breadth and depth of activities at CWPRS. The current status is indeed quite impressive and there is reason to be proud to work at CWPRS. Several
employees at CWPRS have more than 25 years of engineering design
experience. It is a tremendous institutional asset to keep qualified personnel in this applied research environment for such a long time. The
continuity in serving clients with personnel that have worked on certain
projects and areas for a long period of time offers unique capabilities when coupled with mentoring new research officers trained in academic
environments with the latest computer and digital technology currently
available. The potential for mentoring young engineers and to develop and apply the latest technology to solve real-world problems must be envisioned.
In my opinion, the basic organizational chart for the seven main disciplines
listed in the baseline document should essentially remain unchanged in the near future. The internal operations at CWPRS run rather smoothly and no
major restructuration is indicated. The seven disciplines are fairly distinct
and yet there is a healthy and sufficient level of complementarity and lively collaboration between the different disciplines. For instance, a flood control
project may involve the RRSM discipline for the hydrologic analysis, RAS for
the structural design, and ICTS for the field surveys. If the structure is in seismic area the FS and AES disciplines would get involved just as well.
Most projects need instrumentation such that the ICTS is involved in most
projects. The current organization operates very efficiently and offers flexibility in responding to the project needs. CWPRS is well positioned to
handle emerging challenges and benefit from new opportunities.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 18
3. National Perspective
By 2020, India is expected to rise among the economically most powerful
countries in the world. As India emerges as a technologically advanced
nation, the development of water and power resources becomes one of the key priorities for capacity building. The following list presents a summary of
recent trends, challenges and problems from a national perspective. This
knowledge is essential prior to the formulation of emerging research needs for a better water-related infrastructure:
Demographic expansion - Water is a precious natural resource. The
supply of potable water to every household is not a luxury, but a necessity. The population of India has increased from 1.02 billion in
2001 to 1.21 billion people in 2012. This represents a 20% increase
in the demand for water supply, food from irrigated agriculture, flood control and disaster prevention, etc. Since 80% of the water available
is used for agricultural purpose, the need for food production through
irrigation projects has gone up many times in the past and is expected to continue to increase every year. The industrialization will also
stimulate a population exodus to large cities, which compounds the
increasing demand for water supply, flood control and disaster
prevention.
Increasing energy demand – In addition, there is an ever increasing
demand for energy. The cost of energy is skyrocketing world-wide and this trend will be seen in India. Hydropower is one of the cheapest
and renewable forms of power. The hydropower demand increased
from 12.7 to 18.5 Million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) from 2006-2011. This corresponds to more than a 50% increase in hydropower
in the past 5 years. This will require a new water-related
infrastructure for power houses, penstock, spillways, stilling basins,
energy dissipation, etc. The Himalayan region offers a significant potential for contributing towards the water and energetic needs. This
region also presents significant engineering problems and challenges
in terms of lateral migration of wide braided rivers, large river sediment loads and need for desilting works, dam construction in
active tectonic and seismic zones, rapid abrasion of powerhouses,
penstocks and hydraulic structures, reservoir sedimentation and reduced life expectancy of reservoirs, etc.
Nuclear and thermal power plants – The demand for nuclear power
more than doubled from 6.04 to 14.16 MTOE during the period 2006-2011. The use of water for cooling nuclear and thermal power plants
is critical to meet the energetic needs of the next decades. The recent
event in Fukushima, Japan, should be a constant reminder of the potential threat and extensive damage that can result from a nuclear
disaster. The adequate design of water cooling facilities is critical to
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 19
the safe operation of nuclear and thermal power plants. These plants
need to be designed by the best engineers in the country and CWPRS needs new research officers to meet the growing demand.
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PressurizedWaterReactor.gif
Aging infrastructure – In India, almost 1000 dams (out of 4291 in
1994) were built before 1971 and are now more than 40 years old.
Most dams need to be retrofitted to meet the present day demands.
New masonry, cracked concrete, damage and tear from temperature changes, large floods and earthquakes have resulted in an increasing
need to upgrade and retrofit hydraulic structures. Research in the
new materials, non-intrusive geophysical techniques, the survey of seepage, liquefaction potential and new concrete and epoxy materials
at CWPRS can rejuvenate aging hydraulic infrastructure.
Liquefaction of dams - Earthquakes have damaged some hydraulic structures, namely the Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat that caused
liquefaction of the Chang Dam on January 26, 2001.
Tsunami research – The Banda Aceh tsunami of December 26, 2004
has devastated the east coast of India. The more recent earthquake in Indonesia on April 11, 2012, should also serve as a reminder of the
potential threat of devastation from tsunamis. India is currently ill-
prepared to conduct engineering research on the impact of tsunamis. There is currently no physical modeling capability for tsunami
research in India. There is an urgent need to build a tsunami
research facility and CWPRS would be the best place for conducting coastal engineering research on tsunamis.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 20
Environmental issues – There is an increasing potential for a better quality of life in India. This could happen through the development of
river restoration projects, a reduction of chemicals in rivers from
industrial plants, a reduction of pesticides and fertilizers from non-point sources of contamination in agricultural areas, heavy metals
and actinides in mining areas, river clean-ups and rubbish dams,
collection and treatment of urban effluents, development of stream rehabilitation, river corridors, riparian zones, aquatic habitat, stream
ecology, minimum in-stream flow needs, plankton and algae growth
due to excessive nitrates and phosphates, limitation of mussels and
invasive species, control of sand and gravel mining to reduce the impact on bridges, irrigation canal intakes, pumping plants, salinity
intrusion problems in coastal areas, mangrove and wetland
reconstruction, waterfront property development, socio-economic studies and eco-tourism, etc.
Unprecedented flooding – Unprecedented floods have caused
tremendous damage in recent decades. For example, 5,000 people died in the Maharashtra Flood of July 26, 2005. The urban flash
flood in Mumbai has been particularly devastating after 944 mm of
rain fell in 24 hours.
Climate change – The perspective of changes in climate pose
problems to the water-related infrastructure with the trends towards an increase in the number of extremely intense rainfall precipitation
events, increased flood-frequency analyses, retrofitting structures for
flood control designed for lower discharges, water supply shortages,
delayed monsoons, and a gradual rise in sea levels (up to 5 mm/yr) in coastal areas, etc.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 21
4. International Perspective
The results of a detailed benchmarking analysis were presented in Julien (2012). The analysis showed that CWPRS compares best with the mandates
of the two institutions in the United States: the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
(USBR) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The two additional International Institutions (Deltares and Artelia) were also very important
because they provided enlightening examples on how institutional changes
can be implemented. This benchmarking analysis had to be exercised with
great caution. CWPRS should not replicate what is being done elsewhere. What works in Europe or the U.S. may not be applicable to India, but
CWPRS should keep an open mind on the rapid pace of developments at the
international scale. The salient points of the international comparison are summarized in this section.
• Massive national demand for water-related infrastructure: The mandate of CWPRS is viable as long as there is a national demand for
the development of the water-related infrastructure. The example of
Delft Hydraulics is quite instructive in this regard and lessons should be learned from past experience. After the large floods and coastal
problems of the North Sea Flood of 1953, the Netherlands invested
massive sums for the development of adequate water resources to
protect the large populations living below sea level. By the mid ‘90’s the hydraulic infrastructure had been primarily rebuilt and the
flooding problems essentially solved, such that massive investments in
this sector were no longer necessary. In times of recession, budget cuts always trigger major reductions in operations associated with
detrimental downsizing reorganizations. In the United States, once
the large dams have been completely built, the emphasis changed towards water quality, environmental considerations and stream
restoration. The Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act in
the ‘70’s triggered a shift in research priorities in the United States. In recent times, the disasters caused by hurricanes like Katrina and
Sandy rejuvenate the effort to refocus on structural design in view of
climate change and global warming. In India, the massive population has created a gigantic need for basic infrastructure. Given the record
breaking monsoon precipitation levels, improvements of the water-
related infrastructure are specifically needed in the areas of flood
control, hydropower production, drinking water and irrigation and drainage. With this tremendous and sustained need, the country will
likely have to continue to develop basic engineering structures (e.g.
dams, hydropower and nuclear plants, coastal protection and harbours, etc.) for decades to come. When adding the impact of
earthquakes on dams and aging infrastructure, climate change,
tsunamis … there will be a high demand for water-related infrastructure in India for a very long time. Consequently, CWPRS
should keep its priorities on national needs.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 22
• Emphasis on physical modeling: CWPRS was very successful at
maintaining large scale laboratory facilities. All peer institutions reviewed here have been subjected to tremendous pressure to
downsize their physical modeling capabilities in favor of computer
modeling techniques. A few decades ago, some institutions claimed that “all” hydraulic problems could be solved with computer models.
The impact of such statements has been devastating and it turned out
that many large hydraulic laboratories in the US and Europe closed their doors. Most hydraulic engineering institutions have been
severely impacted by the transition from physical to numerical
models. The USACE models at the Waterways Experiment Station have been largely downsized as a result of the much reduced costs
associated with numerical models. The Waterloopkundig
Laboratorium (i.e. Delft Hydraulics) in the Netherlands was critically
downsized when the operations moved from Vollenhove to Delft in the mid ‘90’s. In reality, physical models are essential to the scientific
and engineering developments. Numerous problems cannot be solved
solely with numerical models. The example advances in turbulence, which is one of the frontiers of scientific knowledge, will require
physical models. It is also essential to understand that physical
sciences and engineering are based on experiments. Without laboratory facilities, the future of science and engineering will be very
bleak. In India, the fact that CWPRS has been able to maintain
laboratory facilities in recent years is remarkable, and the physical models may lead CWPRS to prominence at the international scale.
• Increased focus on environmental issues: Environmental issues have dominated the agenda of developed countries. For instance, the
Environmental Protection Agency has been very active in the US for
several decades already. Environmental practices and the concept of
integrated river basin management have been practiced in the US and in Europe for quite some time. River restoration practices have also
gained tremendous momentum in Asian countries (e.g. Japan, South
Korea, Malaysia and others). There is an increasing effort to remove trash from rivers with “rubbish dams” in Malaysia. For instance, the
SMART tunnel in Kuala Lumpur, has been developed in conjunction
with urban flood control and urban transportation. The South Korean Government formed the Office of National River Restoration in view of
the major effort on the Four Major River Restoration project. This
massive environmental project combined flood control, water supply, water quality, and river restoration. This effort should captivate
world-wide attention and serve as an example of what could be done
in India. The transition to water quality, sanitary engineering, stream
restoration and stream ecology may be slower in India than in other parts of the world but a change in this direction needs to be gradually
implemented. The change towards more environmentally-friendly
research implies new opportunities for growth and the potential to expand the research activities in new areas. More details on these
new areas will be provided in three above-mentioned areas will be
provided in Section 5 of this report.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 23
• Relative isolation of CWPRS: In comparison with peer institutions,
the relative isolation of CWPRS seems to be partly attributed to the current travel restrictions. This is part of the national mandate,
which only allows domestic travel. Approval for international travel
currently needs to be requested from the Ministry of Water Resources. A similar policy is also enforced at the USBR where the operations
with the U.S. Department of the Interior mandate work within the
confines of the national boundaries. In Europe, several large rivers flow through multiple countries and international collaboration has
been developed accordingly. For instance the issues on the Rhine
River involve several countries, e.g. the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Switzerland. It has to be considered that India is a large
country and the Himalayas and oceans provide natural boundaries.
Many river projects can be completed at the national scale. However,
several rivers draining the Himalayas flow through multiple countries and the needs for international collaboration are increasing. Some
research activities are currently going on with neighbouring countries
(e.g. Bhutan, Nepal…) and some relaxation of travel restrictions for international travel would be desirable in the future. Under the
current travel restrictions, CWPRS is probably ill-prepared to become
highly competitive at the international level. At this time, the perspective for international development seems restricted. Some
relaxation of international restrictions would be desirable to open up
international activities and future developments of funded projects.
A civil servant mentality prevails at CWPRS. The baseline document
mentions the lack of motivation of some employees and the lack of incentives that are provided to encourage further professional
development of the workforce. In a comparative analysis of four peer
institutions, Julien (2012) mentioned that the decreased base funding
and the increased pressure to compete with the outside world forced all four benchmarking agencies (USBR, USACE, Deltares and Artelia)
to increase their productivity and performance levels. The
developments in the digital age forced an increased involvement of all employees towards unprecedented productivity levels. Nowadays,
government employees spending at least 50 hours a week at work is
not uncommon in the US. Europeans agencies also increased productivity and managed to maintain a large number of days off work
and a more family-friendly work schedule. This increase in
productivity is not without setbacks. Several agencies have changed their operations to imitate the private sector, where the manpower is
subject to the ups and downs of economic times. In down times,
restructuration and downsizing through attrition and retirements has
caused a lot of turnover and lack of continuity in the expertise of the workforce. It is often more difficult to find qualified people who were
retained and/or stayed loyal to their employer for 25+ years. The
digital age also forces a lot more research to become superficial and ephemeral, with a goal to produce something quick that may not be
durable. The increased pressure to publish or perish has been
noticeable in peer institutions. In the US, several governmental
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 24
institutions that used to write useful manuals of engineering
standards and practice have shifted operations towards an increased emphasis on peer-reviewed journal publications. The competition
with the private sector has had a direct impact on some agencies like
the Artelia, Deltares, USBR and to a lesser extent on the USACE. Incentives to motivate the workforce may become very welcome at
CWPRS. Some inspiration in this regard may be found from an
increased ability to interact with International Agencies. More details on this specific point will be discussed in Section 9 of this report.
The potential for development at CWPRS is tremendous. This international perspective does not need to be imitated for future success. Nevertheless,
lessons learned from past mistakes should be considered. CWPRS should
keep its focus on meeting national needs. The massive national demand for water-related infrastructure should ensure continuous support and
relevance for generations to come. CWPRS should continue to support
experimental research while developing numerical models as well. The
expansion of physical modeling capabilities in conjunction with computer models can lift CWPRS among the elite institutions of the world. Some
relaxation of international restrictions would be desirable to open up
international activities and support future developments of funded projects. The next section will provide more details on the types of challenges and
opportunities that may be considered in the future growth and development
of CWPRS.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 25
5. Opportunities and Challenges
Globalization implies increased competition from the homeland and abroad.
This presents unique opportunities and challenges for growth and development. This section elaborates on the emerging opportunities and
challenges facing CWPRS. The main priorities pertaining to the entire
research station are first covered, followed by a discipline-wise description of potential developments. The following three main priorities should be
considered in the future developments:
• Priority on national water-related infrastructure: With excellent
research staff and facilities, and funding from the Ministry of Water
Resources, CWPRS should clearly focus on meeting the national challenges. The dire needs for infrastructure development in water and power in India
have been detailed in Section 4. The corollary is also valid that it would be a
tremendous loss for the Ministry of Water Resources not to engage in the
future developments of CWPRS. In terms of comparative institutions, the USBR may be the leading example of how this institute did maintain its
focus on national priorities while keeping competence and a strong identity
with a rather limited involvement in international activities. International projects may be gradually included through perhaps some relaxation of
institutional restrictions regarding international travel.
• Upgrading laboratories and large facilities: The ability to keep large
scale laboratory facilities should eventually turn into one of the most
important assets at CWPRS. This can eventually be used to gain a competitive edge over other peer institutions around the world. The
availability of funds to support and maintain large laboratories is well
justified in India given the massive demand for water-related infrastructure.
The investment in large scale laboratory facilities is in my opinion a very wise investment in India. The possibilities to keep models of certain river
reaches where new construction and development plans can be gradually
implemented and tested in the hydraulic models is a tremendous asset at CWPRS. In India, the availability of a vast resource in manpower facilitates
the possibility of development of physical models. It has to be considered
that the relative low cost of operation at CWPRS will likely enable the possibility of maintaining such large models for decades to come. In all
developments of science and technology, it has to be understood that the
exclusive use of numerical models is limited in scope and many significant advances in engineering technology do, as they did in the past, require
validation with experimental capabilities. The asset of experienced
engineers with skilled lab technicians can present a unique combination for
continued success. The expansion of physical modelling capabilities in conjunction with computer models can lift CWPRS among the elite
institutions of the world. There is nevertheless a need to upgrade the
computer facilities at CWPRS. While some competitors have turned to computers in a way to solve “all problems,” the limitations of such an
approach have become evident. In my view, CWPRS would lose its focus
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 26
and identity in turning their operations towards an exclusive use of
numerical models. There are unique opportunities for hybrid computer and physical modeling that could be implemented. CWPRS could quickly rise to
the forefront of technology involving the comparisons between numerical
and physical modeling in hydraulic and coastal engineering. With large scale physical models, India could also become highly competitive to attract
international projects and external sources of funding.
• Increased focus on environmental issues: This may be the most
daunting challenge facing CWPRS and India. As much as CWPRS has
always aimed at public safety in their design of large infrastructure, a new emphasis applicable to all disciplines should focus on environmental issues
for a better quality of life. The value of integrated river basin management
by combining flood control, water supply, water quality and recreational development cannot be ignored any longer. A major transformation is
taking place in many countries to bring the populations closer to rivers via
river corridors, stream restoration, river rehabilitation design, mangrove and
wetland restoration, riverfront developments and ecological parks. India should embrace this challenge as well. An integrated river basin
management approach taylor-made to the situation in India could be
developed and implemented at CWPRS. There is an opportunity for CWPRS to assume a leadership role in reaching out to other public institutes and in
developing a proper integrated management strategy. The development of
environmentally friendly water-related infrastructures should gradually become increasingly important among the priorities of CWPRS operations.
The gradual implementation of new environmentally-focused research areas at CWPRS for the benefit of the population of India could follow phases like:
- Phase I – Basic water-related infrastructure. This is currently what is being done in India with basic flood control, water supply and
energy through hydropower, thermal and nuclear power. This also includes disaster prevention and the analysis of extreme events with
devastating consequences such as floods, earthquakes and tsunamis.
