Propulsion Systems Of Ships

⚡MARINE ENGINERRING

SHIPS DISCUSSED: 1:KMS BATTLESHIP- BISMARCK 2:QUEEN ELIZABETH-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER 3:USS ENTERPRISE (CVN-65)

BY: VIPIN DEVARAJ ROLL NO:39 SEM IV,DoST CUSAT

⚡ KMS BATTLESHIP- BISMARCK

When commissioned in 1940, the battleship Bismarck was the largest ship of her type in the world.

Bismarck and her sister ship Tirpitz were the largest battleships ever built by Germany, and two of the largest built by any European power. Named after Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the primary force behind the unification of Germany in 1871, the ship was laid down at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg in July 1936 and launched two and a half years later in February 1939.

© VIPIN DEVARAJ,SEMESTER-IV-DEPARTMENT OF SHIP TECHNOLOGY,CUSAT

⚡ BASIC SPECIFICATIONS

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Laid down: 1 July 1936

Launched: 14 February 1939Commissioned: 24 August 1940Construction cost: RM. 196.8 millionDisplacement: · Empty ship: · Standard: · Construction: · Full load: · Maximum:

40,250 metric tons43,978 metric tons47,870 metric tons51,760 metric tons53,486 metric tons

Dimensions: · Waterline length: · Overall length: · Beam:

241.55 meters251 meters36 meters

Propulsion plant: 12 Wagner boilersThree Blohm & Voss turbine sets 150,170 Hp (maximum obtained)

Speed: 30.12 knots (maximum obtained)

Fuel oil capacity: 7,400 metric tons

Aircraft: 4 x Arado Ar 196

©VIPIN DEVARAJ,SEMESTER-IV-DEPARTMENT OF SHIP TECHNOLOGY,CUSAT

http://www.kbismarck.com/bsweights.html

http://www.kbismarck.com/bsweights.html

http://www.kbismarck.com/avioni.html

⚡ PROPULSION SYSTEM

The battleship Bismarck had a steam propulsion plant that amounted to only 9% of the ship's weight. Within the ship’s boilers, fuel oil was burned and feed water heated, thus producing steam. This steam reached very high pressure and was then delivered to the turbines that turned the propellers.

On Bismarck, the steam power was produced by twelve Wagner Hochdruck high pressure steam-heated boilers distributed in six watertight compartments (boiler rooms) that were located amidships in sections XI and XIII.



TurbinesThere were three Blohm & Voss turbine sets in separate compartments (turbine rooms) located in sections VIII and X. The centre turbine room located in Section VIII, and the portside and starboard turbine rooms in Section X. The German Navy preferred the three-shaft drive for its capital ships, unlike most foreign nations that used four-shaft drives. This saved weight and permitted a better distribution within the hull. Each set of turbines served one propeller shaft and had different sections.

· The HP reaction turbine: a Curtis wheel with 40 stages.· The IP turbine: a double-flow 15-stage reaction turbine.· The LP turbine: a 9-stage reaction turbine supporting the condenser slung below it.· The HP astern turbine was a single Curtis wheel.· The LP astern turbine was of the divided double flow type.· No cruising turbine was fitted on Bismarck.



PropellersThe three propellers were of 4.70 meters in diameter and had three blades. The port and middle propellers rotated counter clockwise and the starboard propeller clockwise. Each propeller had a volume of 2.4 m³ and achieved 270 revolutions per minute at full speed.

RuddersThe electric steering system controlled two parallel rudders of 24.21 m² each, inclined from the vertical with 8º divergence towards the centreline. Each rudder had a volume of 11.63 m³ including its hanging attachment.



Electrical Power Plant

The electric plant provided power to all the ship's services such as weaponry, steering, lighting, cranes, fans, gyros etc. It had a total output of 7,910 kw at 220 volts, with eight 500 kw Diesel generators, five 690 kw turbo-generators, and one 460 kw turbo-generator. These generators were distributed into four compartments (plants). The starboard electric plant No. 1 and the port electric plant No. 2 (E-Werk 1 und E-Werk 2) were located in section VIII, and had four 500 kw diesel generators each. The starboard electric plant No. 3 and the port electric plant No. 4 were located in section XIV, and included five 690 kw turbo-generators, and one 460 kw turbo-generator.

Plants Generators Output1.Starboard Electric Plant No. 1 4 x 500 kw diesel generators 2,000 kw

2.Port Electric Plant No. 2 4 x 500 kw diesel generators 2,000 kw

3.Electric Plants No. 3 and No. 4 5 x 690 kw turbo generators1 x 460 kw turbo generator

3,450 kw460 kw


⚡ PROPULSION SYSTEM-SUMMARY

Boilers: 12 Wagner boilersof high-pressure (58 Kg/cm²)and high temperature (450º C)in six compartments

Turbines: Three turbine sets Blohm & Vossin three compartments

Horse power: 150.170 Hp at 30.12 knotsPropellers: Three propellers

of 4.70 meters in diameter eachRudders: Two parallel of 24.2 m²

with 8º divergence towards the centreline

Diesel generators: Eight of 500 kilowatts DCOne of 550 kVA AC

Turbo generators: Five of 690 kilowatts DCOne of 460 kilowatts DC

Total electric output: 7,910 kilowatts at 220 voltsRange: 9,280 nautical miles at 16 knots

8,900 nautical miles at 17 knots8,525 nautical miles at 19 knots6,640 nautical miles at 24 knots4,500 nautical miles at 28 knots

Fuel: 8,294 metric tons


⚡ QUEEN ELIZABETH-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER

The Queen Elizabeth class is a class of two aircraft carriers currently under construction for the Royal Navy.

