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  • Applying lessons learnedBest Practices in Invest

    igations and

    Prosecution of International Crimes

    Program 1920 June 2014

  • Thursday19June Location:CourtRoom600

    8:45 DeparturetoMemoriumNurembergTrials

    Meetingplace:LobbyatGrandHotel

    9:009:30 WelcomingRemarks

    Dr.OscarSchneider,formerFederalMinisterofGermany

    OliverFixson,HeadofPublicInternationalLawDivision,FederalForeignOffice,

    Germany

    BettinaAmbach,Director,WayamoFoundation

    MichaelaLissowsky,Director,FoundingOfficeInternationalNuremberg

    PrinciplesAcademy

    Introduction:HowdomesticisthefutureofInternationalCriminalLaw?

    MaxduPlessis,AssociateProfessoratUniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,Senior

    ResearchAssociateattheInternationalCrimeinAfricaProgrammeatthe

    InstituteforSecurityStudies,practisingbarristerinSouthAfrica

    9:3011:00 TheCompendiumofLessonsLearnedintheInvestigationandProsecution

    ofInternationalCrimes

    DavidAkerson,TrialLawyerandProfessoratUniversityofDenver,Sturm

    CollegeofLaw,UnitedStatesofAmerica

    SergeBrammertz,Prosecutor,InternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformer

    Yugoslavia,TheHague

    BrendaJ.Hollis,Prosecutor,ResidualSpecialCourtforSierraLeone

    ElenaMartinSalgado,LegalOfficeroftheOfficeoftheProsecutor

    (TheHagueBranch)oftheMechanismforInternationalCriminalTribunals

    11:0011:30 CoffeeBreak

    11:3012:45 NationalCriminalJusticeSystemsforInternationalandTransnationalCrimes:

    Colombia,SwitzerlandandtheUS

    LeonardoAugustoCabanaFonseca,CourtProsecutor,CriminalAnalysisDivision,

    OfficeoftheAttorneyGeneralofColombia

    ProsecutingatrocitiesinpeacefulSwitzerland

    AndreasMller,FederalProsecutor,OfficeoftheAttorneyGeneralofSwitzerland,

    CompetenceCentreforInternationalCriminalLaw,Bern,Switzerland

    TheTrialsofCharlesTaylorSr.inTheHagueandCharlesTaylorJr.inMiami:

    Differentsystems,differentcrimes,similarresults

    StephenRapp,Ambassador-at-LargeforWarCrimesIssues,OfficeofGlobal

    CriminalJustice,DepartmentofState,UnitedStatesofAmerica

    12:4513:45 LunchBreak

    Program1920June2014

  • 13:4515:15 ChallengesinFormulatingNationalandInternationalProsecutionand

    InvestigationStrategies

    WilliamByansi,PrincipalStateAttorney,InternationalCrimesDivision

    oftheDirectorateofPublicProsecutions,Kampala,Uganda

    NdegwaMuhoro,DirectorofCriminalInvestigations,Nairobi,Kenya

    SouthAfrica:Prosecutorialindependenceandintegrity

    aweaponagainstimpunity

    VusiPikoli,CommissioneroftheKhayelitshaCommissionandformer

    NationalDirectorofPublicProsecutions

    InternationalCriminalCourt:NewinvestigativestrategyoftheOffice

    oftheProsecutor

    MichelDeSmedt,HeadofInvestigations,OfficeoftheProsecutor,ICC

    15:1515:30 CoffeeBreak

    15:3017:00 ChallengesintheEstablishmentofNationalCriminalJusticeSystemsfor

    InternationalandTransnationalCrimes

    TheNorwegianChallenges

    SiriFrigaard,ChiefPublicProsecutorandDirectoroftheNorwegianNational

    AuthorityforProsecutionofOrganizedandOtherSeriousCrime,Norway

    DomesticprosecutionsofinternationalcrimesRwandasexperience

    withcasestransferredfromtheICTR

    JohnBoscoMutangana,HeadofInternationalCrimesUnit,NationalPublic

    ProsecutionAuthority,RepublicofRwanda

    MartinNgoga,FormerProsecutorGeneral,RepublicofRwanda

    Howtoimprovecooperationininvestigatingandprosecutinginternational

    crimesatthenationalandtransnationallevels

    MatevPezdirc,EuropeanNetworkforInvestigationandProsecutionof

    Genocide,CrimesAgainstHumanityandWarCrimes,Eurojust,TheHague,

    Netherlands

    17:0018:30 GuidedTourthroughtheMemoriumNurembergTrials

    18:30 DinneratLedererKulturbrauerei

    Program1920June2014

  • Friday20June Location:DocumentationCentreNaziPartyRallyGrounds 8:45 DeparturetoDocumentationCentre