- Phase II - Direct environmental benefits. The emphasis is on direct
implication on the quality of human life. For instance, some improvements could be in the development of new ecological and
environmental approach with the broad objective of cleaning surface
waters. This can be achieved by expanding the traditional sanitary engineering to reduce the contamination and pollution of surface
waters with the treatment of chemical contamination in industrial
areas, mine wastes and acid mine drainage, toxic waste and explosives from specific sites. There is a need for major efforts in the
design of environmentally-friendly hydraulic structures for flood
control, detention and storage, water supply, irrigation needs, point source pollution, clean surface waters, sediment management, water
decontamination, gravel mining, irrigation canal intakes and water
supply to farming areas, stream restoration and rehabilitation, etc.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 27
- Phase III - Indirect environmental benefits. The emphasis here is on indirect implication on the quality of human life. The effort may be
on water quality in coastal areas, mangroves and wetlands, oil spills, clean-ups, etc. Along rivers, developments could be on non-point
source pollution and an integrated river basin management strategy
for nitrates and phosphates, fertilizers and pesticides, algae blooms, control of invasive species (e.g. riparian vegetation, mussels…),
infestations of insects, virus bearing mosquitoes and flies, coliforms,
e-Coli, microbials and pharmaceuticals, etc. A new ecological
dimension involving river restoration, port and harbour fisheries, water parks, and developments in river recreation should be
considered here. This may possibly extend to climate change, sea
level rise, carbon footprint, global warming, etc.
- Phase IV – Enhancement to the quality of life in general. The benefits here are not necessarily tied to an improvement of the quality
of human life. Examples may include recreational of sporting activities, or benefits to non-commercial and/or endangered species.
Further development can be carried out in providing and developing
aquatic habitat for fisheries and waterfowl and migratory species, fish
passage and aquatic habitat, endangered species, reconstructed wetlands, mangroves, stream ecology, riverfront properties, hydro-
tourism, canoe-kayak, white water boating, paddling, etc.
In an effort to delineate the emerging opportunities and challenges in a
discipline-wise manner, the following review intends to propose a plan for
strengthening existing research areas and to suggest new areas of expansion. The digest starts with an indication of the vital needs of each
discipline. There is also an indication, whenever appropriate, of which new
leadership direction each discipline should assume. A list of relevant research areas is provided for each discipline and in some cases indication
as to which area may become obsolete or irrelevant. The new areas of
expertise are designated either as an existing area that requires
strengthening or an emerging new area of research. This section prepares the case for the needs in each research area. Section 6 will follow with mode
details in terms of recruitment and training needs.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 28
1) River Engineering (RE): This discipline is essential and vital to the
future developments on physical and numerical modeling of rivers and should lead the future developments on environmental river restoration.
RE needs to provide expertise and services in terms of hydraulic analyses
and model/prototype testing in river hydraulics and bridge engineering. The following areas are expected to remain highly relevant in the future: bridges
and barrages, stream gauging, river training and bank protection works,
river channelization and morphology, intake structures and inland
navigation, river engineering, bridge pier and abutment scour and prevention of bridge collapse, barrages studies, river intakes, sediment
excluders and ejectors, physical models for rigid and mobile bed rivers, large
and braided rivers with large sediment loads, riverbed aggradation, stream gauging, inland navigation and dredging design of flood protection
measures, bank protection, levees, diversions, etc.
The strengthening of existing areas of expertise should include:
• River modeling with 2-D and 3-D models
The current activities are focused on physical modeling and the use of
rather simple one-dimensional models. There should be developments in the use of 2-D and perhaps 3-D models for the analysis of deformable bed
channels.
The challenging new areas of expertise should include:
• River restoration and stream rehabilitation
The integration of the needs for clean drinking water, sanitary sewers and waste water treatment plants can be integrated with an effort to reduce
surface water pollution and contamination and lead to river restoration and
the development of water parks and green river corridors can greatly improve the quality of life in India. Fine sediments have a tremendous
adsorption potential and their interaction with pollutants and contaminants
in surface waters present unique opportunities for growth and development at CWPRS.
The increasing focus on environmental issues should be implemented in the
RE discipline. Some training will also be required.
• Point source river pollution and decontamination, advection-dispersion
Urban populations can gain tremendously through sewage collectors and
waste water treatment plants in urban areas, the treatment of chemical
contamination in industrial areas, gravel mining in rivers, mine wastes and
acid mine drainage, etc.
• Environmentally-friendly hydromachinery and hydraulic structures, fish ladders
This new research area, and particularly the use of fish ladders should be
developed in collaboration with the RAS discipline.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 29
2) River & Reservoir System Modelling (RRSM): This discipline is
essential and vital to the future developments on flashflood modeling from
extreme events and should lead the future developments on integrated river
basin management practices. RRSM needs to provide expertise and
services in the main areas of hydrometeorology, water quality modeling and surface water hydraulics. The current types of projects are expected to
remain highly relevant in the future: water intakes for thermal, hydro and
nuclear power plants, dam break modeling, flood mapping, flood forecasting and warning systems, riverfront developments, stormwater drainage, bank
protection and reservoir sedimentation, sediment yield and assessment of
the life expectancy of reservoirs water quality modeling, physico-chemical analyses, irrigation return flows, dam break studies, etc. It is important to
adequately support the highest possible level of expertise at CWPRS in order
to carry out the best quality studies on water intake, cooling facilities and dam break analyses in the environment surrounding nuclear and thermal
power plants. All these research areas are relevant and studies on bank
protection, river intakes may be integrated in the RE discipline.
The strengthening of existing areas of expertise should include:
• Reservoir silting, turbidity, abrasion and sediment sluicing and flushing
Sedimentation problems will become increasingly important in reservoirs
and in rivers.
• Non-point source pollution, irrigation and drainage, water quality in
agricultural areas The increasing demand for food and high yield crops will
demand higher uses of fertilizers and pesticides. This can become a huge problem at the national scale and CWPRS needs to be at the forefront of
technology.
• Urban runoff modeling, detention storage, channel incision control This
work should be carried out in collaboration with RE.
The challenging new areas of expertise should include:
• Distributed flash flood modeling during extreme events There is a need
for more detailed two-dimensional modeling of flash floods in urban areas
like the major flood from 944 mm of rainfall in Mumbai in 2005.
• Integrated river basin management and best management practices The
RRSM discipline should spearhead new developments and the implementation of IRBM and BMP’s in India. Some training seems desirable.
• Hydrometeorology of extreme events, satellite data transmission,
delayed monsoons, climate change, sea level rise This is a new area of research with satellite and radar information for the prediction, forecasting
of major rainstorm and flood events.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 30
3) Reservoir & Appurtenant Structures (RAS): This discipline is
essential and vital to the future developments on water-related
infrastructure and should lead the future developments on turbulence and
environmentally-friendly water infrastructure. RAS needs to provide expertise and services in the main areas of spillways and energy dissipators,
sediment management and control structures. The current types of projects
are expected to remain highly relevant in the future: physical and numerical modeling of spillways, energy dissipators, surge tanks, sluices and outlets,
desilting structures, overflow spillways, orifice spillways, plunge pool,
pressure flows and cavitation studies, pressure control and aeration, surge
tanks, scour prevention, stilling basin design, stage and stepped spillways, diversion tunnels and desilting chambers, power intakes, head and tail race
channels, transient flows and water hammers, surge tank design, vorticity,
air vents, pressure and energy dissipation in tunnels, and hydrodynamic forces on gates and hydraulic structures, aerator on an orifice spillway. All
areas are relevant and the studies on desilting works and sediment
excluders and ejectors may be coordinated with the RE discipline.
The strengthening of existing areas of expertise should include:
• Reservoir silting, turbidity, abrasion and sediment sluicing and flushing
Developments in this area will become critical as the hydropower development in the Himalayas gain in strength and popularity. The
sediment problems in that region cannot be overestimated.
• Energy dissipation, stepped spillways, baffle blocks
This is an area of great expertise and the reputation of CWPRS may increase
considerably with some strengthening
• Fluid- induced vibrations
This area is not quite new but when coupled with new measurement
techniques and the involvement of ICTS, this can lead to important
engineering applications.
The challenging new areas of expertise should include:
• Turbulence measurements and modeling, PIV, CFD
The use of CFD and PIV is not quite new to this discipline, however this is at
the cutting edge of developments and CWPRS should keep up the pace.
• Environmentally-friendly hydromachinery and hydraulic structures, fish ladders
This may not be a top priority in the near future, but development should
gradually be implemented in coming years.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 31
4) Coastal & Offshore Engineering (COE): This discipline is
essential and vital to the future developments on ports and harbors and
shore protection and should lead the future developments on tsunami
research. COE needs to provide expertise and services in the main areas of
port layouts and coastal protection, shoreline changes and dredging, breakwaters, tidal inlets, ship navigation, outfalls and coastal ecology. The
current types of projects are expected to remain highly relevant in the
future: near-shore wave simulations, wave penetration in harbors, ship maneuvering and mooring, tidal dynamics, estuarine sedimentation,
advection and dispersion, littoral drift and shoreline evolution,
hydrodynamic and dredging studies, coastal protection studies, seawalls, groins and artificial beach nourishment, nuclear and thermal power plants,
sediment transport and salinity modeling, design of coastal structures, rigid
and flexible structures such as stones, tetrapods, dolos, accropodes …
The strengthening of existing areas of expertise should include:
• Coastal modeling in 2-D and 3-D
This area is currently doing very well and some strengthening would bring
CWPRS to prominence.
• Thermal hydraulic engineering, cooling of nuclear and thermal power plants
This area will become increasingly important as the country develops more
thermal and nuclear power plants. In the wake of the Fukushima disaster,
capacity building in this area should be a very wise investment of resources and energy. Some work in collaboration with AES is possible here.
The challenging new areas of expertise should include:
• Tsunami research
There is no tsunami research facility in India at this time and CWPRS would be the most natural place to develop expertise on this subject. Some
training may be helpful to get started, but the in-house capabilities should
be sufficiently strong to make significant research contributions in the very near term.
• Coastal Environment, mangroves, tidal wetlands, and fisheries
This area is less important than the tsunami research area but is in line
with the needs to develop environmentally-friendly structures.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 32
5) Foundation & Structures (FS): This discipline is essential and vital
to the future developments on retrofitting the aging water-related
infrastructure and should lead the future developments on earthquake
impact on hydraulic infrastructure. FS needs to provide expertise and services in the main areas of structural modeling and analysis, geotechnical
engineering and concrete technology. The current types of projects are
expected to remain highly relevant in the future: foundations, stability and rehabilitation of hydraulic structures, stability of concrete, earth and rock
fill dams, and laboratory studies of rocks, soils, concrete and other
construction materials, physical model studies of penstock bifurcations and
manifolds, post-construction stress-strain measurements, structural health of dams, uplift and pore pressures, thermal stress and strain, foundation
settlement and seepage, stability of breakwaters and retaining walls,
liquefaction potential, thermal creep and elastic properties of hydraulic structures, durable masonry and economical cement mortar, dynamic
response analysis of gravity dams. All areas are relevant and the studies on
penstock bifurcations and manifolds may be coordinated with the RAS discipline.
The strengthening of existing areas of expertise should include:
• Earthquake impact on hydraulic infrastructure
As the future developments will gradually move towards the mountains and
more seismically active zones, the importance of carrying studies on the
impact of earthquakes on structures becomes critical. There should also be strengthening of the laboratory activities with studies on a larger scale.
CWPRS should strengthen on-going research on the physical and numerical
modeling of the interaction between dams and their foundations.
Experiments involving, structures, soils and water could make tremendous contributions and bring a world-wide reputation to CWPRS.
• Retrofitting of aging hydraulic infrastructure, abrasion-resistant materials, epoxy concrete, new materials
Given that aging of hydraulic structures and the large number of dams built
more than 40 years ago, the retrofitting of existing structures should become a national priority. A substantial effort for development in this area
should be undertaken at CWPRS. The FS discipline is well placed to
assume a leadership role in collaboration with AES and other disciplines.
The challenging new areas of expertise should include:
• Thermal, geotechnical and geophysical effects on hydraulic
infrastructures
• Dam safety, tension cracks, seepage, liquefaction and stability
It seems that strengthening existing activities would be sufficient in this
discipline. Increased cross-discipline collaboration with AES seems appropriate. For instance joint research in these areas should be very
promising.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 33
6) Applied Earth Sciences (AES): This discipline is essential and vital
to the future developments on geophysical research, engineering seismology
and engineering geology. AES needs to provide expertise and services in the
main areas of geophysics, vibration technology and engineering seismology,
engineering geology such as the detection of faults, fractures, dykes and shear zones, assessment of bed material properties and volumes for
dredging, seismic refraction and ground penetrating radars, underwater and
cross-hole seismic surveys, identification of cracks in relation to permeability and seepage losses, use of chemical organic and radio-isotope
tracers for seepage reduction studies, vibration and seismic studies, design
of safe blast patterns, ultrasonic pulse studies, control blasting near dams, micro-earthquakes, and reservoir triggered seismicity. The current types of
projects are expected to remain highly relevant in the future: cross-hole
tomography, probabilistic seismic hazard, vibrations and seismic loading.
The isotope hydrology may become under scrutiny as a result of
environmental concerns. However, the importance of careful studies on cracks, seepage and structural resistance to seismic loads may justify the
means, particularly in the case of nuclear power plants.
There is complementarity in the approach where FS focuses on the impact
on hydraulic structures while AES is better equipped for field applications
and surveys. It is also important that although several methods may be similar to those of the CSMRS, the unique feature of this discipline at
CWPRS is the level of applications in the presence of water. All water-
related engineering applications should be carried out at CWPRS.
The strengthening of existing areas of expertise should include:
• Thermal, geotechnical and geophysical effects on hydraulic
infrastructures
• Dam safety, tension cracks, seepage, liquefaction and stability
AES seems best positioned to bring the expertise in geophysics and engineering geology to the benefit of better design of hydraulic structures.
CWPRS should take the lead on research on mountain hazards, landslides,
mudflows and debris flows, leading to the design of sabo dams. The aspects of field monitoring, non-intrusive methods seem best handled by the AES
discipline. Collaboration with FS is definitely warranted.
The challenging new areas of expertise should include:
• Earthquake impact on hydraulic infrastructure
• Retrofitting of aging hydraulic infrastructure, abrasion-resistant materials, epoxy concrete, new materials
CWPRS should take the lead on retrofitting old dams and water-related
infrastructure. The use of new composites, polymers and epoxy should be
pursued with greater intensity. Increased cross-discipline collaboration with AES for field applications seems desirable. CWPRS should continue its own
developments in this promising research area.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 34
7) Instrumentation, Calibration & Testing Services (ICTS): This discipline is essential and vital to the future developments on
laboratory instrumentation and data processing and should lead the future
developments on computer modeling for water-related infrastructure. ICTS
needs to provide expertise and services in the main areas of instrumentation, calibration and testing, development of sensors, data
acquisition systems, data logging and processing, SCADA, tail end water
level control systems, multiple discharge control systems, automatic tide generation systems, multi parameter data acquisition systems, Differential
Global Positioning Systems (DGPS), automatic tidal gate systems, miniature
propeller velocimeters, thermocouples and electronic gauges. ICTS shows overarching connectivity with all other disciplines.
Modernization of the equipment has become an urgent necessity. In the area of velocimetry for instance, there need to be a definite push away from
mechanical devices and towards electromagnetic, acoustic and lidar
instrumentation.
The strengthening of existing areas of expertise should include:
• Turbulence measurements and modeling, PIV, CFD
In collaboration with RAS and FS, the role of ICTS in this research area is to
work on PIV instrumentation.
• Fluid- induced vibrations
• Cavitation, surge tanks, penstocks and waterhammer research
In collaboration with RAS, the role of ICTS is to modernize the laboratory
measurement procedures, data collection and processing.
The challenging new areas of expertise should include:
• In-situ measurements for rivers, reservoirs and coastal areas
Although this is not necessarily a new research area, the methods have drastically changed in this field. For instance, river velocimetry is now
possible with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters ADV and ADCP. In some cases,
electromagnetic current meters have performed real well. There are recent
developments with the use of lidars. CWPRS need to modernize and keep up the pace. CWPRS should consider adding hydrological equipment as
well. This is a major area of development for CWPRS.
• High-power computing, SCADA, servers, data acquisition, parallel
processing, data storage, remote sensing, etc.
This is another research area where equipment needs to be modernized and
where computer support technology needs to keep up the pace.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 35
6.Recruitment and Training
CWPRS is currently understaffed to meet emerging opportunities and
challenges. CWPRS used to have 1857 sanctioned position in 2001. This number has declined to 1172 which represents a 36% decrease in research
effort at CWPRS. Table 6.1 below indicates the current (2012) number of
sanctioned and filled positions at CWPRS. The total number of sanctioned positions is 1172 compared with 931 filled positions, this represents a
shortfall of 241 positions at this time. Most important is that the shortfall is
primarily in the area of research positions (Groups A and B) where the deficit is currently of 111 research positions.
Table 6.1. Number of sanctioned and filled positions at CWPRS
(2012 data from Dr. I.D. Gupta)
Group Sanctioned Filled
Research Cadre (Group A) 186 * 127
Research Cadre (Group B) 172 120
Technical Services (Engg. Cadre) 55 44
Auxiliary Technical Services
(LA, C’man, D’man, etc.)
302 247
Ancillary Services (MTS) 275 253
Admin, Accounts & Other Services 182 140
Total 1172 931
For a research institute aiming at a world-class status, the above numbers
clearly indicate that recruitment has become a top priority at CWPRS. There
is an urgent need to increase the number of sanctioned positions in order to meet the challenges and opportunities of the new millennium. Moreover,
there are currently a total of 25 employees with a Ph.D. degree and 36
holding a M.Tech. degree. Training has also become an essential component of the future success at CWPRS. To meet the research areas described in
Section 5 with qualified personnel, recruitment and training needs are
further discussed.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 36
6.1 - Recruitment
To be fully effective, 200 Research Officers need to be added. An absolute
minimum of 100 new research officers must be added in the next five years. An appropriate number of support staff should also be added to support the
new development areas described in Section 5. A non-exclusive but
representative breakdown in the number of requested Research Officer (RO) positions follows along with an indication of which discipline they should be
associated with in italics with RO for Research Officers and relevant discipline:
• River modeling with 2-D and 3-D models (5 RO in RE)
• River restoration and stream rehabilitation (10 RO in RE)
• Point source river pollution and decontamination, advection-dispersion (15 RO in RE)
• Reservoir silting, turbidity, abrasion and sediment sluicing and flushing (5 RO in RE, RRSM and RAS)
• Distributed flash flood modeling during extreme events (5 RO in RRSM)
• Urban runoff modeling, detention storage, channel incision control
(10 RO in RRSM)
• Integrated river basin management and best management practices (5 RO ST in RRSM)
• Non-point source pollution, irrigation and drainage, water quality in
agricultural areas (5 RO in RRSM)
• Hydrometeorology of extreme events, satellite data transmission, delayed
monsoons, climate change, sea level rise (10 RO in RRSM)
• Environmentally-friendly hydromachinery and hydraulic structures, fish
ladders (5 RO in RAS and RE)
• Energy dissipation, stepped spillways, baffle blocks (5 RO in RAS)
• Fluid- induced vibrations (10 RO in RAS, FS and ICTS)
• Turbulence measurements and modeling, PIV, CFD (10 RO in ICTS and RAS)
• Cavitation, surge tanks, penstocks and waterhammer research (5 RO in RAS and ICTS)
• Thermal hydraulic engineering, cooling of nuclear and thermal power plants
(10 RO in COE and AES)
• Tsunami research (15 RO in COE)
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 37
• Coastal Environment, mangroves, tidal wetlands, and fisheries (5 RO in COE)
• Coastal modeling in 2-D and 3-D (5 RO in COE)
• Earthquake impact on hydraulic infrastructure (15 RO in FS)
• Thermal, geotechnical and geophysical effects on hydraulic infrastructures (5 RO in AES and FS)
• Dam safety, tension cracks, seepage, liquefaction and stability (10 in AES and FS)
• Retrofitting of aging hydraulic infrastructure, abrasion-resistant materials,
epoxy concrete, new materials (10 RO in FS and AES)
• In-situ measurements for rivers, reservoirs and coastal areas (10 RO in ICTS)
• High-power computing, SCADA, servers, data acquisition, parallel
processing, data storage, remote sensing, etc. (10 RO in ICTS)
Recruitment would be possible from top Universities in India and among
students who completed M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in the US and in Europe. Graduates from universities with large laboratories in hydraulics, river
engineering and coastal engineering would be valuable persons to hire at
CWPRS. If no recent graduate can be found or recruited, it would be well worth sending some of the most talented and deserving young engineers and
scientists for training abroad. Some of the knowledge gained overseas can
be tremendously beneficial. The possibility to invite young graduates for a visit and possible job interview can save tremendous resources to see if the
candidate’s research fits well within the mission of CWPRS. For example,
the USBR has been very successful at recruiting top graduates with Ph.D.’s
from the best schools in fluid mechanics around the U.S. The advantage has been to recruit young and talented individuals who now assume
leadership positions at the institution.
6.2 - Training
Training can be viewed both for reaching a higher level of competence in the current research areas, develop new areas of activities, or also may be
viewed as a way to stimulate development and growth and reward the most
deserving employees of CWPRS. Three levels of training needs should be
considered:
(1) Long-term training - The first level of training should be long-term
training for junior employees. It should focus on technical areas of expertise under development or improvement. At the M.S. level, the
trainee can learn the state-of-the-art on a given subject. The M.S.
level training can be done either with thesis (normally takes 2 years) or without thesis (normally 1 ½ year). The advantage of a thesis is to
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 38
allow the student to learn to write a long document in English.
Training for a Ph.D. degree is also possible but a complete degree requires 3-4 years. It is understood here that given the shorter time
commitment, it may be impracticable to send people abroad for Ph.D.
studies. Nevertheless, the value of training for Ph.D. degrees can be emphasized. In the United States for instance, the trainee will learn
from a broad spectrum of subjects in the water areas and will develop
skills for computer modeling and in some cases in physical modeling. The other big advantage is in the ability to write a dissertation that
makes a new contribution to a given topic. The candidates can search
the literature, use the latest computer skills, take a new subject for study and explore the new areas in a comprehensive manner and
bring cutting-edge technology back to CWPRS. Personally, institutes
that approached me for a visit before sending students to work with
me, were able to define research projects for the trainees that were directly linked to their own institutional research goals and activities.
In very general terms, computer needs could be fulfilled by recruiting
native students who studied abroad, and particularly in the US. Their ability to run computer models and set up computer networks should
be beneficial to CWPRS. There should also be some long-term US
training definitely in the area of river restoration, integrated river basin management, GIS, 2-D and 3-D computer modeling, and
possibly to Japan for disaster prevention and coastal engineering.
Long-term training should be linked with a commitment to stay with CWPRS upon completion of the training requirement.
(2) Short-term training - The second type of training should be termed
short-term training on specialized subjects for mid-career employees. The duration can vary between several weeks and a few months.
CWPRS employees may have the opportunity to travel abroad, or
international experts can be invited for a certain period of time. It is quite effective to invite an expert to give a short course for several
weeks or a few months. The cost of inviting an expert is usually much
less than sending trainees abroad. The possibilities for junior employees can be beneficial in terms of knowledge gained from the
short-term training experience. The opportunity can also be very
welcome for mid-career and senior employees who want to see how research is done elsewhere. It is often very useful for the trainee to
give a seminar presentation on their own research activities. Foreign
seminars always require tremendous energy levels from the trainees, particularly while traveling overseas with jet lag and demanding travel
schedules. This possibility is excellent to increase the visibility of your
own institute and research. There should be some long-term plan for
regular or periodical short-term visits with international experts. This could include a combination of opportunities for senior CWPRS
researchers to exchange at the global scale as well as the possibility to
invite international experts on a long-term basis for sabbaticals, extended stays, short-courses or for periodical appointments as
reviewers and advisory board members.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 39
The following presents a breakdown of training needs in line with the new
research areas for each discipline. The abbreviations LTT and ST stands for long-term training and short-term training respectively. The very high priority is designated with ***, high with ** and medium with *.
River Engineering (2 crores)
• River restoration and stream rehabilitation (LTT ***) • River modeling with 2-D and 3-D models (LTT ***) • Point source river pollution and decontamination, advection-dispersion (ST *) • Reservoir silting, turbidity, abrasion and sediment sluicing and flushing (ST**)
River and Reservoir Systems Modelling (2 cr)
• Distributed flash flood modeling during extreme events (LTT***) • Urban runoff modeling, detention storage, channel incision control (ST*) • Integrated river basin management and best management practices (LTT**) • Non-point source pollution, irrigation and drainage, water quality in agricultural areas (LTT*) • Hydrometeorology of extreme events, satellite data transmission, delayed monsoons,
climate change, sea level rise (LTT**)
Reservoirs and Appurtenant Structures (2 cr)
• Environmentally-friendly hydro and hydraulic structures, fish ladders (ST*) • Energy dissipation, stepped spillways, baffle blocks (LTT**) • Fluid- induced vibrations (LTT**) • Cavitation, surge tanks, penstocks and waterhammer research (ST*)
Coastal and Offshore Engineering (1 cr)
• Thermal hydraulic engineering, cooling of nuclear and thermal power plants (ST***) • Tsunami research (ST***) • Coastal Environment, mangroves, tidal wetlands, and fisheries (ST*) • Coastal modeling in 2-D and 3-D (LTT*)
Foundations and Structures (2 cr)
• Earthquake impact on hydraulic infrastructure (LTT***) • Retrofitting of aging hydraulic infrastructure, abrasion-resistant materials, epoxy concrete,
new materials (ST**)
Applied Earth Sciences (2 cr)
• Thermal, geotechnical and geophysical effects on hydraulic infrastructures (ST**) • Dam safety, tension cracks, seepage, liquefaction and stability (LTT***)
Instrumentation, Calibration and Testing Services (3 cr)
• Turbulence measurements and modeling, PIV, CFD (LTT***) • In-situ measurements for rivers, reservoirs and coastal areas (ST**) • High-power computing, SCADA, servers, data acquisition, parallel processing, data storage,
remote sensing, etc. (LTT***)
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 40
In reviewing the needs for each discipline in terms of long-term and short-
term training, it is my recommendation that the following areas should be given the highest priority:
Long-term training on 2-D modeling of rivers and sedimentation. Short-term training on river restoration and stream rehabilitation.
Long-term training on distributed modeling (GIS-based) of surface
runoff and urban flashfloods, and modeling of dam-break and reservoir silting/sluicing.
Long-term training on turbulence and CFD modeling with Fluent or FLOW-3D. Training on the use of PIV (this could be short-term
training). This also includes data acquisition systems and high-power
computing. Modeling in 2-D and 3-D of sediment transport processes
may be a good subject for advanced degrees in engineering.
Long-term training on liquefaction, vibrations and earthquake
engineering. Also on the hydromechanics interaction between fluid-induced vibrations and metals (pipes, gates, etc.)
Short-term training on tsunami research, environmental coastal
processes, mangrove and wetlands. Long/short-term training on modeling of thermal advection and diffusion and mixing processes
from manifolds and other hydraulic structures in relation to nuclear
and thermal power plants.
Short-term training on the use of geophysical methods to determine
the properties of concrete (density, porosity, cracking, etc.) to retrofit aging hydraulic infrastructure.
Short-term training on cavitation, hydromachinery, acoustic and
electromagnetic velocimetry.
(3) Short visits - The third type of training should be for senior research officers and joint directors. Short visits (usually less than one week)
are deemed appropriate to visit international institutes and
universities. These trips may be for presentation at a conference, participation in an international forum, service on a televised
international panel... These visits can provide useful information on
active research programs in foreign countries. Some administrators
enjoy developing international memoranda of understanding (IMOU). Personally, I am not particularly fond of such initiatives since they
require a lot of time for paperwork. In many instances, the turnover
in administrative personnel becomes a hindering factor. IMOU’s can nevertheless become useful when there are research collaborators to
follow up after the paperwork is in place. Long friendships and
exceptional collaboration leading to great papers, manuals and projects can greatly enhance the visibility and reputation of CWPRS
and prove to be most effective on the long-term. Administrators or
team leaders should get involved in national and international
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 41
committees. Such activities require a serious time commitment which
is most often not remunerated. However, the ability to see what is going on elsewhere explores new ways of doing things. This
opportunity could be brought up as a reward for excellent work and
should include visits to some large laboratories around the world, short-term training from leading experts invited at CWPRS, visits of
particular laboratories and foreign peer institutions, some short-term
training for short courses in the U.S. or Europe. The training activities should require additional tasks from the trainees, such as
the requirement to present a paper at a Conference, or at the visiting
institution. Possibly, a link should be established with someone of the visited institution. This can provide essential information on the
timing of the visit, persons to contact and other activities going on at
the time of the visit. Something important during the short-term
visits is the need to have an interpreter to enable communication and facilitate the travel schedule. For instance, many foreign groups
visiting us at CSU were totally unprepared and unable to
communicate, which left a lasting impression on how disorganized they really were. Foreign visits should be prepared ahead of time and
in some countries, a good interpreter may be incredibly resourceful.
Short visits would be valuable for the leadership team comprised of the
Director and Joint Directors and perhaps selected Chief Research Officers.
Short visits would be beneficial in the following areas:
Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory and the Environmental Laboratory
at the Engineering Research development Center in Vicksburg, MS,
USA.
A visit of the Four Major River Restoration Project in South Korea.
River and Sedimentation research facilities in China at Tsinghua
University, and the Wuhan Hydraulic Institute in China.
Energy dissipation facilities at the ETHZ in Zurich, Switzerland.
The Disaster Prevention Research Institute in Kyoto, Japan.
Additional information on a discipline-wise training needs for CWPRS can be found in Appendix A. These lists have been reviewed and discussed during
my 2nd visit from July 23-27, 2012. All requests are reasonable and subject
to budget availability and approval by the Director of CWPRS.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 42
7. Infrastructure and Research Facilities
In terms of overall infrastructure, the buildings and large scale research
facilities are first considered. The overall research infrastructure at CWPRS used to benefit from infrastructure support for equipment and training from
the UNDP from 1970-1998. The UNDP funded ~ $21,358,678 million USD
for the upkeep of the facilities and training, and this primarily from 1972 to 1998 (detailed list in Julien 2012). For instance the last significant UNDP
investment into the infrastructure of CWPRS was about $2 million USD
from 1990-1998. Since 1998, the lack of investment in the research infrastructure has been detrimental to the overall research operations at
CWPRS. The laboratories and research offices are equipped with furniture
far from world-class levels.
7.1 – Existing building renovation
Director Gupta and his team have somehow managed to maintain the facilities operational, although the vast majority of research buildings and
laboratories is clearly aging. For instance, some very large buildings near
the entrance have been left for commemoration. These buildings have not been used for several decades, perhaps half a century, and in some cases
roofs are caving in and large trees have established permanent roots. This
is not in line with the standards for a world-class institute. Dr. Gupta
mentioned that he already has a plan to demolish these obsolete facilities. My point here is that the entire building infrastructure has been neglected
not for a year or two, but for several decades. The lack of resources has
definitely contributed to the situation regarding the research infrastructure. There is an urgent need for major capital investment to meet the challenges
of the 21st century. It is worth mentioning that the current leadership team
at CWPRS deserves the credit for the recent construction of two buildings: (1) a large new auditorium in which I was apparently the first speaker; and
(2) a new large coastal engineering laboratory completed about 2 years ago.
Dr. Gupta and the leadership team have prepared proposals for the renovation of twelve buildings in disrepair and the list given below must be
given top priority.
The itemized building renovation request found below in Table 7.1 is for a total of ~ 10 crores for the renovations of the existing buildings.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 43
Table 7.1 List of buildings in urgent need for renovation (from Dr. Gupta)
Name of the buildings to be renovated Approximate Plinth Area
in sqm
Tentative cost in
Rs. (lakh)
Office-cum-laboratory building (OCL) - Three storied (constructed around 1965)
2400 360.00
(DOHI) - Two storied (constructed around 1969)
2200 70.00
Coastal Engineering and Research Centre (CERC) - Two storied (constructed around
1971)
630 65.00
Coastal Data Centre (CDC) - Two storied (constructed around 2000)
450 10.00
Ship Hydrodynamics (SH) - Single storied (constructed around 1962)
3000 60.00
Hydromechanics (HM) - Single storied
(constructed around 1957)
1500 75.00
Cavitation -Three storied (constructed around 1961)
250 50.00
Improvement of Canal Control (ICC) - Single storied (constructed around 2000)
440 5.00
Central Work Shop (WS) - Single storied
(constructed around 1949)
1125 50.00
Central Store - Single storied (constructed
around 1950)
2200 45.00
Sub-division Office of Assistant Executive
Engineer (Civil) (AEE- Civil) - Single storied (constructed around 1950)
200 50.00
Instrumentation Workshop - Single storied (constructed around 1963)
1600 35.00
Sub-total 875.00
~ 10 cr
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 44
The renovated buildings should benefit from the following:
Continuous power – Power outages are frequent at CWPRS which may
last from a few minutes to a half hour. These disrupt all measuring devices and cause considerable delay to the experimental research.
Such power outages are not acceptable in a world-class institution. It
is essential to maintain continuous power supply at CWPRS.
Control rooms – Renovation of the control rooms in most large
laboratories with modern computer equipment and appropriate data acquisition systems and data processing equipment. Wireless
connections to measurement probes and devices should be provided
whenever possible.
Office space – Renovation of office space with replacement of old
desks, tables, chairs, book cases and replace with new desktops and
laptops with flat screens, decent chairs, lighting, dry-erase boards, and discard old CRT monitors, etc.
Air circulation - Adequate air circulation, HVAC, fans and air conditioning in some areas would be desirable (the temperature in
several offices and water quality laboratories were excessively hot
during the first visit in June). Pune, normally benefits from rather nice weather and better air circulation (AC should not be necessary)
should be provided in the large-scale hydraulic and coastal
laboratories. However, the control centers and RO offices should have fans or AC available, along with adequate workspaces.
Building infrastructure - The main building infrastructure should be checked for structural damage. Cracked masonry should be
resurfaced, some signs and boards in front of some buildings and
some laboratory flumes could be renewed. Ancient windows need to
be replaced in most buildings and laboratories, entrances should be inviting, office doors and hallways should be well lit and repainted,
and there should be some meeting rooms in all buildings with dry-
erase white boards for discussion. Parking lots should be paved with covered areas for scooters. There should be concrete, dry and covered
walkways between buildings (currently there are muddy areas
between several buildings, particularly during the wet monsoon).
Electrical and plumbing – Some electrical and plumbing installations
probably date to colonial times and may be somewhat dangerous. It was noticeable that several toilets were leaking during my visit of
remote laboratory buildings. Such things should be operational and
the electrical wiring is also a safety issue for all laboratory employees in a world-class research institute like CWPRS.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 45
7.2 – New large research facilities
Large research facilities considered here include structures that are too
large to be considered equipment. For instance large facilities can be
hangars, laboratory space, hydraulic flumes or large-scale physical models. There is no vendor for research facilities and the construction can be
contracted out. It is considered that the following large facilities (~ 25cr) are
essential to meet the needs for the new water-related research areas from Section 5:
A new flume for tsunami research (10 cr) - A tsunami flume could
be built in refurbishing existing facilities in disrepair in the Coastal Laboratory. The new tsunami flume could be designed to maintain a
dual purpose for single waves and/or random wave generators for
breakwater studies. This research facility would primarily support the COE discipline, and ICTS would definitely need to be involved with
data acquisition and processing.