    Meetingplace:LobbyatGrandHotel

    9:0010:45 LessonsLearnedfromInternationalandOrganisedCrimeUnitsofCanada,

    NigeriaandFrance

    ComplementarityandtheEstablishmentofaModelProsecutionOffice

    inLagosState

    AdeolaIpaye,AttorneyGeneralandCommissionerforJusticeofLagosState,Nigeria

    AkingbolahanAdeniran,SeniorSpecialAssistanttotheGovernorofLagos

    StateonLegalMatters,AttorneyGeneralsChambers,LagosStateMinistry

    ofJustice,Nigeria

    ChallengestoInvestigations:TheCanadianPerspective

    TerryM.Beitner,DirectorandGeneralCounsel,CrimesAgainstHumanity

    andWarCrimesSection,DepartmentofJustice,Canada

    AurliaDevos,Vice-procureurChefdesection,TribunaldeGrandeInstance

    deParis,Plecrimescontrelhumanit,crimesdedlitsdeguerre,France

    10:4511:15 CoffeeBreak

    11:1512:45 LessonsLearnedfromInternationalandOrganisedCrimeUnitsofGermany,

    KenyaandSouthAfrica

    Takingthedutytoprosecuteseriouslythequestionofpresenceofan

    accusedasaprecursortoinvestigatinginternationalcrimesdomestically

    MaxduPlessis,AssociateProfessorattheUniversityofKwaZulu-Natal

    andpractisingbarristerinSouthAfrica

    KiokoKamula,DeputyDirectorofPublicProsecutions,Kenya

    LillianObuo,HeadoftheInternationalCrimesDivisionoftheOfficeof

    theDirectorofPublicProsecutions,Kenya

    HowtoadjudicatethemostseriousinternationalcrimesbeforeaGermancourt?

    ChristianRitscher,SeniorPublicProsecutor,AttorneyGeneralsOffice,

    Karlsruhe,Germany

    ChristophSafferling,ProfessorforCriminalLaw,CriminalLawProcedure,

    InternationalCriminalLawandPublicInternationalLawattheUniversity

    ofMarburg,Germany

    12:4514:15 LunchBreak

    Program1920June2014

  • 14:1515:30 GroupWork

    Howshouldinternationalanddomesticeffortstoaddressatrocitiesand

    transnationalcrimesinteract?

    WhichpartsoftheCompendiumsbestpracticescouldbetransferredto

    thenationallevel?

    Isthereanintersectionbetweentransnationalandinternationalcore

    crimes?Couldtherebeacombinedprosecutionstrategy?

    Howtopromoteandsupportdomestictrialsandprosecutions?Whatisthe

    roleofStatesandInternationalCourtsandTribunalsincapacitybuilding?

    Doweneedaninternationalorganismcoordinatingcomplementarity

    efforts?Whatshoulditlooklike?Whatshouldbetheminimumstandards

    ofnationalInternationalCrimesDivisions?

    15:3016:45 PresentationofGroupResultsinPlenary

    FormulationofRecommendations

    16:4517:00 ClosingRemarks:PrioritiesGoingForward

    19:30 DinneratWBG-Tower

    Meetingplace:LobbyatGrandHotel

    Saturday,21June2014

    10:0012:00 VisitoftheExhibitionattheDocumentationCentreNaziPartyRally

    GroundsandtheZeppelinField

    Meetingplace:LobbyGrandHotel,at9:30

    SpareTime

    15:0017:15 VisitofSubterraneanNuremberg

    (visittherock-cutbeercellarsbeneaththeOldTown)

    Meetingplace:LobbyGrandHotel,at15:00

    17:1518:00 GuidedTourMedievalCityofNuremberg

    19:0022:00 DinneratGoldenesPosthorn

    Program1920June2014

  • AkingbolahanAdeniran AkingbolahanAdenirancurrentlyservesastheSeniorSpecialAssistanttothe