Eco-hydraulic research facility (8 cr) - A large eco-hydraulic facility
for the interaction between rivers and ecosystems. This facility can be
used for the analysis of river restoration, urban flooding, sediment
contamination, mining impact, fluvial geomorphology, riparian habitat, water quality modeling, and interaction with the aquatic
ecosystems. The resources should support the outdoor large scale
physical modeling activities of the RE discipline and should also support some of the activities of RRSM and RAS as well.
Hydro-vibration research facilities (4 cr) - A new large vibration table (~ 3m x 6m) should be built for the analysis of the effects of
earthquakes and vibrations on soils and hydraulic structures. This
would be important for the analysis of liquefaction, dynamic stability
of dams and other hydraulic structures during earthquakes. The facility may be housed in existing laboratory space. The resources
should support the physical modeling activities of the FS discipline
and should link more closely with activities of AES and RAS as well.
Hydro-thermal laboratory facilities (3 cr) - This will enable better
understanding and design of cooling systems for thermal and nuclear power plants. This includes the experimental analysis of diffusion
and dispersion as well as thermal stratification and salinity intrusion
problems. The laboratory space is currently available in the existing facilities. The resources should support the physical modeling
activities of the COE discipline and should link more closely with
RRSM, AES and FS.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 46
7.3 – New buildings for emerging research
To meet the challenges of the new millennium as detailed in Section 5, two new buildings are desirable to support the emerging research areas of all
research disciplines.
New Building #1 - Center for Eco-Hydraulic Research (CEHR)
A new building should be constructed (~ 18 cr) for the establishment of a
new Eco-Hydraulic Research Center. The first building would meet the needs for emerging research in environmental river and coastal areas (RE
and COE), as well as support the 2-D and 3-D computer modeling activities
in the other disciplines (RRSM, RAS, FS, AES and ICTS). This building should be located near the large laboratories to stimulate exchange between
physical modelers and numerical modelers. For instance, it could be
physically located between the river and coastal engineering laboratories. The main components of this new building would be in the following areas:
Advanced Computational Center (ACC) – The 2-D and 3-D modeling
capabilities for rivers, reservoirs and coastal areas could be merged into a single center within this new building. For instance, facilities
with a main server, high performance computers and a host of
numerical models could be available in this center.
Data Acquisition and Processing Center (DAPC) – A center for the data
acquisition storage retrieval and processing of laboratory
measurements. This center should have the capabilities to retrieve and store multi-channel and multi-dimensional data received from all
physical laboratories at the station. The center would provide
software for data acquisition, storage, processing and displaying. For instance, this could provide centralized operations for wireless data
acquisition from the coastal laboratories, SCADA, ADCP and PIV,
Geophysics. It may also include connection to satellites and provide 3D and 4D visual capabilities, graphics, time to frequency domain
transformations, etc. These capabilities could also be spread-out
throughout all laboratories while keeping central services for data display.
Surface Water Quality Laboratory (SWQL) – The current water quality modeling group could expand its operations into large laboratory
space devoted to the laboratory analysis of water quality in rivers,
reservoirs and coastal areas. There could be an expansion of the
activities on measuring water quality parameters like temperature, pH, BOD, fluorometry, organics, nitrates and phosphates and their
impact on eutrophication and algae growth and control. The analysis
should include the analysis of chemicals and industrial waste in surface waters, inorganics like PCB’s, and other similar contaminants.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 47
There could be new operations in relation to mining industries, as well
as concentrations of heavy metals in adsorbed, dissolved and particulate phase, volatilization and photolysis, actinides, etc. The
current investigations on macrophytes and plankton should be
expanded to include chemicals, coliforms, steroids, pharmaceuticals and bacterial growth in surface waters. The new building could also
host new research in hydro-epidemiology.
River and Coastal Restoration (RACR) - New research areas relative to
river restoration, stream rehabilitation, sediment contamination and
management of spoiled dredged materials, aquatic habitat, stream ecology, riparian habitat, minimum in-stream flow needs, fish and
wildlife studies, reconstructed wetlands and coastal mangroves and
tidal wetlands. Environmental Impact Studies could be conducted with the greater capabilities of physical and numerical modeling.
There could also be economical impact studies, riverfront property
development, canal boating or recreation, fishing, bike path and water
parks in the vicinity of rivers, hydro-tourism, etc.
New Building #2 - Welcome Center with Administrative Services (WCAS)
A new building should be constructed (~7 cr) near the main entrance of the
Research Station. This building would serve the following functions:
Welcome Center with a few physical displays, flat screens and videos
A contracting office for the preparation of research contracts with CWPRS clients
Meeting rooms for the clients and visitors in small (8-10) and larger
groups (20-25) A Public Relations’ Office with publications and printing capabilities
for reports and posters, data archival, institutional statistics and
annual reports, main server and firewall for the CWPRS network
services and web page. Satellite data access with data transmission and retrieval –this could
also be located at the CEHR
Video- and tele-conferencing capabilities Training Center for short courses. The room should accommodate 30-
40 people with high tech computers smart boards and could be
combined with the video-conferencing capabilities. A cafeteria for the clients, staff and visitors. The cafeteria should be a
central point for lunches and exchanges of ideas among all
researchers at the station. A power control center with a power generator and non-interruptible
power supply to secure continuous power for computational and
physical modeling experiments. This generator may be located somewhere else if too noisy.
The Director’s Office and relevant office space for support staff
Note that the proposed new building would be in the vicinity of the
new auditorium.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 48
8. Equipment and Software
Per the discussion in Section 7, the need to renovate the equipment and
computers cannot be overemphasized given that it has been 15 years since a major investment in the research infrastructure has been made at CWPRS.
To face the daunting challenges for the design of world-class water-related
infrastructure like thermal and nuclear power plants that are facing tsunamis, floods, and earthquakes, the engineers and scientists at CWPRS
need to be equipped with the latest technology. There is no doubt that a
substantial upgrade in equipment, hardware and software would add a tremendous dimension to the capabilities of CWPRS. In the new
millennium, technology has changed and CWPRS needs to keep up the pace.
For instance, laboratories world-wide have replaced propeller-type velocity
measuring devices with electronic equipment, e.g. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (e.g. ADCP, ADV…) and electromagnetic devices (e.g. Marsh
McBirney…). Other distributed systems like GIS, PIV, multi-spectral
scanners, are becoming standards of practice, along with wireless communication. The needs at CWPRS are as much in hardware as software.
It is difficult to assess the exact proportion of physical/field modeling
activity in comparison with numerical modeling activities. My recommendation is to give a top priority to physical modeling such that
laboratory and field measurement capabilities remain far greater than the
numerical modeling. CWPRS would be highly competitive with an approximate ratio of numerical to physical modeling around 25%.
In terms of computer software, the availability of freeware has increased tremendously in the United States. Some vendors still harvest considerable
sums of money for “executable” codes rather than “source” codes. It is
viewed that the training of young research officers may be more valuable
than the purchase of commercial software. The problem with most commercial software is that the user cannot look inside the “box” to find out
what the model is really simulating. In the case of CWPRS where engineers
and scientists are challenged to come up with the best possible solutions to complex problems involving nuclear plants, tsunamis, dam break floods and
excessive urban floods, the simple use of canned programs is not sufficient.
The engineers and scientists need to know what is inside the programs and must be able to make code modifications to fulfill their specific project
needs. At CWPRS there is a greater need to have people trained in
developing their own programs than in people capable to used canned programs and procedures. Training abroad usually develops the ability to
find suitable codes and models. During their training, graduate students
typically develop or find models with source codes freely available, or at very
low cost. The availability of source codes is a tremendous asset in allowing the adaptability to different conditions by programming new algorithms that
are best suited to the problems and conditions found in India. The general
saying that the modeler is at least as valuable as the software prevails in water resources engineering. It is viewed that CWPRS would gain
tremendous benefits from hiring graduate engineering and scientists from
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 49
IIT or from universities in the United States and Europe. It should be added
that commercial software for Computational Fluid Dynamics (e.g. Flow-3D or Fluent) are highly recommended. On the other hand other commercial
packages tend to be expensive and they are based on technology developed
several decades ago. For instance, it is not clear why Mike 11 should be purchased when HEC-RAS is doing the same thing for free. The purchase of
executables may be viable on the short term. However, to become a first-
class research institute, the development of some new models in river or coastal engineering should become desirable. World-class institutes tend to
develop their own products, equipment and software. The leadership in the
coastal engineering with MORMOT and NAVIGA should serve as a very good example for all disciplines. Continued development of these two software
packages and testing with laboratory and field measurements should be
given priority. Since CWPRS is developing expertise in certain areas, they
could also potentially market some of their own products and get some return for the equipment and software that is developed in-house (e.g.
NAVIGA, MORMOT, and flow meters…). The suggested plan would have an
Advanced Computational Center (ACC), as described in Section 7.3. Computer models could be centralized at the ACC and a number of different
codes could be made available for the users of all disciplines. Among others,
the system could host a number of codes including:
codes for CFD modeling in FLUENT, ANSYS, FLOW-3D
turbulent mixing CORMIX
river modeling HEC-RAS, RMA-2, DAMBRK, Mike
distributed modeling, GIS, ARC-GIS, ERDAS, TREX
decision support systems, MODSIM
coastal models, SUNTANS, TELEMAC, OUTRAY
navigation NAVIGA and MORMOT
geo-hydraulic models GEOSLOPE, FLAC3-D, Distinct EM…
The issue of proprietary equipment and software has been raised and seems
to be a nagging problem that increases the cost of projects and operations.
Well, this problem is shared with all peer institutions around the world. It has to be understood that the reason some software is proprietary is to
offset the real cost of putting this piece of equipment or software on the
market in the first place. In a large and resourceful institute like CWPRS, there are many ways to be very creative at developing new tools and
techniques that will reduce the dependency on proprietary software and
hardware. One effective way to cope with these costs is to distribute the cost of proprietary equipment/software over several projects or users. This
is probably the most effective way to deal with proprietary items that are
indispensable. In some cases, some expensive costs for proprietary software
can be avoided. Some commercial software are found not to be very useful in the U.S. because many people have developed equivalent and better
performing software packages at a fraction of the cost. In many cases,
software can be found for free and are available on the web. Finally, I would argue that simple collaboration with universities has been a tremendous
way to reduce the cost of proprietary software. For instance, in my own
research group at CSU, we have developed CASC2D and TREX. The
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 50
material from completed research projects, dissertations, theses and
manuals, and this includes the source code of new software, is made available on the web and accessible to all. As a result, the USACE and the
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation worked with us to develop new software. They
brought the source codes back to their offices and adapted the new software to their own institutional needs and standards of practice. Several countries
(e.g. South Korea and Malaysia) are now sending students for long term
training with us to learn how to use our software. These individuals earn a degree in taking part to the development of the software. Upon return, they
bring this knowledge and freeware back home for the development of water
resources in their own countries. This is one aspect of collaboration that I discussed in my seminar at CWPRS on “The Power of Collaborative
Research.”
A detailed list of needed equipment (hardware and software) has been
established for each of the seven disciplines at CWPRS. The lists are
presented in a discipline-wise fashion and the items are prioritized with the
most important item on top of the list. The equipment lists include the type, the supplier and cost in an itemized fashion. The list in Appendix B itemizes
the needs and an estimated cost of 16 cr should meet the current equipment
needs. These items do not present a once for all solution to the equipment and software needs. Further internal discussion should be going on at
CWPRS to prioritize its own needs.
One important factor is that like all other peer institutions, CWPRS cannot
be all things to all people. Each discipline has to make practical decisions
and recommend which pieces of equipment/software and relevant training are absolutely essential to their operations and discard those that are not
worthy of purchasing. The priorities should come from the project-based
demand. Recent trends among past and the schedule of future projects
should be carefully examined. What were the equipment and software needed in the projects of the past decade? What is the new technology that
is becoming available on the market? What are the emerging and promising
areas of research that would help the nation develop? What is the schedule of the forthcoming projects CWPRS? In periodically seeking answers to
these questions, the equipment needs can be identified by each discipline.
Each discipline can then make its own choices and develop accordingly. Perhaps the only exception to this would be in the field of computer
technology where the developments in hardware are so rapid that only
computer scientists can provide valuable assistance in charting the future needs for the entire research station. A consultant may review the needs
and bring an outsider perspective and suggest other things. However, it is
very difficult for any external consultant to fully recognize the breadth of
research activities going on at CWPRS. The process essentially needs to mature from the inside rather than be imposed from the outside. Some
institutional thinking needs to take place and the role of a consultant may
simply be to initiate the process.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 51
9. Operational Management and Budget
This section revisits a discussion on the relative isolation of CWPRS
previously discussed in section 4. Some suggestions will be offered in terms of operational management. One of the main issues discussed in this
section is whether or not CWPRS should consider reaching autonomous
status. Additional information regarding ways to improve productivity and
visibility are covered, alongside a budget and timeline for the future developments at CWPRS. The following issues should be considered:
Autonomous status: The possibility of seeking autonomous status for
CWPRS has been given serious consideration. On July 26, 2012, Drs.
Gupta, Bhosekar and myself visited two autonomous institutes in Pune (the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology IITM of the Indian Meteorological
Department, and the National Chemical Laboratory NCL). These two visits
were very instrumental and educative, and detailed notes from the visits can
be found in Julien (2012). The high profile of these two institutes seems to stem from: (1) a highly competitive and selective recruitment process; (2)
great research facilities; (3) a vibrant research environment; and (4) strong
connection with the outside world. At CWPRS, the autonomous status would be very beneficial in order to: (1) reduce the administrative paperwork
with the Ministry of Water Resources; (2) provide a more selective and direct
involvement in the hiring of world-class new employees; (3) open up new possibilities with international contracts; (4) enable employees at CWPRS to
participate in international conferences; and (5) provide flexibility and
reduced paperwork for the CWPRS Director. There seems to be no difference with the advantages and privileges of the employees since the
employment status through the Government of India is the same
with/without autonomous status. It is important to note that in a change to
autonomous status, the CWPRS employees should retain all the privileges that they currently have. It seems that CWPRS employees could only gain
new opportunities in changing to autonomous status. When the
autonomous status was discussed with the joint directors, they expressed a concern regarding the continuity in the transition process from the current
state to autonomous status which may take 2-3 years to be fully approved.
It was mentioned that Director Gupta’s retirement is scheduled for September 2013 and none of the Joint Directors would be eligible for the
Director position before 2015. It is most important to preserve continuity in
the transformation process to autonomous status. This could be achieved either by extending Dr. Gupta’s Director appointment until 2015, or by
allowing one of the current Joint Directors (M.N. Singh, V.G. Bhave, V.
Bhosekar, M.D. Kudale, S. Govindan, R.S. Ramteke or P.K. Goel) to assume
the Director position upon the retirement of Dr. Gupta. In all events it is most important not to allow an external candidate to assume the CWPRS
Director position during the transition period to autonomous status.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 52
Increased productivity: Institutional productivity always starts with a
healthy work environment. It is therefore important to practice high quality
standards in Workplace Health and Safety (WH&S), particularly in the “hard
hat” laboratories or in areas dealing with chemicals and isotopes. It is also important to involve the employees in the decision making process so that
they feel some ownership and attachment to the future developments of
CWPRS. A forward looking research environment is always a source of additional commitment to a research station. The work atmosphere can
change drastically when employees see positive improvements in the quality
of their work environment. CWPRS is currently understaffed as previously
discussed in Section 6. As stated previously, there is an urgent need to recruit and train research officers, to rejuvenate the research infrastructure
and facilities, and to renew the equipment and software. With a renewed
commitment of resources to CWPRS and by recruiting dynamic young research officers and with careful mentoring from the senior researchers,
the productivity and the national and international reputation of the entire
research station will soar. The senior members can be very successful at mentoring junior colleagues. They can collaborate on research, share
contacts and get younger members motivated. This mentoring speeds up
the formation and career development of young scientists and engineers. Young scientists will bring new methods and new ways of doing things,
which can be highly beneficial to increase the productivity of important
projects.
The following recommendations regarding productivity should be carefully
considered if CWPRS vision is to become a world-class Center of Excellence:
• CWPRS should have the authority to hire their new employees.
CWPRS should be actively involved in the recruitment and hiring of
new employees. They should proactively look into recent graduates from engineering schools in India and abroad.
• CWPRS should have the authority to dismiss non-performing employees from their functions. The increased responsibility of
CWPRS engineers and scientists in the design of large water-related
infrastructure for public safety has to be recognized. There is an unprecedented demand to design safe infrastructure like nuclear and
thermal power plants, dams and pipelines against the devastating
forces of tsunamis, earthquakes, extreme floods, etc. This
responsibility needs to be assumed by bright and experienced engineers and scientists. There is no room at CWPRS for people who
do not want to reach the highest possible standards of performance
and professional ethics. Such employees may be transferred to regional offices, or areas of the GoI with reduced responsibilities.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 53
Increased visibility of CWPRS: there are numerous ways to increase
the visibility of CWPRS. A basic commitment to outreach is indicated and this can be motivated at different levels including the following:
• Collaborate. Research collaboration with universities and other research institutes is highly desirable. As discussed during my seminar
presentation on July 23, 2012, this can lead to better visibility of the large
laboratory facilities. Collaboration with universities can lead to refereed publications in scientific journals since most professors are required to write
significant articles. CWPRS would also gain in providing exposure of their
facilities to promising young scientists and engineers. For instance, CWPRS
could develop very fruitful collaboration with academic institutions: (1) in offering large laboratory facilities that cannot be found in universities; and
(2) CWPRS should be able to recruit and host numerous graduate students
who want to solve problems of national importance. This can become a great recruitment tool for CWPRS. This level of activity is already present
but seems to always require the involvement of CWPRS director. It seems
that a broader-based extension of the collaboration with universities offers a unique outreach potential at this time. CWPRS should also develop
research with other national institutes in India. For instance, there should
be a definite increased commitment to environmental issues, e.g. clean-up of thrash on land and leaching into rivers, and collaboration with relevant
ministries in the public health sector. Clean-up of land and water resources
is perhaps one of the greatest national challenges. Success may start with a
single experimental study site where the integrated river basin management concepts of RRSM could be directly applied for environmental clean-up.
There is no better place to start such an initiative than at CWPRS. There
may be involvement and funding from NGO’s on this as well. A single successful research-based initiative may spread out to the entire country.
The potential rewards from such an initiative would be tremendous for
CWPRS. Collaboration with the National Institute of Hydrology also comes to mind regarding joint research in climate and hydrology as input to
hydraulic and river engineering studies of the RRSM. On projects involving
groundwater, the FS and AES disciplines may expand collaboration with the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB). Some research activities in the FS and
AES disciplines bear similarity with the activities of the Central Soil and
Material Research Station (CSMRS). The distinction should be drawn that
all research involving water-related problems and infrastructure should be dealt with at CWPRS. For instance, mudflows and debris flows and bedrock
blasting near dams should be considered at CWPRS. Collaboration on
landslides may be a good joint research opportunity because research applications on impact of roads and foundations could be done at CSMRS
while the applications on landslide impact inside a reservoir (like the
landslide-generated wave inside Vajont Dam in Italy) should be carried out at CWPRS. CWPRS may also host foreign and national visitors for an
extended period of time from a week to a few months. Housing facilities
were under renovations when I visited. This is a great step in the right direction.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 54
• Reach out and get involved. Participation at national and
international conferences is also very important to increase visibility. Participation and involvement on national committees is also important.
Reaching out also implies a lot of travel and additional working hours. Pune
airport may not be the most readily accessible, but it is nevertheless very important to travel and meet clients, partners and collaborators. All
activities involving short courses, seminars, international forum, lectures at
IIT’s should be extremely beneficial. The following list of short courses could be developed for either training at CWPRS or at universities like U. Pune, the
network of IIT universities with expertise in water like IIT Mumbai, IIT
Roorkee, IIT Chennai, IIT Kharagpur and IIT Kanpur. When the buildings are fully constructed, it would then become interesting to offer short courses
in the following areas: (1) River engineering; (2) Sediment flushing and
sluicing; (3) Coastal engineering breakwaters; (4) Navigation programs
NAVIGA and MORMOT; (5) Energy dissipators; (6) Earthquake impact on hydraulic structures; (7) Retrofitting of aging infrastructure; (8) Masonry
resurfacing and abrasion resistant materials; (9) Vibrations of hydraulic
gates and structures; and (10) Cavitation and hydromachinery testing, etc.
• Publish or perish. The ability to publish in top refereed journals is
perhaps the highest landmark of recognition that can be achieved for a research institution. CWPRS can collaborate (rather than compete) with
academic institutions as previously mentioned. The ability to write joint
refereed papers can merge the ability of young professors and scientists to carry out theoretical work with the innate ability of professional engineers
and scientists at CWPRS to perform applied research on projects of national
significance. CWPRS also has the unique opportunity to write very important manuals and codes of practice in the fields relative to water.
These standard codes and manuals can then be taught in universities for all
engineers working in certain fields. This can lead to important national
reports, guidelines and definition of better national standards of practice in the engineering profession. Productive workers can be rewarded with a
reduced load (instead of an increased load) to allow them time to develop
and reach high levels of excellence. For instance it takes a lot of time and effort to write books, manuals and standards of practice. To allow the most
prolific writers to develop their skills can yield tremendous institutional
payoffs and increase the reputation of CWPRS.
• Cherish a new look? Nowadays, a great deal of visibility can be
gained through the design of web pages. The institution can share and distribute numerous manuals, codes, books, reports and material relevant
to research activities. The example of the Hydrologic Engineering Center in
Sacramento California should be praised for its world-wide distribution of
free software for the analysis of surface runoff and river flows with sediment transport. The HEC-RAS model has been used and distributed world-wide
without any attempt to make profit, but this information sharing has
brought recognition far beyond the national perspective under which the operation first started. Other items in this outreach process include a
digital library, Webinars, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn… Also,
the name CWPRS is not quite easy to remember. I have mingled these
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 55
letters for some time. Would it make sense to change the name to
something more dynamic? From further discussion during my second visit, several possible names were discussed and there seemed to be a consensus
for: National Hydraulic Research Institute in Pune, or NHRI-Pune.
• Celebrate! A tremendous opportunity will present itself in 2016: yes,
the centennial of CWPRS. The possibility to invite seven (one for each
discipline) International keynote speakers for an international conference should be considered. These keynote speakers may be asked to provide a
one-day short course on their respective disciplines...
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 56
Tentative Schedule:
A five year schedule for training, equipment and renovations may look
something like:
Year 1 -
Filing for Autonomous Status
Renovations of Existing Research Buildings
Purchase of Laboratory Equipment
Planning the construction of the two new buildings
Year 2 -
Renovations of Existing Research Buildings
Acquisition of Laboratory Equipment (hardware and software)
Starting the new building Construction
Long-term and short-term training
Year 3 -
Renovations of Large Facilities
Completing the new building construction
Long-term and short-term training
Planning HPC and software purchases
Purchase of equipment for the new buildings
Year 4 -
Renovations of Large Facilities
Long-term training
Software purchases
Hiring new RO
Year 5 -
Renovations of Large Facilities
International Conference for the CWPRS Centennial
New training courses offered at CWPRS
Hiring new RO
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 57
Budget:
It is difficult to assess exactly the budget needs for CWPRS and these
matters may be best decided internally. From an outside perspective, it
seems that an absolute minimum budget required to bring CWPRS closer to
the world-class level would be around 90 crores (~ $18,000,000.00 USD) for the research infrastructure, facilities, research equipment, computers and
software. Accordingly, a proportional increase to the operational budget
(estimated at 20 crores) should be added every year to support the increase number of research officers and support staff. The minimum budget is
targeted here given that the true expected value of lifting CWPRS among the
top world-class Centers of Excellence may be 2-3 times higher, perhaps around 250 crores. This may sound overly ambitious and extravagant, so
work must start somewhere. I am absolutely convinced that an investment
in CWPRS will bring one of the highest possible returns at the national level.
Table 9.1 Approximate Budget needs for CWPRS
Item Budget
200 new RO + support staff -- (~20 cr to base budget) - details Section 6.
Training 14 cr - details in Section 6 + Table 9.2 below
Existing building renovations 10 cr - details in Sections 7.1
New Large Research Facilities 25 cr - details in Section 7.2
New building #1 CEHR 18 cr - details in Section 7.3
New building #2 WCAS 7 cr - details in Section 7.3
New equipment, hardware, software 16 cr - details in Section 8 + Table 9.2 below
________________
Total 90 cr (or ~ $ 18,000,000 USD)
+ 20 cr added to the annual base budget
Table 9.2 Discipline-wise Summary of Training and Equipment Needs (in crores)
Training Equipment
River Engineering 2 cr 2 cr River and Reservoir Systems Modelling 2 cr 2 cr Reservoirs and Appurtenant Structures 2 cr 2 cr Coastal and Offshore Engineering 1 cr 4 cr Foundations and Structures 2 cr 1.5 cr Applied Earth Sciences 2 cr 1.5 cr Instrumentation, Calib. and Testing Services 3 cr 3 cr ______ ______
TOTAL 14 cr 16 cr
Note: more details for training in Appendix A and equipment and software in Appendix B.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 58
10. Summary and Recommendations
The fundamental purpose of this report is to strengthen CWPRS. This report contains a discipline-wise review of the current status of CWPRS
(Section 2) in a national and global perspective (Sections 3 and 4). New
challenges and opportunities are formulated in Section 5. This is followed by a description of the needs in recruitment and training (Section 6),
infrastructure and research facilities (Section 7), and equipment and
software (Section 8). The management and budget issues are finally discussed in Section 9.
10.1 – Summary
The Central Water and Power Research Station was established in 1916 by
the then Bombay Presidency. Today, with funding from the Ministry of Water Resources and under the current leadership of Director Dr. I.D.
Gupta, approximately 250 studies are conducted at the Research Station at
any given time. According to a survey of the period 2007-2012, the average annual production at CWPRS includes about 100 technical reports are
submitted to project authorities. In addition 40-50 papers are published
every year in national and international journals, proceedings of various
conferences, seminars, workshops and symposia. CWPRS also publishes technical memoranda for the research community, designers and practicing
engineers. The methods currently used are based on sound engineering
practice and many projects handled at CWPRS have a national perspective and international potential.
As India rises among technologically advanced nation, the development of water and power resources becomes one of the key priorities for capacity
building. Some of the main challenges at the national scale need urgent
attention:
Demographic expansion - The supply of potable water to every
household is not a luxury, but a necessity. The population of India
has increased from 1.02 billion in 2001 to 1.21 billion people in 2012. This represents a 20% increase in the demand for water supply for
irrigated agriculture, flood control and disaster prevention.
Increasing energy demand – The hydropower demand increased from
12.7 to 18.5 Million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) from 2006-2011.
This corresponds to more than a 50% increase in hydropower in the
past 5 years. Hydropower is one of the cheapest and renewable forms of power. This will require new water-related infrastructure for the
design of power houses, penstocks, spillways, stilling basins, etc.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 59
Nuclear and thermal power plants – The demand for nuclear power
more than doubled from 6.04 to 14.16 MTOE during the period 2006-2011. The use of water for cooling nuclear and thermal power plants
is critical to meet the energetic needs of the next decades. The event
in Fukushima, Japan, should be a reminder of the constant threat and damage that can result from a nuclear disaster. The adequate
design of water cooling facilities is critical to the safe operation of
nuclear and thermal power plants. These plants need to be designed by the best engineers in the country and CWPRS needs new research
officers to meet the growing demand.
Aging infrastructure – In India, almost 1000 dams (out of 4291 in 1994) were built before 1971 and are now more than 40 years old.
Most dams need to be retrofitted to meet the present day demands.
Liquefaction of dams - Earthquakes damage hydraulic structures.
The problems associated with saturated soils, liquefaction and flood
wave propagation from dam break need further research for disaster
prevention.
Tsunami research – The Banda Aceh tsunami of December 26, 2004
has devastated the East coast of India. The Earthquake of April 11,
2012 in Indonesia should be a reminder that such disasters may occur again in the future. There is currently no physical modeling
capability for tsunami research in India. There is an urgent need to
build a tsunami research facility and CWPRS would be the best place for conducting coastal engineering research on tsunamis.
Devastating floods – Unprecedented floods have caused tremendous
damage in recent decades. For instance, 5,000 people died in the Maharashtra Flood of July 26, 2005 which brought Mumbai under
944 mm of rain in 24 hours.
CWPRS is currently understaffed to meet the emerging opportunities and
challenges. CWPRS used to have 1857 sanctioned position in 2001. This
number has inexplicably declined to 1172 in 2012. This represents a 36% decrease in the commitment of resources to support research at CWPRS.
This decreasing staffing trend is opposite to the increasing national demand
for water-related infrastructure. There is obviously an urgent need to increase the number of sanctioned positions in order to meet the challenges
and opportunities of the new millennium.
The difficulties of the present situation are compounded by the fact that the
investment in research infrastructure has been minimal since 1998.
CWPRS has received $21,358,678 million USD for infrastructure support,
equipment and training from the UNDP from 1970-1998. The last significant UNDP investment into the infrastructure of CWPRS was about $2
million USD from 1990-1998. Since 1998, the lack of investment in the
research infrastructure has been detrimental to the overall research operations at CWPRS.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 60
The potential for development at CWPRS is tremendous. CWPRS should
keep its focus on meeting national needs. The massive national demand for
water-related infrastructure should ensure continuous support and relevance for generations to come. CWPRS should continue to support
experimental research while developing numerical models as well. The
primary expansion of physical modeling capabilities in conjunction with increasing computer modeling can lift CWPRS among the elite institutions of
the world. Some relaxation of international restrictions would be desirable
to open up international activities and support the future developments of externally-funded projects.
There is an urgent need for major capital investment to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The following large facilities are essential to meet the
needs for the new water-related research areas:
• A new flume for tsunami research • Eco-hydraulic research facilities
• Hydro-vibration research facilities
• Hydro-thermal laboratory facilities
Two new buildings are needed to support the research on water-related
infrastructure of the new millennium:
• Center for Eco-Hydraulic Research (CEHR)
• Welcome Center and Administrative Services (WCAS)
The first building would meet the needs for emerging research in
environmental river and coastal areas (RE and COE), as well as support the
2-D and 3-D computer modeling activities of the other disciplines (RRSM,
RAS, FS, AES and ICTS). The added capabilities of this new building would
be in the following areas: Advanced Computational Center (ACC), Data
Acquisition and Processing Center (DAPC), Surface Water Quality Laboratory
(SWQL), River and Coastal Restoration (RACR). The second building would
house satellite data access and tele-conferencing facilities, a power control
center, contracting services and a training center for short courses.
The needs for equipment, software and training cannot be overemphasized
given that it has been 15 years since a major investment in infrastructure
and equipment has been made at CWPRS. To meet the daunting challenges
of designing a world-class water-related infrastructure, like thermal and
nuclear power plants that are facing tsunamis, floods, and earthquakes, the
engineers and scientists at CWPRS need to be equipped with the latest
technology. The needs for building renovations, personnel training,
equipment and software are detailed in this report.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 61
There are numerous ways to increase the visibility of CWPRS. The
workforce can be motivated at different levels through collaborative
research, reaching out and getting involved, publishing, a new look at the
web, and a celebration of the century mark of CWPRS in 2016.
It is impossible to envision growth and development in India without water
and power. Water and power are the key elements to fuel the economic
growth of India, and CWPRS has provided national leadership for almost
100 years. With adequate support, resources and facilities, CWPRS will not
only proactively meet the ever increasing demands and challenges in water
and power in India, it will also become a world-class Center of Excellence.
10.2 – Recommendations
In a nutshell, the specific recommendations of this report are to:
Set priority on national water-related infrastructure: With excellent
research staff and facilities, and adequate funding from the Ministry of
Water Resources, the mandate of CWPRS should focus on meeting the national challenges.
Renovate existing buildings: the renovation of twelve buildings in disrepair must be a top priority. Continuous power is also needed.
Upgrade laboratories and large facilities: The ability to keep large scale
laboratory facilities should eventually turn into one of the most important assets at CWPRS. This can eventually be used to gain a
competitive edge over peer institutions around the world.
Construct two new buildings: Two new buildings are needed to
support the research needs of the new millennium: a Center for Eco-
Hydraulic Research; and a Welcome Center with Administrative
Services.
Build new research facilities in emerging research areas: New
laboratory facilities are required for research on tsunamis, eco-hydraulic research, thermal facilities and vibration technology.
Focus on environmental issues: This may be the most daunting challenge facing CWPRS and India. As much as CWPRS has always
aimed at public safety in their design of large infrastructure, a new
emphasis applicable to all disciplines should gradually focus on environmental issues for a better quality of life.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 62
Seek autonomous status: The autonomous status would be very
beneficial to CWPRS.
Recruit 200 new research officers: An appropriate number of support
staff should also be added to assist research officers.
Hire and retain the best: CWPRS should have the authority to hire
their new employees. CWPRS should also have the authority to dismiss non-performing employees from their functions. The
increased responsibility of CWPRS engineers and scientists designing
the water-related infrastructure for public safety has to be recognized.
Increase the budget: A minimum of 90 crores (~$18,000,000 USD) is
required for the investment in research infrastructure, facilities, research equipment, computers and software. An additional increase
to the operational budget of 20 crores needs to be added every year to
support and train an increasing number of research officers and support staff.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 63
References
Das, B.M., Sivakugan, N., and K. Sobhan. ”Institutional Strengthening of
CSMRS: Benchmarking, Equipment and Training,” Final Report
submitted to the World Bank, December 2012, 172p.
Julien, P.Y. (2012). “Benchmarking of CWPRS”, Final Report submitted to
the World Bank, October 2012, 138p.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 64
APPENDIX - A: Training Needs
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 65
Detailed List of Training Needs at CWPRS
This Appendix presents a detailed list of training needs for each
discipline. Each list has been prioritized with the highest priority item on top of the list. These lists are by no means exclusive and
exhaustive. My own appraisal of the approximate relative sum that would be needed for each discipline for training purposes is presented in the summary table below.
Table A-1 Training Budget Summary River Engineering 2 cr
River and Reservoir Systems Modelling 2 cr Reservoirs and Appurtenant Structures 2 cr
Coastal and Offshore Engineering 1 cr
Foundations and Structures 2 cr Applied Earth Sciences 2 cr
Instrumentation, Calib. and Testing Services 3 cr
______ TOTAL 14 crores
The specific items in the following detailed list for each discipline include the institution, expert name and research area.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 66
River Engineering (2 cr)
III. TRAINING REQUIRED
A. Training Abroad
Sl.No. Institution / Organization Name of Expert Areas of Training
1 Colorado State University,
USA
Prof. Pierre Y. Julien,
Department of Civil
Engineering, Colorado State,University
Erosion & sedimentation,
hydraulics, surface hydrology.
2
United States Bureau of
Reclamation (USBR), USA
Environmental impact assessment - 2D modeling,
water quality monitoring and
improvement
3 Deltares, The Netherlands Intake and Outfall systems -
sedimentation
4 Artelia, France Floods and natural hazards
5
United States Army Corps
of Engineers (USACE), USA
Environmental Studies
6 IIHR - Hydroscience and
Engineering, University of
Iowa
1. Prof. George Constantinescu
CFD, River mechanics, turbulance, hydraulics
2. Prof. A. Jacob
Odgaard
Hydraulic modeling,
environmental fluid
mechanics, river engineering, river mechanics, steam erosion
protection, etc.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 67
B. In-house training from foreign experts
Sl.No.