    GovernorofLagosStateonLegalMattersandadvisestheAttorney-Generalof

    LagosStateoncriminalmatters.Heisamemberofacriminaljusticesectorreform

    committeetaskedwiththereformoftheadministrationofcriminaljusticein

    theState.HeregularlyappearswiththeAttorney-Generalinhigh-profileprose-

    cutions,includinganongoingprosecutionoffoursuspectedterrorists.Previously,

    Mr.Akingbolahanworkedforaboutnineyearsasaninvestigatorandatriallawyer

    attheInternationalCriminalCourtinTheHague.Hehasbeenaresourceperson

    intrainingseminarsoninvestigativebestpracticesforlawenforcementagencies

    inMalawi,Angola,CapeVerde,Mozambique,KenyaandNigeria.Hecontributed

    theChapteronArticle54:DutiesandPowersoftheProsecutorwithRespectto

    InvestigationstothenewlypublishedCodeofInternationalCriminalLawand

    Procedure.HegraduatedfromtheUniversityofLagosandholdsanLL.M.from

    HarvardLawSchool.

    DavidAkerson Alawprofessionalandtrialattorneywithabroadportfolioinhumanrightsand

    internationalcriminallaw,ProfessorAkersonsworkexperienceincludesSouth

    AfricanLawyersforHumanRights,theUnitedNationsInternationalCriminal

    TribunalforRwanda(ICTR),theUnitedNationsInternationalCriminalTribunal

    fortheFormerYugoslavia(ICTY).ProfessorAkersoniscurrentlyafacultymember

    attheUniversityofDenverSturmCollegeofLawwhereheteachescourses

    ininternationalcriminallawandmanagesaninternationalcriminallawclinic.

    HealsoservesasaSeniorConsultanttotheSpecialTribunalforLebanon.

    Prof.AkersonstudiedlawattheFloridaStateUniversityandwasappointedasa

    lawclerktoUnitedStatesPresidentialCommissionontheSpaceShuttleChallenger

    Incident.HeservedasastaffattorneyinSouthAfricaforLawyersforHuman

    Rightsbetween1988-1989.HewastheChiefoftheInformationandEvidence

    SectionintheOfficeoftheProsecutorintheICTYin19992000andthenatrial

    attorneyintheOfficeoftheProsecutorattheICTYuntil2006.Hehasbeenatthe

    UniversityofDenversince2007.

    HisrecentpublicationsincludeTheIllegalityofFullyAutonomousLethalDrones

    andProsecutingMassCrimes:ACompendiumofLessonsLearnedandSuggested

    Practices,whichistheresultofathreeyearstudyofprosecutorialpracticesatthe

    InternationalTribunalsforRwanda,theformerYugoslavia,SierraLeone,Cambodia

    andLebanon.AforthcomingarticleentitledApplyingJusinBelloProportionality

    toDroneWarfarewillbepublishedintheOregonReviewofInternationalLaw.

    TerryBeitner TerryBeitnerisamemberoftheQuebecBarandtheLawSocietyofUpperCanada.

    TerryBeitnerleftprivatepracticein1997tojointheCrimesAgainstHumanity

    andWarCrimesSectionattheDepartmentofJusticeCanadaascounsel.In1998,he

    wasappointedDeputyDirectorandbecameDirectorandGeneralCounselin2000.

    HispracticeisfocusedonInternationalCriminalLawandAdministrativeLaw.

    TerryBeitnerdeliversannuallecturesattheFacultyofLawoftheUniversityof

    Ottawaonselectedinternationalcriminallawissues.Heisalsoaninstructorfor

    theUniversityofOttawaHumanRightsResearchandEducationCentreannual

    summerprogramonInternationalHumanitarianLaw.

  • SergeBrammertz SergeBrammertzistheProsecutoroftheInternationalCriminalTribunalforthe

    formerYugoslavia.Priortohisappointmenttohiscurrentposition,Mr.Brammertz

    wastheCommissionerofUnitedNationsInternationalIndependentInvestigation

    CommissionintothemurderoftheformerPrimeMinisterRafikHariri,aposthe

    heldfromJanuary2006untiltheendof2007.Previously,hewasDeputyProsecutor

    oftheInternationalCriminalCourt,inchargeoftheInvestigationsDivisionofthe

    OfficeoftheProsecutorwhentheinvestigationsofcrimescommittedinUganda,

    theDemocraticRepublicofCongoandDarfurwereinitiated.