Institution /
Organization Name of Expert Areas of Training
1 University of Iowa Prof. George
Constantinescu
CFD, River mechanics,
turbulance, hydraulics
2
Colorado State University,
College of Engineering,
USA
Prof. Ted Yang
Sediment transport, stream
restoration, river hydraulics,
computer modeling
3 NIT, Norway Prof Nils Reider B. Olsen
Numerical modeling, fluid
mechanics, CFD in hydraulic
engineering
4 Norway University of
Science and Technology Prof. Jochen Aberle
Sedimentation and Sediment
handling
5 San Diego State
University, USA Prof. Howard Chang
River and sedimentation
engineering, hydrology for
flood control, Fluvial 12
6 DELFT, The Netherlands Prof. H. N. C. Breusers, G. Klaassen
Scour around bridge piers
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 68
River and Reservoir Systems Modelling (2 cr)
Training Details
A) Deputing Research Personnel Abroad for Specific Training:
Sl.
No
.
Level Training Details Advisor Place Period
1 Senior Management
(1 No.)
Visits to Institutes – Facilities, capability, research areas covered and for collaborations
CSU, USA
USU, USA
IIHEE, Delft, Netherlands
DHI, Denmark
5 days (Total)
2 Senior/ Middle Research (2 Nos.)
Advances in distributed modelling (processing of DEM and hydrologic processes), 2-D flow routing
Prof P.Y. Julien, CSU, USA
Prof D.G. Tarboton, USU, USA
1 CSU, USA
2 USU, USA
3 months
3 Junior Research (2 Nos.)
River flood modelling, introductory level of distributed modelling aspects
Depends on the courses offered and decided by
Institute
1 IIHEE, Delft, Netherlands
2 DHI, Denmark
3 weeks each
4 Senior / Middle Research
Concepts in modelling by using different software for Prediction
of water quality of different types of water bodies including reservoirs
ASCE
USGS
DHI
USEPA
One quarter /
3 months
5 Junior Research
1D model for predicting WQ scenario in river systems
DHI
Denmark /
CSU, USA/
IIHEE, Delft,
Netherlands
5 days
CSU – Colorado State University;
USU – Utah State University;
IIHEE – International Institute of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering;
DHI – Danish Hydraulic Institute;
ASCE – American Society of Civil Engineers;
USGS – United States Gelological Survey;
USEPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 69
B) Inviting Experts to CWPRS
Sl.
No.
Name, Institute
and Country Topic to be covered Period
1 Prof Pierre Y.
Julien, CSU, USA
Distributed modelling of
hydrologic processes, 2D
flow routing
5 days
2 Prof David G.
Tarboton, USU,
USA
DEM processing flow
direction algorithms and flow
modelling
5 days
3 Henrik Larsen, DHI
Denmark,
A practical introduction to
the fundamentals of Eco-
Hydraulics to develop
ecological model for
predictions of water quality
and aquatic ecosystem
response.
5 days
4 Prof.Walter Rast,
Prof Lopes Vincent,
River Systems
Institutes, Texas
State University,
USA
Lakes and Reservoir basin
management tools for
conservation of ecology and
different models and GIS
application
2 weeks
*Note:- The tentative cost as provided in inviting experts to CWPRS covers only travel from
home country to Pune and back plus logistics of stay at Pune. It doesn’t cover the
consultancy fee to be charged by expert.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 70
Reservoir and Appurtenant Structures (2 cr)
LIST OF TRAINING INSTITUTES AND EXPERTS
Sr.
No
.
Name of Institute/Expert TD Area Duration
1. Prof. Dr. Willi H. Hager V. Wasserbau, Hydrologie u. Glaz.
ETH Zürich VAW E 37 Gloriastrasse 37/39 8092 Zuerich
Phone: +41 44 632 41 49 E-Mail: [email protected]
SED Energy dissipators, Air water flow
2 weeks at CWPRS and One week at Lab in Zuerich
2. George W. Annandale President, Engineering & Hydrosystems Inc. 8122 South Park Lane Suite 208 Littleton, Colorado United States 80120 Phone: +1 303 683 5191
Fax: +1 303 683-0940
SED Scour downstream of ski jump bucket
2 weeks at CWPRS
3. Prof. Hubert Chanson Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Applied Fluid Mechnics
University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia Tel: +61 73365 3516 Fax: +61 7 3365 4599 Email:[email protected]
SED Turbulence measurement
2 weeks at CWPRS and One week at
Lab in Australia
4. Dr. David Zhu Professor, Water Resources Engineering, University of Alberta
Canada T6G2W2 Phone: (780) 492-5813 Fax: (780) 492-0249 e-mail: [email protected]
SEDCSWCS SM
Turbulence measurement using PIV
2 weeks at Lab in University
of Alberta
5. Prof. John S. Gulliver St. Anthony Falls Laboratory |2 Third Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414
Office: CivE 110D SAFL 389 Phone: (612) 625-4080 Fax: (612) 626-7750 E-mail: [email protected]
SED Air water mass transfer and water quality
2 weeks at CWPRS
6. Prof. Dr. Anton Schleiss EPFL ENAC IIC LCH GC A3 514 (Bâtiment GC) Station 18
CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Phone: [+41 21 69] 32382, 32385 Email:[email protected]
SED Rock scour due to high velocity falling plunging jets downstream of
spillways and bottom outlets
2 weeks at CWPRS
7. Prof. Pierre Y. Julien Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA Office Location: Engineering Research Center B203
Phone: (970)491-8450 Fax: (970)491-7008
SM Erosion and sedimentation
2 weeks at Institute in USA
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 71
Email: [email protected]
8. Tshinghua University International Technology Transfer Centre (ITTC) Contact: Mr. Zhang Yousheng, China
Phone: +86 10 62792574 Fax: +86 10 62795182 Email: [email protected]
SED, CSWCS,SM
Erosion & Sedimentation
1 week at at Lab in China
9. Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy Assistant Professor Borland Professor of Hydraulics Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering Colorado State University, USA Office Location: Engineering A207A Phone: (970) 491-1915 Fax: (970) 491-7727 Email: [email protected]
SED, SM
Stratified Turbulence
1 week at CWPRS and One week at Lab in USA
10. Mr. Yang Zhongmin State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072 China
SM Sedimentation 1 week at CWPRS and
One week at Lab in China
11. Liu Chao College of Energy and Power
Engineering Yangzhou University, Yangzhau 225127, China
SED, CSW
CS, SM
Turbulence measurement using
PIV
1 week at CWPRS + 1
week in China
12. Prof. Michael Pfister Research & Teaching Associate EPFL ENAC IIC LCH GC A3 515 (Bâtiment GC) Station 18 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Email : [email protected]
SED Air water flow analysis
2 weeks at CWPRS and One week at Lab in Lausanne
13. HR Wallingford
Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BA, United Kingdom tel +44 (0)1491 835381 fax +44 (0)1491 832233 email: [email protected]
SED,
CSWCS, SM
Advance setup for
lab instrumentation
One week at
Lab in UK
14. Professor Nils Reidar B. Olsen
Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, NTNU S.P. Andersensvei 5 N-7491 Trondheim Norway
SM Numerical
modelling of hydropower reservoir flushing and desilting basin
2 weeks at
Norway Institute in Norway
15. The Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute 23 Huangpu Street, Wuhan, Hubei,
430010, P. R. China Tel: +86-27-82829793; Fax: +86-27-82829882
E-mail: [email protected]
SED, CSWCS,
SM
Orifice Spillways, Desilting basin, Hydro elastic
modelling of gates
Two weeks at Lab in China
16. Prof. Lian Jijian, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, China
SED, SM
Hydro elastic modelling of gates
Two weeks at Lab in China
17. Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) Gloriastrasse 37 - 39 CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
SED, CSWCS, SM
Advance setup for lab instrumentation
One week at Lab in Switzer-land
18. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (USAERDC) 3909 Halls Ferry Road
SED, CSWCS,
Advance setup for lab instrumentation and sediment
One week at Lab, as per training
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 72
Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199 Telephone: 601-634-3188 Email: [email protected]
SM transport analysis with HEC-RAS
programs for HEC-RAS
19. Dr. Kuang Shang Fu, Director, China Institute of Water Resources and
Hydropower Research Address: A-1 Fuxing Road, Beijing, P.R. China, Post Code:100038 email: [email protected]
SED, CSW
CS, SM
Advance setup for lab instrumentation
Two weeks at Lab in
China and one week at CWPRS
20. Shailendra Sharan, Professor, School of Engineering, Laurentian Univ., ON, Canada,
CSWCS
Flow induced Gate vibration
2 weeks in Canada
21. Kolkman P.A Delft Technical University, Civil Engineering Department, The Netherlands
CSWCS
Flow induced Gate vibration
2 weeks in Netherland
Long term Training
Long term training for studying Masters in Hydraulic engineering for the junior staff would be beneficial. The list of
institutes for the same is as follows:
1. Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado, 80523 USA Phone: (970) 491-1111 www.colostate.edu
2. The University of Queensland Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
Phone: +61 7 3365 1111 www.uq.edu.au
3. ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Main Building, Ramistrasse 101 8092 Zurich Switzerland Phone: +41 44 632 1111
Fax: +41 44 632 1010 www.ethz.ch
4. University of Alberta 116 St. and 85 Ave. Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G2R3 Phone: 780-492-3111 www.uofa.ualberta.ca
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 73
Coastal and Offshore Engineering (1 cr)
Advanced Training
in US University
(6 months)
T
CHS/ PH
/ MMCE 1) University of Florida
2) University of Texas
Short courses in
Netherlands T
CHS/ PH
/ MMCE
UNESCO – IHE/ TU-
DELFT
Long Term Course
in Netherlands
(18 months)
T
CHS/ PH
/ MMCE UNESCO – IHE/ TU-
DELFT
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 74
Foundations and Structures (2 cr)
LIST OF INSTITUTES / EXPERTS FOR TRAINING- AT NATIONAL LEVEL
Sr.
No
.
Name of the
Institute
Address Type of Research Name of
expert
Durati
on of
Course
1. Structural Engineering Research Centre
(SERC)
CSIR campus, Taramani, Chennai – 600 113
i. Structural Health Monitoring & Evaluation ii. Computational
Structural Mechanics for analysis & design
1 – 2 Months
2. Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand
Dynamic stress analysis of gravity dams
1 – 2 Months
3. Indian Institute of Technology
Pawai, Mumbai, Maharashtra
Dynamic stress analysis of gravity dams
1 – 2 Months
4. Altair Pune Pune Application of HYPERWORKS FEM Software on stress analysis of gravity dams and other hydraulic structures.
1 Month
5 IIT Roorkee Indian Institute of
Technolog,y Roorkee Uttarakhand INDIA - 247 667
M.Tech in Soil Dynamics at
Earthquake Engineering Division
- 18
months
6 IIT Bombay Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, INDIA
Elearning course on 'Soil Dynamics'
Dr. Deepankar Choudhury
7 Itasca
Consulting Group Inc.
Prayag Enclave
Shankar Nagar, WHC Road Block 301, Plot #17 Nagpur 440 010 INDIA
Numerical Modelling for
Nonlinear Dynamic analysis for earth and Rockfill dams using Software FLAC
- 1
month
8 National Institute of
Rock Mechanics
Champion Reefs P. O.- Kolar Gold Fields
– 563 117,Karnataka, India.
Blasting & Excavation Engg.,Rock Mechanics
Instrumentation, Rock Testing and Rock Fracture Mechanics
Dr.H. Venkatesh,
Mr. Sripad, Dr. G N Rao
1 – 2 Months
9 Central Soil and Material Research Station (CSMRS)
Ministry of Water Resources, Outer ring road, Olof Palme marg, Hauz khas, New Delhi – 110 016
Trainings are provided in areas of Numerical Modelling, In-situ stress evaluation, Monitoring the health of the existing
structures
Institutional Head
1 – 2 Months
Sr.
No
.
Name of the
Institute Address Type of Research
Name of
expert
Duratio
n of
Course
10 IIT Kharagpur
Department of Mining Engineering,IIT Kharagpur - 721 302 (W.B.), India
Trainings are provided in areas of engineering behaviour of rock and rock masses in both mining and rock mechanics applications.
Institutional Head
1 – 2 Months
11 Itasca
Consulting Group Inc.
Prayag Enclave
Shankar Nagar, WHC Road Block 301, Plot #17 Nagpur 440 010
Numerical Modelling for
Nonlinear Dynamic analysis for earth and Rockfill dams using Software UDEC & 3DEC
- 1
month
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 75
INDIA
12 Indian Institute of Technology
Chennai Fibre Reinforced Concrete Dr.Ravindra Gettu
1 – 2 Months
13 National Council of Cement & Building Materials
Hyderabad, New Delhi
Cement & Concrete Technology
Institutional head
1 – 2 Months
14 Structural Engineering
Research Centre (SERC)
CSIR campus, Taramani,
Chennai – 600 113
Fibre Reinforced Concrete & Polymer Concrete
Institutional head
1 – 2 Months
15 Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand
Concrete Technology & Thermal Analysis of dams
Institutional head
1 – 2 Months
16 Indian
Institute of Technology
Pawai, Mumbai,
Maharashtra
Concrete Technology Institutional
head
1 – 2
Months
17 Centre for Advanced Concrete Research
SRM University, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu
Advanced Concrete Research
Shri. N P Rajamane
3 Months
Sr.
No
.
Name of the
Institute Address Type of Research
Name of
expert Duration
of Course
1. Institute of Construction
Materials
University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 4, D-
70569 Stattgart, Germany
Non-destructive examination & monitoring of structures with wireless sensor networks
6 Months – 1 year
2. British Society for
strain Measurement London, UK Stress & Load Analysis Course
1 -2 weeks
3. Earthquake Engg
Department
University of California, Berkeley,
USA
Stress analysis of Hydraulic Structures
6
Months – 1 year
4
Pacific Earthquake Engineering
Research Center (PEER)
California, Berkeley, USA
Fluid Structure Interaction 6
Months – 1 year
5
Pacific Earthquake Engineering
Research Center
(PEER)
California, Berkeley, USA
Earthquake Resistant Design 1 week
6
Pacific Earthquake Engineering
Research Center (PEER)
California, Berkeley, USA
Fluid Structure Interaction Prof.
Medhat
Haroun
1 week
7
Pacific Earthquake
Engineering Research Center
(PEER)
California, Berkeley, USA
Earthquake Resistant Design Prof Steve Mahin
1 week
8
MS in Structural Engineering,
Mechanics and Materials
University of California Berkeley
Higher qualification
1 -1.5 year
9 Quest Structures
Quest Structures Inc, 3 Altarinda Road,
Suite 203 Orinda, CA 94563
USA
Training in dam, structural, earthquake engineering
Y Ghanaat
1 week
10
The University of New South Wales, SYDNEY,NSW
2052 AUSTRALIA
The School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering
The University of New South Wales,
Stability Analysis Of Large Dams
S. Valliappa
n
1 week
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 76
Sr.
No.
Name of the
Institute Address Type of Research
Name of
expert
Duration
of Course
12 Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
Geo Engineering Section PO Box 5048 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands
Undergoing Course for acquiring higher qualification (MSc-Geotechnical Engineering)
Institutional Head
2 years
13 Norwegian university of Science & technology
Dept of Civil & Transporation Engineering NO 7491, Trondhiem Norway
Undergoing Course for acquiring higher qualification (MSc-Geotechnics and Geohazards)
Institutional Head
2 years
14 Norwegian university of Science & technology
Dept of Civil & Transporation Engineering NO 7491, Trondhiem Norway
Undergoing following Training courses 1) Geotechnical Engineering, Advanced Course 2) Soil Modelling 3) Finite Elements in Geotechnical Engineering
Steinar Nordal
1 month
15 University of Berkeley
Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Berkeley California
Undergoing Training course on 'Numerical Modelling in GeoMechanics'
- 6 months
16 University of Berkeley
Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of Berkeley California
Undergoing Training course on 'Geotechnical
Earthquake Engineering'
- 6 months
17 ROSE SCHOOL c/o EUCENTRE Via Ferrata, 1 - 27100 Pavia, Italy
Short Course on 'Numerical Modelling in Geotechnical Engineering'
- 1 week
18 McMaster University
McMaster University 1280, Main Street W Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8
Numerical Modelling in Geotechnical Engineering
Dr. D. F. Stolle Dr. Peijun
Guo
15 days - 1 month
19 University of Toronto
University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto 35 St. George Street Toronto, ON M5S 1A4 CANADA
FLAC Modelling for Soils Dr. Jim Hazzard
15 days - 1 month
SYDNEY, NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA
11
Technical Service Center,
Geotechnical Services (USBR)
Instrumentation and Inspections Group
DeWayne Campbell,
Manager, 303-445-3052
Building 67, 86-68360 Denver Federal Center, Denver,
Colorado 80225-0007
Instrumentation and inspection related services for dams
1 Month
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 77
Applied Earth Sciences (2 cr)
Sr no
Name of the Institute
Address for correspondence Nature of Research
Name of experts
1 National
Geophysical
Research
Institute (NGRI)
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road, Hyderabad- 500606
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Fax : +91 40 27171564
Phone: +91 40 23434700, 23434711
Electro-
magnetic
Method of
Geophysical
Exploration
Dr. S.K. Verma**
2 Indian Institute
of Technology
Delhi
(IIT Delhi)
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016, INDIA
Tele: (91) 011-2659 1999, (91) 011-2659
7135
Fax: (91) 011-2658 2037, (91) 011-2658
2277
Email:raoks[at]civil.iitd.ac.in
Multi channel
analysis of
surface waves
Dr. K.S.Rao**
Professor
3 Indian Institute
of Science,
Bangalore
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560 012, INDIA
Telephone: 080-2293 2467
E mail: [email protected]
Fax : +91 - 80 - 2360 0683/0085
Multi channel
analysis of
surface waves
Anbazhagan P **
Assistant Professor
4 Indian Institute
of Science,
Bangalore
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560 012, INDIA
Telephone: 080-2293 2329; 2360 2261
E mail:
Fax : +91 - 80 - 2360 0683/0085
Multi channel
analysis of
surface waves
Sitharam T G **
Professor
5 National
Geophysical
Research
Institute (NGRI)
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road, Hyderabad- 500606
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Fax : +91 40 27171564
Phone: +91 40 23434700, 23434711
Application of
Electrical
Method in
Geophysics
Dr.
T.Seshunarayana**
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 78
Sr
No.
Name of the
Institute
Address for correspondence Nature of
Research
Name of experts Duration
of Course
National
6 National
Geophysical
Research
Institute (NGRI)
National Geophysical Research
Institute
Uppal Road, Hyderabad-
500606
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Fax : +91 40 27171564
Phone: +91 40 23434700,
23434711
Seismic
refraction and
reflection
Dr.
T.Seshunarayana*
*
4-8 weeks
International
1 The University
of New South
Wales
School of BEES, UNSW
Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
Phone: +61 (02) 9385-8719
Fax: +61 (02) 9385-1558
Email: d.palmer@
unsw.edu.au
Generalized
Reciprocal
Method (GRM)
of Seismic
refraction
interpretation
Derecke Palmer* 8 weeks
2 Department of
Earth Sciences,
Uppsala
University
Department of Earth
Sciences., Uppsala University,
Villavägen 16, SE-752
36 Uppsala, Sweden
Seismic
refraction data
processing and
interpretation
B. Sjogren* 8 weeks
3 Geophysical
Survey Systems,
Inc
Geophysical Survey Systems,
Inc
Address: 12 Industrial Way,
Salem, NH 03079
Telephone Number: 603-893-
1109
Fax Number: 603-889-3984
Advancements in
Ground
penenetrating
radar
applications
Geophysical
Survey Systems,
Inc*
8 weeks
4 Kansas
Geological
Survey
Rick Miller
Senior Scientist, Exploration
Services Section,
Kansas Geological Survey
1930 Constant Avenue
University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66047-3726
Phone: 785-864-2091
FAX: 785-864-5317
e-mail: [email protected]
Multi channel
analysis of
surface waves
Rick Miller*
Park
8 weeks
Current senior staff - 1 Current Junior Staff – 5
*: Name of the expert will be finalized after further communication with the Institutes
**: Name of the expert for training at CWPRS, Pune will be finalized after further communication with the
expert
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 79
Sr.
No
Name of
Institute Address
Type
of Research
Name of
Expert
Duration
of
Course
NATIONAL
1
I.I.S.C Bangalore, Dept. Civil Engineering
Gulmohar Marg, Near-Centre For Neroscience, Mathikere, Bangalore,
Karnataka 560012
Isotope Hydrology
Prof. M S Mohan
Kumar
8-12 weeks
2
N.G.R.I Hyderabad,
Dept: Groundwater
Replenishment
Uppal Road, Hubsiguda Secunderabad - 500007
Isotope tracer studies
Dr. Rangarajan R
4-8 weeks
3 N.I.H, Roorkee
Scientist `F’ and Head HI Division,
PI-IWIN (national) Project at NIH
Roorkee
Isotope Hydrology
Dr.Bhishm Kumar
4-8 weeks
4 C.W.R.D.M, Kozhikode,
Kerala
Centre for Water
Resources Development and Management Kunnamangalam,
Kozhikode-673 571 , Kerala
Stable and radioactive
isotopes
Dr. A. Shahul Hameed
4-8 weeks
5 B.A.R.C, Mumbai
IARP, C/O RPAD, CT&CRS,
Anushaktinagar, BARC, Mumbai
Nucleonic Gauges
4-8 weeks
1
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority,
UK
Nuclear Physics Division, Atomic Energy
Research Establishment, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon,
OX11 0RA, U.K.
Radioisotope Techniques
G.V. Evans 6-8
months
2 K.U.F.A
University, Arabia
College of Engineering, Kufa Unirvesity, Iraq
Hydraulics
Dr.Saleh I. Khassaf Al-
Saadi
6-8 months
3 T.A.M.U
Texas A & M University
Department of Biological
and Agricultural, Engineering 321 Scoates
Hall ; 2117
Isotope Studies
Prof. Vijay P.Singh.
6-8 months
4 B.R.G.M -
France
Water Department 1039 rue de Pinville 34000 Montpellier
FRANCE
Isotope Hydrology
Jean-
Christophe MARECHAL
6-8 months
5
RADIATION
CONSULTANT, Deer Park, Texas, USA
P.O. Box 787
2017 Westside Dr. Deer Park, TX 77536 USA
Well Logging 2 weeks
6
U.N.E.S.C.O-IHE, Institute for water education
UNESCO-IHE PO Box 3015 2601 DA Delft
The Netherlands
Isotope Hydrology
2 weeks
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 80
7
TECHNOLOGY EXPERTS
(Global Expert Group), Saudi
Arabia
Head Office - Riyadh P. O. Box 361301,
Riyadh 11313, Riyadh Well Logging 2 weeks
8 I.A.H
(International chapter)
IAH Secretariat, PO Box 4130, Goring, Reading,
RG8 6BJ United Kingdom
Isotope studies
2 weeks
9 American Society of
Civil Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell
Drive Reston, VA 20191
Dam Engineering
2 weeks
10 National
Ground Water Association
601 Dempsey Rd. Westerville, OH 43081
USA 800 551.7379
Water Hydraulics
2 weeks
11 University of
Waterloo
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences 200 University Ave. W
Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada N2L 3G1
Isotope studies
2 weeks
12 Princeton
Groundwater,
Inc
Princeton Groundwater, Inc. P.O. Box 273776 Tampa, Florida 33688,
USA
Isotope Studies
2 weeks
13 Schlumberger water Services
Oak Environmental 103-4712 - 13 Street NE Calgary Alberta T2E 6P1
Canada
Modelling software for well logging
2 weeks
14
National centre for
Groundwater
Research & training
School of the Environment
Flinders University GPO Box 2100
Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
Modelling software
2 weeks
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 81
Sr.
No.
Name of The
Institute Address
Type of
Research Name of Expert*
Duration
of Course
National
1. Structural Engineering Research Centre
(SERC)
CSIR campus, Taramani, Chennai – 600 113 [email protected]
Tel.: 04422549198
Vibrations and NDT of civil
structures
Dr K. Ramanjaneyulu,
Sr. Principal
Scientist
2 to 3 weeks
2. Indian Institute
of Technology, Roorkee
Dept. of Earthquake Engg.
Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand [email protected] Ph.: 01332-285522 [email protected], Ph.: 01332-285537
Vibration
studies
Dr.D.K. Paul
or Dr.R.N. Dubey
2 to 3
weeks
3. Indian Institute
of Technology, Mumbai
Dept. of Civil Engg. Powai,
Mumbai - 400076 pbanerji[at]civil.iitb.ac.in, Ph.: 022 2576 7334 [email protected], Ph.: 022 2576 7342
Vibrations
and NDT of civil structures
Prof. P. Banerji
Or Prof. A. Goyal
2 to 3
weeks
4. National Institute of Rock Mechanics
Champion Reefs P. O. Kolar Gold Fields - 563 117, Karnataka
Ph.:08153-275 004-009 Fax : 08153-275002
Controlled Blasting
Dr. S Venkatesh, Scientist-V
Or Mr AI Theresraj, Scientist-II
2 to 3 weeks
5. Central Mining and Fuel
Research Institute
Environmental Management Barwa Road,
Dhanbad -826001 Mobile: 9431541940 [email protected]
Controlled Blasting
Dr. L. C. Ram, Sct. F & Head
2 to 3 weeks
6. Indian School of Mines
Mining Dept. Dhanbad - 826004, Jharkhand [email protected] Ph.: 0326 2235445
Controlled Blasting
V. M. S. R. Murthy, Professor
2 to 3 weeks
International
1. BAM – Federal Institute for Materials Research & Testing Berlin, Germany
Non-destructive testing of civil structures Dr. Herbert Wiggen-hauser 10 to 12 weeks 2. NDT Training School Texas, Birring NDE Center, Inc., 515 Tristar Drive, Suite A, Webster, TX 77598, USA Vibration studies of civil structures Stephanie Navarro
10 to 12 weeks
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 82
Sr.
No.
Name of Expert Type of Research Duration
I
1. Dr. Anil K. Chopra, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkley, CA 94720-1710, USA
Earthquake analysis of concrete dams
One week
II
1. Prof. Mihailo D. Trifunac
University of Southern California Civil Engineering Department, KAP 216D Los Angeles, CA 90089-2531 Phone No. (213) 740-0570; Fax: (213) 744-1426; E-mail: [email protected]
Seismology/Earthquake
Engineering
One to two
week
2. Prof. David M Boore
U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road, Mail Stop 977 Menlo Park, CA 94025
Phone No. 650-329-5616 Fax: 1-650-329-5163 E-mail: [email protected]
Seismology/Earthquake
Engineering
One to two
week
3. Prof. Julian J. Bommer Civil and Environmental Engineering ,Imperial College ,London SW7 2AZ, UK Phno.+44(0)2075945984 FAX no. Email: [email protected]
Seismology/Earthquake
Engineering
One to two
week
4. The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142, New Zealand Phone: 923 7020 (within Auckland) 0800 61 62 63 (outside Auckland) +64 9 373 7513 (overseas) Fax: +64 9 373 7431 E-mail: [email protected]
Seismology/Earthquake
Engineering
3-12 months
1. University of Southern California Office of the President Emeritus University of Southern California 3551 Trousdale Parkway, Administration 300 Los Angeles, California 90089-4011 Phone: (213) 740-5400 Fax: (213) 740-5454
Seismology/Earthquake
Engineering
3-12 months
2. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute
(NGI) NGI, P.O. Box. 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway Ph no.: +47 22 02 30 00 E-mail: [email protected],
Seismology/Earthquake
Engineering
3-12 months
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 83
Instrumentation, Calibration and Testing Services (3 cr)
TRAINING REQUIRED FOR INSTRUMENTATION, CALIBRATION AND TESTING SERVICES
Divisions: Hydraulic Machinery Calibration Laboratory, Current Meter Calibration, Random Sea Wave Generator, High Performance Computing (HPC) Laboratory, Coastal Data Collection. Sr.
No.
Topic
of Research
Name of
Institute
Duration
of
Course
1 i) Parallel/independent
Operation of both test line
ii) Calibration under non-standard installation
conditions
Fluid Control Research
Institute, Pallakkad,
Kerala, India
2 -3
weeks
2 Cavitation in Fluid
Machinery and design of
research facilitiesfor cavitation and
hydroacoustics
1. Prof. Roger EA Arndt
University of Minnesota,
USA
2. Prof. Paul Brandner,
Australian Maritime College’s Cavitation
Research Lab
3. Prof. Mehmet Atlar
Emerson Cavitation
Tunnel ,UK
2 weeks
3 Cavitation in Fluid
Machinery and design of
research facilities for
cavitation and hydroacoustics
1. Australian Maritime
College(AMC),Aus.
2. Emerson Cavitation Tunnel
School of Marine Science and Technology, Univ.
Newcastle, UK
3. M A R I N , P.O. Box
286700 AA Wageningen Netherlands
4. St. Anthony Falls
Laboratory,Minneapoli,
USA
2- 3
weeks
4 DGPS Control & Operation M/s. Ashteck, France
M/s Leica, USA
2 - 3 weeks
5 Echosounder Control & Operation
M/s. ODOM, USA M/s Reson, Denmark
M/s. Kongsberg,Norway
2 - 3 weeks
6 Preprocessing Imageries and
Graphics
Clark Lab University, USA
Geomatica, USA
2 - 3
weeks
7 Data Logging and
Processing
M/s HYPACK, USA
M/S. NAVISOFT
8 Directional Waverider Buoy
With GPS & software.
M/s Datawell BV, Netherlands. 2 weeks
1 – 2
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 84
Calibration & maintenance. Months
9 In situ Current meters,
In situ Tide gauge
Calibration & maintenance.
M/s Valeport, UK. 2 weeks
1 – 2
Months
10 Acoustic Doppler
Current profiler
M/s RD Instruments, France/ USA
2 weeks
1 – 2 Months
11 Waverider Buoy
Calibration & maintenance.
National Institute of Ocean
Technology, Chennai.
1 – 2
Months
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 85
APPENDIX – B: Equipment and Software Needs
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 86
Detailed List of Equipment and Software Needs at CWPRS
This Appendix presents a discipline-wise list of equipment and software needs.
For each discipline, two separate lists detail the equipment and software needs.
Each list has been prioritized with the highest priority item on top of the list.
As discussed in the main text of this report, this list is by no means exclusive
and exhaustive. New equipment and software may be added to the list in the
future. Further discussion and prioritization needs to take place as a function of
the specific needs of the future research projects and of the future directions that
the CWPRS leaders wish to follow. The approximate relative sum that would
be needed for each discipline is presented in the summary table below.
Table B-1 Equipment and Software Budget Summary River Engineering 2 crores
River and Reservoir Systems Modelling 2 cr
Reservoirs and Appurtenant Structures 2 cr
Coastal and Offshore Engineering 4 cr
Foundations and Structures 1.5 cr
Applied Earth Sciences 1.5 cr
Instrumentation, Calib. and Testing Services 3 cr
______
TOTAL 16 crores
The specific items in the following detailed lists for each discipline include the
type, vendor and approximate cost.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 87
River Engineering (2 cr)
I. LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
S.NO. Item Make
Approx. Cost (Lakhs Rs)
Training Required
1
Acoustic Digital Currentmeter (ADC) / Accoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV)
SONTEK, USA/NORTEK,
Norway 32 Yes
2 Flow Tracker SONTEK,
USA/NORTEK, Norway
20 Yes
3 Mini echo sounder General Acoustics,
Germany 10 Yes
4 2D bed profiler HR Wallingford 45 Yes
5 Particle image velocitymeter
SONTEK, USA/NORTEK,
Norway 62 Yes
II. SOFTWARE REQUIRED TO BE PROCURED
S.NO. Item Make
Approx. Cost (in Lakhs Rs )
Training Required
1 Autocad CIVIL 3D Autodesk Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore
2.5 Yes
2 ARCGIS 10.1 ESRI 10 Yes
3 MATLAB MATWORKS 5 Yes
4 ERDAS Intergraph corporation, Madison, USA
5 Yes
5 MIKE 21 C/ DELFT 3D DHI, Denmark/ DELFT
25 Yes
6 FLOW 3D Flow Science Inc., Santa Fe., New Mexico
35 Yes
7 Fluidyn- FLOWCOAST Fluidyn-India 15 Yes
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 88
River and Reservoir Systems Modelling (2 cr)
List of Equipment / Software / Training for R&RSM Group
Rank Item Type TD Vendor/ Institute Indicative
Cost in Lakhs Rs
L1 Water Quality Monitor with pH, cond, Temp, DO, nitrate and chlorophyll probes
L WQAM In Situ Inc, YSI, Horiba, Hach- Hydrolab
15
L2 Compound Microscope with colour digital camera
L WQAM Carl Zeiss / Olympus / Leica 40x-2500x
4
S1 MIKE 11 (With R-R, Sediment, Hydrodynamics, WQ Modules with basic and hands on training)
S SWH/ HM/
WQAM
DHI (INDIA) NSIC Bhawan, III Floor, NSIC - STP Complex Okhla Industrial Estate New Delhi - 110020 Phone: +91-11-47034500 Fax: +91 11 4703 4501 [email protected] www.dhigroup.com
20
S2 MIKE FLOOD Flood zone Mapping
S SWH/ HM
DHI (INDIA) New Delhi 25
S3 MIKE SHE Distributed Rainfall-Runoff modeling
S HM DHI (INDIA) 12
S3 MIKE Basin including WQ module
S WQAM DHI (INDIA) 6
T1 Distributed Hydrologic Modelling
(3 months)
T HM 1. Colorado State Univ 2. Utah State Univ.
26
T1 2-D Flow Modelling T SWH / HM
1. Colorado 2. DHI, Denmark 3. IIHEE, Delft
10
T1 Environmental and water quality modelling
T WQAM ASCE, USGS, DHI, USEPA 15
T2 Water Resources Planning and Management
(3 weeks)
T HM IIHEE, Delft 3.5
T3 M.Tech (Water Resources)
T SWH The Chairman, PG Admissions office, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Uttarakhand
2
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 89
Reservoirs and Appurtenant Structures (2 cr)
Sr. No.
Item Type Technical
Division
Vendors Cost in Lakhs
Rs.
1. PIV /LDV/ADCP for turbulence measurement
L SED, CSWCS, SM
Dantec, Measurement Science Enterprise Inc., USA-LDV LaVision UK Ltd., UK-PIV Sutron, USA and Sontek, USA-ADCP
120
2. Air concentration measurement system
L SED, CSWCS
Prof. Chanson, University of Queens land, Australia
10
3. Acoustic Doppler currentmeter
L SED, CSWCS, SM
A-OTT, Germany
8
4. Propeller type current meter
L SED, CSWCS, SM
A-OTT, Germany
5
5. Digital pointer gauges
L SED, CSWCS, SM
HR Wallingford, UK 1
6. Sediment Bed Profiler
L SED, SM
HR Wallingford, UK 5
7. Digital water level recorders/follower
L SED, CSWCS,SM
HR Wallingford, UK 1
8. Ultrasonic/Magnetic flow meter
L SED, CSWCS,SM
Geotech Environmental Equipement, Denver, Colorado
3
9. Air flow anemometer
L SED, CSWCS
Calright Instruments,2222 Verus Street,Suite C,San Diego, CA 92154
0.8
10. Particle size analyser
L SM Sequoia, 2700, Richards road, suite 107, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA
30
11. Accelerometers L CSWCS Dytran Instruments Incorporated CA , USA
10
12. Strain gauges L CSWCS Micro-Measurements, PO Box 27777, Raleigh,NC 27611,USA
5
13. Sediment injector
L SM HR Wallingford, UK 2
14. Swirl meters for
open channel
flows
L SED, CSWCS
AALBORG Orangeburg, New York USA
15. Transient analysis software
S CSWCS HYTRAN and HYPRESS 35
16. Computational
Fluid Dynamic
software
S SED, CSWCS, SM
FLOW-3D, FLUENT, STAR-CCM, FLUIDYN
30
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 90
Coastal and Offshore Engineering (4 cr)
Sr. No.