    Mr.BrammertzwasalsotheheadoftheFederalProsecutionoftheKingdomofBelgium

    wherehesupervisednumerousinvestigationsandtrialsrelatedtocasesoforganized

    crime,terrorismandviolationsofinternationalhumanitarianlaw.

    From1997to2002,asanationalmagistrate,SergeBrammertzwasinchargeof

    coordinatingatthenationalandinternationallevelinvestigationsinthefieldsof

    internationaldrugtraffickingandtraffickingofhumanbeings.Duringthisperiod,he

    alsoworkedfortheEuropeanCommission,theCouncilofEuropeandtheInternational

    OrganisationforMigrationasanexpertontheseandrelatedissues.Mr.Brammertz

    wasaprofessoroflawattheUniversityofLigeandanauthoronorganizedcrimeand

    internationalcooperationincriminalmatterswhohaspublishedextensivelyinEuro-

    peanandinternationalacademicjournals.HeholdsalawdegreefromtheUniversity

    ofLouvain-la-Neuve,adegreeinCriminologyfromtheUniversityofLigeandaPhD

    ininternationallawfromtheAlbertLudwigUniversityinFreiburg,Germany.

    GeorgeWilliamByansi GeorgeWilliamByansiisaprincipalstateattorneyfromUgandasInternational

    CrimesDivisionoftheDirectorateofPublicProsecutions.

    HeholdsanLLB(Hons)fromMakerereUniversityKampala(1998),apostgraduate

    DiplomainLegalpracticefromtheLawDevelopmentCentreKampala(2009)and

    apostgraduatediplomainProjectPlanningandManagementfromtheUganda

    ManagementInstitute,Kampala(2011).

    HehasworkedwiththeDirectorateofPublicProsecutions(whichisthenational

    prosecutingagency)sinceJune1999.Inhisprosecutingcareer,hehasbeen

    postedindifferentfieldofficesatthedistrictsovertheyearshandlingallcriminal

    offencesinUgandaspenallegislations.In2008,whentheInternationalcrimes

    DivisionoftheHighcourtwascreated,hewasreassignedtothedivision.

    Hehasparticipatedinmanyworkshops,trainingsandstudytoursintheareaof

    internationalcriminalprosecutionbothwithinUgandaandabroad,includingin

    TheInstituteofInternationalCriminalInvestigationsbasedinTheHagueandthe

    InstituteforSecurityStudiesinSouthAfrica.

    Hehaspracticalexperienceintheinvestigationandprosecutionofcrimesofinternational

    characterinUgandaandispartofateamoffiveattorneysheadedbyMsJoanKagezi.

    LeonardoAugustoCabanaFonseca CourtProsecutor,CriminalAnalysisDivision,OfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral

    ofColombia

    AurliaDevos AurliaDevosisthePublicProsecutorinchargeofthespecializedunitforinter-

    nationalcrimesinParis,France.AfterthreeyearsasaPublicProsecutor,sheworked

    asamutuallegalassistanceintheministryofJustice,especiallyforterrorismand

    internationalcrimes.Sheworkedintheteamoftheforeignaffairsministerbefore

    joiningthecourtinParisin2010andiscurrentlypreparingthecreationofthe

    specializedunitforinternationalcrimes.

  • SiriFrigaard SiriFrigaardisthechiefpublicprosecutoranddirectoroftheNorwegianNational

    AuthorityforProsecutionofOrganizedandOtherSeriousCrime,thenationaloffice

    whichisalsoresponsiblefortheinvestigationandprosecutionofinternational

    crimessuchaswarcrimes,genocideandcrimesagainsthumanity.Priortoher

    currentappointment,SiriFrigaardwasthedeputydirectoroftheNationalCriminal

    InvestigationServiceinNorway.Shehasbeenapublicprosecutorsince1985,and

    deputychiefprosecutorfrom1993aswellasactingchiefprosecutoroftheregional

    prosecutionOfficeinOslo.

    From2002-03,SiriFrigaardwasthedeputygeneralprosecutorforseriouscrimes

    committedinEastTimorandhasalsoservedasaspeciallegaladvisortothegeneral

    prosecutorofAlbania.ShehasrepresentedNorwayondifferentcommitteesatthe

    EuropeanCouncilinStrasbourgandisalsoamemberoftheadvisoryboardofthe

    InternationalCenterforTransitionalJustice.

    BrendaJ.Hollis BrendaJ.HollisistheProsecutoroftheResidualSpecialCourtforSierraLeone.

    SheledtheprosecutionoftheformerLiberianPresidentCharlesTaylor,whowas

    sentencedto50yearsinprisonforwarcrimes,crimesagainsthumanityandother

    seriousviolationsofinternationalhumanitarianlawcommittedinSierraLeone

    duringthecountrysarmedconflict.

    PriortoherworkwiththeSpecialCourt,Ms.HollisworkedwiththeOfficeofthe

    ProsecutorattheInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheFormerYugoslaviawhere

    sheservedinvariouscapacities,includingasleadcounsel.Shehasconsultedon

    manymattersrelatedtointernationallaw,includingassistingvictimsgroupsfrom

    ColumbiaandtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,andprovidingexpertiseand

    trainingforinternationalcourtsandtribunalsinIndonesia,IraqandCambodia.

    In1998,sheretiredfromtheUnitedStatesAirForcewiththerankofColonel.

    KevinC.Hughes KevinC.HughesisLegalAdvisortoProsecutorSergeBrammertzoftheUnitedNa-

    tionsInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia.Mostrecently,he

    servedasSeniorLegalOfficertotheAppealsChamberoftheSpecialCourtforSierra

    LeonethroughouttheappealsproceedingsinProsecutorv.CharlesGhankayTaylor.

    HewaspreviouslySeniorInternationalLegalOfficertotheWarCrimesChamber

    oftheStateCourtofBosniaandHerzegovina,LegalOfficertotheSCSLAppeals

    ChamberandLegalOfficerintheICTYRegistry.HereceivedhisJurisDoctordegree

    fromColumbiaLawSchool,andfollowinggraduationclerkedfortheHon.ArthurJ.

    GonzalezoftheUSFederalBankruptcyCourtfortheSouthernDistrictofNewYork.

    AdeolaIpaye AdeolaIpayeistheAttorney-GeneralandCommissionerforJusticeoftheLagos

    StateintheFederalRepublicofNigeria.

    AdeolaIpaye,whoattainedhisLLB(Hons)andLLMdegreesfromtheUniversityof

    Lagosin1988and1991respectivelyjoinedtheUniversityasaFacultyMemberin

    theDepartmentofCommercialandIndustrialLawandwentontobecomeaSenior

    LecturerandSubDean.

    HejoinedtheLagosstateadministrationasaSpecialAssistantonLegalMatterin

    2001andbecameaSpecialAdvisortotheGovernoronTaxationandRevenue,

    apositionheheldfrom2007to2011.

    10

  • KiokoKamula KiokoKamulaiscurrentlytheDeputyDirectorofPublicProsecutionsinKenya.

    Mr.KamulawasadmittedtotheKenyanBarin1993andconductedhisprivate

    legalpracticefrom19932002.Helaterbecameanassistanttrialattorneyforthe

    UnitedNationsInternationalCriminalTribunalforRwandaandwassubsequently

    appointedastheDirectoroftheNationalCohesionandIntegrationCommission.

    Mr.Kamula,whohasalsolecturedattheUniversityofNairobi,SchoolofLaw

    obtainedhisLLMfromTheFletcherSchoolofLawandDiplomacy.

    NdegwaMuhoro NdegwaMuhoroistheDirectorofCriminalInvestigationsinKenyasince

    2010.HeholdsanMAinInternationalStudies.NdegwaMuhorohasyears

    ofexperienceinpolicetraining,includingresearch,curriculumdevelopment

    andevaluation.Heservedinvariouspoliceleadershiprolesandworked

    withUNpeacekeepingmissionsabroad,actingastheDeputyCommissioner

    ofPoliceoftheUnitedNationsMissioninSierraLeone.Recently,Ndegwa

    MuhorowasinstrumentalindesigningKenyaspolicereformpolicy.