Item Type TD Vendor Cost
Software & Hardware :
1 Optical Motion Tracking System H PH
Qualysis, Sweden / Singapore
Rs. 66 lakhs
2 Force & Deflection
Transducers H PH -- Rs. 25 lakhs
3 Tsunami Wave Generating Laboratory
H CHS -- Rs.15,00,00,000
(Approx.)
4 SHIPMA
(Ship Navigation) S MMCE MARIN, Netherlands 35,000
5 OPTIMOOR
(Ship Motion) S MMCE
TENSION Technology International, UK
$ 15,000
6
MIKE FLOOD
(Coastal Urban Flooding)
S MMCE DHI Rs. 25 Lakhs
7 LITPACK
(upgraded version) S MMCE DHI Rs. 40Lakhs
8 HEC-RAS S MMCE HEC, DAVIS CA free
9 SMS
(Wave modelling) S CHS
Aquaveo, Provo, Utah, USA
$ 22,500
10 Dredge – Sim S MMCE University of German Armed Forces, Munich
--
11 SEDPLUME S MMCE HR Wellingford, UK
7000
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 91
Foundations and Structures (1 .5 cr) LIST OF SOFTWARE
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS
Sr. No.
Item Type
TD Probable Vendor Approx. Cost in
Lakhs Rs.
1 Cyclic Triaxial Soil Test System
1 Unit
L GE(soil) 1.GDS Instruments, UK 2.ELE international 3.HEICO Engg. Pvt. Ltd.
50
2 Automated Static Triaxial Shear Test (For measuring Shear strength parameters, c and Φ of soil)
2
Units L GE(soil) HEICO Engg. Pvt.
Ltd 14
3 Automated Direct Shear Test Apparatus (For measuring Shear strength parameters, c and Φ of sand / silty sand)
4 Units
L GE(soil) AIMIL 3
4 Fully automated Consolidation Test Setup(For determining Consolidation characteristics for computation of rate of settlement as well as Total settlement of
2
Nos L GE(soil) HEICO Engg. Pvt.
Ltd 1
Sr.No.
Item Type
TD Probable Vendor Approx. Cost in
Lakhs Rs.
1 "HYPERWORKS" FINITE ELEMENT SOFTWARE
1 Nos S SMA M/S ALTAIR, USA (M/S ALTAIR, Pune,India)
35
2 GEOSLOPE (Proprietary Software)
1 Nos S GE(Soil) Geo slope International 15
3 FLAC-3D (Proprietary Software)
1 Nos S GE(Soil) ITASCA 12
4 Midas GTS (FEM Software)
1 Nos S GE(RM) MIDAS, India 8
5 UDEC (2D Discrete Element Software)
1 Nos S GE(RM) ITASCA, India 8
6 3DEC (3D Discrete Element Software)
1 Nos S GE(RM) ITASCA, India 14
7 ANSYS FEM Software - Thermal Module
1 Nos S CT M/s ANSYS Software Pvt. Ltd. 34/2 Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, MIDC Hinjewadi, Pune 411057
20
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 92
foundation due to structure.)
5 Fully automated Laboratory Permeability test apparatus ( For determining Permeability characteristics of soil for seepage analysis)
3 Units
L GE(soil) HEICO Engg. Pvt. Ltd
1
6 Laboratory Vane Shear Apparatus (For determining Undrained Shear strength of marine clay)
1
Unit L GE(soil) AIMIL 1
7 Electronic Balances (For taking weights of samples in soil testing)
1 Nos
L GE(soil) HEICO Engg. Pvt. Ltd
0.5
8 De-aired Water System (For usuage of de-aired water in Triaxial testing)
1 Unit
L GE(soil) AIMIL 1
9 Hydraulic operated Sample Extractor (For extracting 38mm dia samples for testing from 100mm dia open end sampler tubes.)
1 Nos
L GE(soil) HEICO Engg. Pvt. Ltd
0.3
10 Hydro fracture test equipment
1
Nos E GE(RM) Polymetra GmbH,
Froschbach 15 CH-8117, Fallanden, Switzerland
20
11 Bore Hole TV Camera 1 Nos
E GE(RM) M/S Robertson Geolgging Ltd. represented in India by K. I. Ltd. Kolkata
14
12 Servo - Hydraulic unit with system for flexural tests on Fibre Reinforced Concrete for determining its Toughness Index
1 Nos
E CT 1.M/s CONTROLS S R L, Via Aosta, 6, 20063 Cernusco s/N.(MI), Italy 2. M/s International Trade Links Instrumentation Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai
45
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 93
Applied Earth Sciences (1.5 cr)
List of Software –Geophysics Division
List of equipment- Geophysics Division
Sl.no
Item Type TD Probable Vendor Cost ( in USD)
1 Seismic borehole shear wave system consisting of
i) Impulse generator, Remote Control Unit, Down hole probe P- wave source and Down hole probe S- wave sources ii) Borehole geophones
iii) Borehole inclinometer (This system is not available in the division)
F
GP
Geotomographie GmbH Am Tonnenberg 18
56567 Neuwied Tel.: +49 2631 778135 Fax.: +49 2631 778136 email: [email protected]
Internet: http://www.geotomographie.de
USD 50,000 USD 20,000
USD 5000
2 Seismic borehole tomography system
consisting of i) Hydrophone chain with moulded elements
( One hydrophone chain is purchased in 2003 and presently it is not working and irreparable)
F
GP
1. Geotomographie GmbH
Am Tonnenberg 18 56567 Neuwied
2. M/s OYO Corporation
2-6 Kudan-kita 4-chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-0073, Japan
USD 25000
3 Signal enhancement seismograph with Geode/Snap on technology.
F
GP
1. Geometrics USA, 2190 Fortune Drive, San Jose,
CA 95131 USA P: (408) 954-0522 F: (408) 954-0902
USD 60,000
Sl.
no Item Type TD Probable Vendor Cost
4 Underwater Sub-bottom profiling
system (Present “Chirp” system available has 20 m penetration in coarse calcareous
sand. We need system with higher penetration up to 50 m.)
F
GP
1. Knudsen Engineering, Canada,
Knudsen Engineering Ltd. 10 Industrial Road, Perth, Ontario CANADA K7H 3P2
Telephone: (613) 267-1165 Fax: (613) 267-7085 [email protected]
http://www.knudsenengineering.com
USD 60,000
5 Batteries and cables of specifications
for Ground Penetrating Radar system (One set of batteries purchased along with equipment gives backup of 1 hr
only. We need another two sets of batteries for continuous operation.)
F GP M/s ABEM, Skolgatan 11 930 70
Malå, Sweden 0953-345 50
USD 5000
Sl.
no Item Type TD Probable Vendor Cost in USD
1 Tomographic Inversion software for analysis compatible with Windows + Software for seismic refraction data processing
Soft-ware
GP
1. M/sSandmeier scientific software Zipser Strasse 1 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany
2. M/sGeometrics, 2190 Fortune Drive San Jose, CA 95131 USA
USD 10,000
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 94
List of Equipments - Isotope Hydrology Division
Sr.
No. Item Type* TD Vendor
Cost(in
Lakhs Rs)
1
Well logging Unit
(with Borehole camera system)
F IH
1) R G well Logging, 10801 Hammerly
Blvd., Suite 202, Houston, TX 77043 USA
50 2) Mount Sopris, 17301 W Colfas, Suite 255 Golden, Dolorado 80401 USA
3) OYO Corporation Instruments Division,
2-19 Daitkudo 2- chome,URAWA, Saitama 336 Japan
2 Field Fluorometer F IH
1)Turner Design, 845 West Maude Avenue
Sunnyvale CA 94085 12 2) ADC BioScientific Ltd, 1st floor Charles
House, Furlong way, Great Amwell ,Herts, SG 129TA, UK
3
Well logging software
(Well CAD & Viewlog)
S IH Advanced logic Technology Batiment A, route de Niederpallen L-8506 redange sur
attert Luxembourg**
5
4 Labloratory
Fluorometer L IH
1)Turner Design, 845 West Maude Avenue Sunnyvale CA 94085
8
2)Chelsea Technologies Group Ltd, 55 Central Avenue, West Molesey, Survey
KT8 2QZ UK 3) ADC BioScientific Ltd, 1st floor Charles
House, Furlong way, Great Amwell ,Herts, SG 129TA, UK
5
Spares, accessories and caliper probes
for existing R G well logging
equipment.
F
IH
R G well Logging, 10801 Hammerly Blvd.,
Suite 202, Houston, TX 77043 USA 10
Rhodamine kit for
laboratory fluorometer
L Turner Design, 845 West Maude Avenue Sunnyvale CA 94085
1
6 Liquid scintillation
counter L IH
Vendor: HIDEX, Mustionkatu 2, FIN-20750 Turku, Finland
[email protected], [email protected]
15
*F Field Instrument, L Laboratory Equipment, S Software ** Training for software will be provided by the vendor
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 95
List of Proposed Equipment for VT Div.
Sr. No. Item Type* TD Probable Vendor Cost in
Lakhs Rs.
1 24 Channel Signal Enhancement Seismograph with accessories*
Field & laboratory equipment
VT 1. ABEM Instrument AB, Sweden 2. Oyo Corporation, Japan 3. Geometrics,Inc, CA 95131, USA 4. Seismic Source Company, USA.
28
2 Structural Health Monitoring System along with software**
Field & laboratory equipment
VT 1. M/s Apna Instrumentation &
Solutions, Pune 2. M/s National Instruments Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore
10
*: 24 channel equipment is not available in the division. 12 Channel Seismograph purchased in 1986 has become
obsolete, and unserviceable.
**: Equipment is not available in the division.
Justification 1. 24 Channel Signal Enhancement Seismograph: Non-destructive technique is used for testing the quality and
homogeneity of concrete/masonry structure. Presently 12 Channel Seismograph purchased in 1986 is used for
such studies and has become obsolete, and unserviceable and hence need to be replaced by advanced and state of the art technology equipment, viz. 24 Channel Signal Enhancement Seismograph. The equipment is with advanced features like digital storage, windows operated and with software controlled analysis features
and hence, it will take less time for sonic testing. 2. Structural Health Monitoring System (SHM) along with software is proposed to be used for structural
health monitoring of civil engineering structures like dam, bridges, tunnels, critical structures etc. It is proposed
to procure various types of sensors and amplifiers for SHM.
List of proposed Softwares for VT Div. Sr. No. Item Type* TD Probable Vendor Cost in Rs.
in Lakhs
1 Shock Software for Electro Dynamic Shaker
Software VT M/s Spectra Dynamics Inc., USA (Proprietary Item)
2.5
2 Advanced Vibration Management Program
Software VT M/s Orica Mining Services, Australia (Proprietary Item)
2
Justification
1) Shock Software for Electrodynamic Shaker: This is a proprietary article of M/s Spectral Dynamics, USA, proposed to be used with existing Electrodynamic shaker purchased in 2011. After procurement of the software existing Electrodynamic shaker can be upgraded for simulating earthquake, operated for fixed sine frequencies and for generating half sine for
short duration which are essential for Block Vibration Tests. 2) Advanced Vibration Management Program This is a proprietary article of M/s Orica Mining Services, Australia to evaluate
vibration and air blast data by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The vibration impact of proposed blast designs
can be modeled and assessed to ensure corrective actions to be taken in blasting patterns.
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 96
List of Equipments (ES DIVISION)
Sr. No.
Item Type TD Probable Vendor Cost in Rs. In Lakhs
1 Digital Microearthquake Recorder (Out of ten available equipment,
four were installed at Ujh Project,
Jammu & Kashmir and remaining six are not in good working
condition. These instruments were procured on August -2004)
F/L ES 1.Refraction Technology Inc.(REFTEK), USA
2. M/s GeoSIG Limited,
Switzerland 3. M/s Kinemetrics Inc., USA
4. M/s Gurlap Systems, UK 5. M/s GeoTech Instruments,
LLC, USA 6. M/s Nanometrics, Canada
7. PMD scientific Inc, USA 8. Eentec, USA
7,00,000 * 5 =35
2 Digital Strong Motion Accelerograph
( Out of ten available equipment four were installed at
Nagarjunasagar Project, Andhra Pradesh and one at Ujh Project,
Jammu & Kashmir and remaining five are not in good working
condition. These instruments were procured on March-2004)
F/L ES 1.Refraction Technology Inc.(REFTEK), USA
2. M/s GeoSIG Limited, Switzerland
3. M/s Kinemetrics Inc., USA 4. M/s Gurlap Systems, UK
5. M/s GeoTech Instruments, LLC, USA
6. M/s Nanometrics, Canada 7. PMD scientific Inc, USA
8. eentec, USA
5,40,000 * 3 =16
3 Data retrieval Unit
(Five Units, these units were part of the instruments only and were
compatible to the instruments. These instruments were procured
on March-2004)
F/L ES Supplier of the above
equipments
60,000 * 3
=1.8
4 Global Positioning System (One Unit, this instrument was
procured on March-2005)
F/L ES 1. Garmin (Asia) Corporation, Taiwan
2. Magellan, USA 3. Bushnell Corporation, USA
4. Lowrance, USA
45,000 * 2 = 9
Justification
Presently available equipments have been extensively used for various projects, e.g. Bunakha Project,
Bhutan, Somwarpet Project, Karnataka, Mullamuri Project, Karnataka etc. They are nearly 10 years old. They
have served their useful life and now most of them are not in good working condition. GPS available has only
2MB internal flash memory and more storage of site information and map is not possible with this unit. Besides,
with increasing number of projects in the division, more units ( 5 units for each project ) are required for
monitoring the seismicity at and around project site.
List of software
Sr. No.
Item Type TD Probable Vendor Cost in Rs.in Lakhs
1 EZ-Frisk, Software ES 1. Risk Engineering, Inc, 4155 Darley Avenue, Suit A Boulder, Colorado 80305
2.5
Justification
(i) A large set of attenuation equation is included with EZ-Frisk which can be adopted and extended as needed.
(ii) It can quickly perform analysis especially for location covered by our standard seismic source data base. (iii) We can enter our own target spectrum, or use one based on a seismic hazard analysis uniform hazard
spectrum. It allows us to define our own fault and area sources and their seismic parameters
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 97
Instrumentation, Calibration and Testing Services (3 cr)
HARDWARE / SOFTWARE / LAB EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR INSTRUMENTATION, CALIBRATION AND TESTING SERVICES
Divisions : Hydraulic Machinery Calibration Laboratory, Current Meter Calibration, Random Sea Wave Generator, High Performance Computing (HPC) Laboratory, Coastal Data Collection
S. No.
Item Type Vendor Cost in Rs.
In Lakhs
1 Four Nos. isolation/control valves
L 1.Emersion (Fisher Valve), Mumbai 2 BDK Weir Valves, Hubli 3 Kirloskar Valves, Kirloskarwadi 4. KOSO Valves, Nashik
60
2 Electromagnetic flow meter(1000mm NB)
L 1. Krone Marshall, Pune 2 Endress + Hauser, Mumbai 3 ABB, India 4 Nivo Controls, Indore 5 Siemens, Germany
15
3 Repairing of CHT valves/Diverter and other systems
L From India 20
4 Two Nos. motorized isolation valves
L
1. Emersion (Fisher valve), Mumbai 2. BDK Weir valves, Hubli 3. Kirloskar valves, Kirloskarwadi 4. KOSO valves, Nashik
5
5 Electromagnetic flow meter(200 mm NB)
L
1. Krone Marshall, Pune 2. Endress + Hauser, Mumbai 3. ABB, India 4 . Nivo controls, Indore 5 Siemens, Germany
2
6 Non intrusive ultrasonic flow meter
L 1. Siemens, Germany 2. Endress + Hauser, Mumbai
30
7 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) set up for pump intake model studies for vortex formation and pipeline transient flow analysis
S
FLOW 3D/ANSYS CFX computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software
/Pro/ENGINEER ®
software
15
8 Upgradation of Test Rig for large pump in gravimetric laboratory
L M/s TECHNOMECH, 22/3, Hadapsar, Industrial Estate Pune 411013 Ph # 26819617
12
9 Replacement / Renovation of DC and AC dynamometer and electrical control system
L / S
Leading Project Authorities like Coteba (India) Pvt Ltd (Elsewhile named as M/s Sogerah France), Kirloskar,Mather+platt, L&T, ABB etc can take project on turn key basis.
1250
10 Up gradation of CMRT L / S From India 60
11 Up gradation & Installation of Random Sea Wave Generation System at CMRT
H/S From India 50
12 Upgradation of existing RSWG facilities :
H/S/L
From India 400
Prospective Developments at CWPRS 98
13 Wireless Data Acquisition System for Dynamic Measurement of Wave Spectrum
L From India 30
14 RTK ENABLED DGPS with Communication modules
F M/s.Ashteck, France M/s. Leica, USA
10
15 Dual Frequency Echo sounder with GYRO and connectors
F
M/s. ODOM, USA M/s Reson, Denmark M/s. Kongsberg, Norway
35
16 Pre Processing Software
S
Clark Lab University, USA Geomatica, USA
5
17 Data Collection and Post Processing Software
S
M/s HYPACK, USA M/S. NAVISOFT
10
18 Centralized High Performance
Computing (HPC) Laboratory
H/S/L C-DAC, India 150
19 Directional Wave rider Buoy with GPS and solar panel system, Receiver & related software
F
1. M/s Datawell BV, Netherlands. 2. M/s Triaxys, Canada 3. M/s W.S.Ocean Syatems Ltd.,UK.
80
20 Calibration rig for Waverider Buoys.
CWPRS
1. Local firm.
5
21 In situ Current meters with related software
F 1. M/s Valeport, UK. 2. M/s Interocean systems, USA 3. M/s RDI Instruments, USA
30
22 In situ Directional wave & tide gauge with mooring cages and related software
F
1. M/s Valeport, UK. 2. M/s Interocean systems, USA 3. M/s RDI Instruments, USA
60
23 Depth measuring Equipment with Global Positioning System
F 1. M/s Bruttour International P. Ltd. Aus.
2. 2. M/s Valeport, UK.
10