    AndreasMller AndreasMllerwasborninSwitzerlandwherehestudiedlawattheUniversity

    ofFribourg.Hefinishedhisstudieswithamastersdegreeinsecularand

    canonlaw.Havingpassedthebarexamhewasaccreditedasadvocateandpublic

    notary.Afterpracticinglawinvariousfunctionsondifferentlevelsofjurisdiction

    andinseveralmemberstatesofSwitzerland,hecontinuedhislegalcareeras

    FederalExaminingMagistrate(EidgenssischerUntersuchungsrichter/Juge

    dinstructionfdral).AchangeinthejudicialsysteminSwitzerlandabolished

    thestateofExaminingMagistratesin2011andhejoinedtheranksoftheOffice

    oftheAttorneyGeneralofSwitzerlandasaFederalProsecutor.Heisamember

    oftheSwisswarcrimesunit(CompetencyCentreforInternationalCriminalLaw)

    prosecutinggenocide,warcrimesandcrimesagainsthumanity.

    JeanBoscoMutangana JeanBoscoMutanganaistheHeadoftheInternationalCrimesUnitofthe

    NationalPublicProsecutionAuthorityoftheRepublicofRwanda.

    Mr.MutanganaholdsaBachelorsDegreeinLawfromtheNationalUniversityof

    RwandaandaMastersDegreefromtheUniversityofGroningenintheNether-

    lands.HavingworkedinvariousprosecutionofficesinRwanda,hebecamea

    nationalprosecutorin2004.

    Mr.MutanganawastheheadofGenocideFugitivesTrackingUnit(GFTU)from

    2008to2011andinthisposition,hecoordinatedinternationalco-operationwith

    theINTERPOLSecretariatinLyonandtheRwandanNationalPolicetocarryout

    investigationstofulfilltheobjectivesoftheGFTU.

    LillianAkinyiOkumuObuo LillianObuoisaSeniorPrincipalProsecutionCounselintheOfficeofthe

    DirectorateofPublicProsecutions-Kenya.Shehasbeenaprosecutorfor13years.

    CurrentlysheheadstheInternationalCrimesDivisionandalsoservesasadeputy

    inExtradition,MLAandInternationalCooperationDivision.Sheactedasthe

    deputydirectorofWitnessProtectionAgencyfromMay,2011toMarch,2012.

    Inthisposition,shewasinstrumentaltotheamendmentofWitnessProtection

    Act,2006whichestablishedanindependentagency.Shealsoparticipatedinthe

    operationalizationoftheWitnessProtectionAgency.

    11

  • MaxduPlessis MaxduPlessisisanassociateprofessoroflawattheUniversityofKwaZulu-Natalanda

    seniorresearchassociateattheInternationalCrimeinAfricaProgrammeat

    theInstituteforSecurityStudies.

    Inadditiontohisacademicandresearchwork,Mr.duPlessisisapracticingbarristerinSouth

    Africawithexpertiseininternationalandconstitutionallaw.Hehasappearedinnumerous

    casesintheSouthAfricanConstitutionalCourt,representedProfessorKennethGood(who

    wasexpelledfromBotswanaforcriticizingthePresident)beforetheAfricanCommission

    onHumanandPeoplesRights,andhasrepresentedNGOsinSouthAfricainutilizingSouth

    AfricasImplementationoftheRomeStatuteoftheInternationalCriminalCourtActin

    pursuingcasesagainstindividualsaccusedofinternationalcrimesinZimbabweandGaza.

    MostrecentlyhesuccessfullyrepresentedtheapplicantsinaHighCourtreviewoftheSouth

    AfricanProsecutingandPoliceofficialsfailuretoinvestigatetortureasacrimeagainst

    humanityinZimbabwe,acasebroughtunderSouthAfricasICCimplementationlegislation.

    Hehaswrittenwidelyinthefieldofinternationalandinternationalcriminallawand

    spentamonthintheInternationalCriminalCourtin2007asavisitingexpert.

    Heholdsthedegrees:B.Iuris(UniversityofSouthAfrica),LL.B(UniversityofNatal),LL.M

    (CambridgeUniversity),PhD(UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal).

    MatevPezdirc MatevPezdircistheHeadoftheSecretariattotheEuropeanNetworkofcontactpoints

    fortheinvestigationandprosecutionofgenocide,crimesagainsthumanityandwar

    crimesandsinceJuly2011,hasbeenwithEurojust.Beforethistime,MrPezdircwasthe

    HeadoftheCriminalLawUnitattheDepartmentforInternationalCooperationand

    InternationalLegalAssistanceoftheMinistryofJusticeinSlovenia.

    Priortothis,heheldotherpositionswithintheMinistry,servedasaCounsellorfor

    JusticeandHomeAffairsattheSlovenianPermanentRepresentationinBrussels,worked

    withtheHighCourtinLjubljana,withtheConstitutionalCourtoftheRepublicof

    Slovenia,andwiththeInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslaviain

    TheHague.HeholdsaMastersDegreeinPublicInternationalLaw,withInternational

    CriminalLawSpecialization,fromLeidenUniversity.

    StephenJ.Rapp StephenJ.RappofIowaisAmbassador-at-Large,headingtheOfficeofGlobalCriminalJustice

    intheU.S.DepartmentofState.HewasappointedbyPresidentObama,confirmedbythe

    Senate,andassumedhisdutiesonSeptember8,2009.Priortohisappointment,Ambassador

    RappservedasProsecutoroftheSpecialCourtforSierraLeonebeginninginJanuary2007,

    responsibleforleadingtheprosecutionsofformerLiberianPresidentCharlesTaylorand

    otherpersonsallegedtobearthegreatestresponsibilityfortheatrocitiescommittedduring

    thecivilwarinSierraLeone.DuringhistenureinSierraLeone,hisofficewonthefirstcon-

    victionsinhistoryforrecruitmentanduseofchildsoldiersandforsexualslaveryandforced

    marriageascrimesunderinternationalhumanitarianlaw.From2001to2007,Mr.Rappserved

    asSeniorTrialAttorneyandChiefofProsecutionsattheInternationalCriminalTribunal

    forRwanda,personallyheadingthetrialteamthatachievedconvictionsoftheprincipalsof

    RTLMradioandKanguranewspaperthefirstinhistoryforleadersofthemassmediafor

    thecrimeofdirectandpublicincitementtocommitgenocide.

    Mr.RappwasUnitedStatesAttorneyintheNorthernDistrictofIowafrom1993to2001,

    wherehisofficewonhistoricconvictionsunderthefirearmsprovisionoftheViolence

    AgainstWomenActandtheseriousviolentoffenderprovisionofthe1994CrimeAct.Prior

    tohistenureasU.S.Attorney,heworkedasanattorneyinprivatepracticeandservedas

    StaffDirectoroftheU.S.SenateJudiciarySubcommitteeonJuvenileDelinquencyandasan

    electedmemberoftheIowaLegislature.

    12

  • Christian Ritscher ChristianRitscherisaSeniorFederalProsecutorandtheactingheadofthe

    WarCrimesUnitoftheFederalCourtofJusticeinGermany.Hehasstudiedlaw

    inbothMunichandPassau,andservedfrom19921996asjudgeandprosecutor

    inAschaffenburg.From19962000hewasemployedbytheofficeoftheAttorney

    GeneralofGermany.From20002002RitscheronceagainactedasJudgeatthe

    RegionalCourtofMunichandsince2002hasbecomeinvolvedintheFederal

    AttorneyGeneralsprocedureregardingterrorismandespionage.Since2007he

    hasbeenworkingonmattersrelatingtointernationalcriminallawatthefederal

    levelandhasbeenservingasaseniorprosecutorintheofficeoftheFederal

    AttorneyGeneralinKarlsruhe,Germany.

    Elena Martin Salgado, ElenaMartinSalgadoisaSpanishlawyerwhoiscurrentlytheLegalOfficer

    oftheOfficeoftheProsecutor(TheHagueBranch)oftheMechanismforInter-

    nationalCriminalTribunals.Shepreviouslyworkedfor12yearsattheInter-

    nationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia(ICTY),includingasAppeals

    CounselintheOfficeoftheProsecutor,whereshewasinvolvedinprosecuting

    sexualviolenceandindocumentingtheICTYslegacyinthisarea.Shehas

    alsoworkedasaLegalOfficerintheChambersoftheICTY,brieflyattheOffice

    oftheProsecutoroftheSpecialTribunalforLebanonandtheChambersof

    theSpecialCourtforSierraLeone,andasaresearcherinKingsCollegeLondon

    andtheUniversityofDurham(UK).Shehaswrittenoninternationalcriminal

    lawandonhumanrightslawforacademicjournalsandhasco-authoreda

    book-chapterfocusingonthefuturechallengestoprosecutingsexualviolence

    underinternationallaw.

    Michel De Smedt MichelDeSmedtistheDirectorofInvestigationDivisionattheOfficeofthe

    ProsecutorintheInternationalCriminalCourt(ICC).

    PriortohisworkattheICC,hiscareerstartedasacommissionedofficerofthe

    BelgianGendarmerieinthefieldofpublicordermaintenance.Hethenbecame

    anofficeratjudicialsub-directorateatheadquartersoftheGendarmerie.

    Subsequentlyhebecametheheadofstrategicplanningandauditwherehe

    developedstrategiesfortheBelgianGendarmerieasawholeandparticularly

    inrelationtoseriousandorganizedcrimes.Inparallel,Mr.DeSmedtwasalso

    theprojectmanagerforBelgiumforthepolicereforminSouthAfricabetween

    1994and2001.

    Hemovedontobecomeapartnerinconsultingfirmforthreeyearswherehe

    purelyfocusedonpublicsectorreform.

    HejoinedtheICCin2004astheHeadoftheAnalysisSectionandsubsequently

    becametheDirectorofInvestigationDivision.

    Mr.DeSmedtholdsaMasterDegreeinCriminology;asecondMasterDegree

    inBusinessAdministration.HeattendedMilitaryOfficersTrainingandJunior

    andSeniorPoliceOfficersTrainingattheBelgianGendarmerie.

    13

    Legal Officer, OTP-MICT

    (The Hague Branch)

  • VusiPikoli VusiPikoliiscurrentlythecommissioneroftheKhayelitshaCommissioninSouth

    AfricaandwasformerlythecountrysNationalDirectorofPublicProsecutions.

    Mr.PikoliholdsalawdegreefromtheNationalUniversityofLesothoandaMasters

    degreefromtheUniversityofZimbabwe.

    AfterstartinghiscareerasalegaladvisorfortheAfricanNationalCongressin

    Zimbabwe,hebecameaSpecialAdvisortotheSouthAfricanMinistryofJustice

    in1994.Inthisposition,heledadelegationtoChiletostudyfromtheexperience

    oftheChileanTruthCommission.

    In1997,hewaschosentobetheDeputyDirector-GeneraloftheDepartment

    ofJusticeandConstitutionalDevelopmentandwasappointedtheDirector-

    Generalofthedepartmentin1999.Mr.PikolibecametheNationalDirectorof

    PublicProsecutionsin2005andheldthatpositionuntil2007.Heisamember

    oftheFoundationforHumanRightsandisalsoatrusteeoftheEqualEducation

    LawCentreTrust.

    ChristophSafferling ChristophSafferling(Dr.jur.,LL.M.)isProfessorforCriminalLaw,CriminalLaw

    Procedure,InternationalCriminalLawandPublicInternationalLawattheUniver-

    sityofMarburg,Germany.Heisalsotheco-directoroftheInternationalResearch

    andDocumentationCenterforWarCrimesTrials,andtheWhitneyR.Harris

    InternationalLawFellowoftheJacksonCenter.Since2012,heisamemberofthe

    independentcommissionofscientiststoreappraisetheNazi-historyofthe

    GermanFederalMinistryofJustice.

    Hismainfieldsofresearchare:internationalcriminalprocedurallawandthe

    subjectiveelementsofthecrime.Alongsideseveralarticlesinthefieldofcriminal

    law,internationallawandhumanrightslawhehaspublishedInternational

    CriminalProcedure(OxfordUniversityPress,2012),TheNurembergTrials:Inter-

    nationalCriminalLawsince1945(Saur2006,VorsatzundSchuld(MohrSiebeck,

    2008andInternationalesStrafrecht(Springer2011).Mr.Safferlingisco-editor

    oftheGermanLawJournalandtheRevistaInternationalediDrottoPenale.

    HestudiedLawinMunichandLondonandreceivedhisdoctoraldegreeatthe

    UniversityofMunichin1999.

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