The first, HMS Queen Elizabeth was named on 4 July 2014, with her commissioning planned for 2017, and an initial operational capability expected in 2020. The second, HMS Prince of Wales is scheduled for launch around 2017, followed by commissioning in 2020 and service thereafter — on 5 September 2014, at the NATO summit in Wales.




Displacement: 70,600 tonnes (69,500 long tons; 77,800 short tons)

Length: 280 m (920 ft)Beam: 39 m (128 ft) (waterline)

70 m (230 ft) overall

Draught: 11 m (36 ft)Decks: 16,000 m2 (170,000 sq ft) 9 decks beneath

flightdeck with hangar covering the centerpiece of two decks (without islands)

Propulsion: Integrated full electric propulsion: 2× Rolls-Royce Marine Trent MT30 36 MW (48,000 Hp) gas turbine4× Wärtsilä diesel (2× 9 MW or 12,000 hp & 2× 11 MW or 15,000 hp)4× Converteam 20 MW Advanced Induction Motors

Speed: In excess of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)

Range: 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km; 12,000 mi)

Sensors andprocessing systems:

•S1850M long range radar•Type 997 Artisan 3D medium range radar•Ultra Electronics Series 2500 Electro Optical System (EOS)•Glide Path Camera (GPC)

Armament: •At least 3 × Phalanx CIWS•30-mm DS30M Mk2 guns•Miniguns

Aircraft carried: •Tailored air group of up to 40 aircraft(50 full load): F-35B Lightning II•Chinook•AgustaWestland Apache•Merlin•Lynx Wildcat


Instead of a single island superstructure containing both the ship's navigation bridge and flying control (flyco) centres, the ships will have these operations divided between two structures, with the forward island for navigating the ship and the aft island for controlling flying operations. Under the flight deck are a further nine decks. The hangar deck measures 155 by 33.5 metres (509 by 110 ft) with a height of 6.7 to 10 metres (22 to 33 ft.)



The Ministry of Defence Of UK decided not to use nuclear propulsion due to its high cost,so power is supplied by two Rolls-Royce Marine Trent MT30 36 MW (48,000 hp) gas turbine generator units and four Wärtsilä diesel generator sets (two 9 MW or 12,000 hp and two 11 MW or 15,000 hp sets).


ROLLS-ROYCE MARINE TRENT MT30 36 MW


The Trents and diesels are the largest ever supplied to the Royal Navy, and together they feed the low-voltage electrical systems as well as four GE Power Conversion's 20 MW Advanced Induction Motor (arranged in tandem) electric propulsion motors that drive the twin fixed-pitch propellers.


WÄRTSILÄ DIESAEL GENERATOR


The ship has an Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) system and uses four 20MW (27,000 hp) electric motors of a similar type to that used in the UK’s Type 45 destroyers which use only two, one per shaft. The motors are driven by a Converteam VDM 25000 pulse width modulated converter which produces a variable frequency output allowing the shaft speed to be controlled across the full operating range, thereby eliminating the need for a gearbox. The four motors, two per shaft, are located in three separate compartments for better damage control and suvivability.



A platform management system is provided by L-3 Communications and includes a fully integrated propulsion power management system that controls the operation of the turbo and diesel generating sets for optimum efficiency.

For aspects of stability the diesel gensets are located low in the ship and were delivered at an earlier stage of the construction. The Converteam generators are powered by two Wärtsilä 16V38s of 11 MW (15,000 hp) and two Wärtsilä 12V38s of 9 MW (12,000 hp). The two relatively lighter Rolls-Royce MT30 gas turbine generators are mounted higher in the ship to shorten the air downtakes and exhausts.

The range of the carrier without refuelling is stated as being 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km).


⚡ PROPULSION SYSTEM-SUMMARY


⚡ USS ENTERPRISE (CVN-65)

She was the world's first Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and the eighth United States naval vessel to bear the name.Like her predecessor of World War II fame, she is nicknamed "Big E". At 1,123 ft (342 m),she is the longest naval vessel in the world, a record which still stands. Her 93,284-long-ton (94,781 t) displacement ranked her as the 11th-heaviest supercarrier, after the 10 carriers of the Nimitz class. Enterprise had a crew of some 4,600 service members.



Displacement: 93,284 long tons (94,781 t) Full Load

Length: 1,123 ft (342 m)Beam: 132.8 ft (40.5 m) (waterline)

257.2 ft (78.4 m) (extreme)

Draft: 39 ft (12 m)Propulsion: 8 × Westinghouse A2W nuclear reactors

four sets Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 × shafts280,000 shp (210 MW)

Speed: 33.6 kn (38.7 mph; 62.2 km/h)Range: Unlimited distance; 20-25 yearsComplement: 5,828 (maximum)

Ship's company: 3,000 (2,700 Sailors, 150 Chiefs, 150 Officers) Air wing: 1,800 (250 pilots, and 1,550 support personnel)

Sensors and:processing systems

AN/SPS-48 3D air search radarAN/SPS-49 2D air search radar

Electronic warfare& decoys:

AN/SLQ-32 Electronic Warfare SuiteMark 36 SRBOC

Armament:

•2 × NATO Sea Sparrow launchers•2 × 20 mm Phalanx CIWS mounts•2 RAM launchers

Armor: 8 in (20 cm) aluminum belt (equivalent to 4 in (10 cm) rolled homogeneous steel armor), armored flight deck, hangar, magazines and reactor

Aircraft carried:

Hold up to 9060+ (normally)

Aviation facilities:

Flight deck: 1,123 ft (342 m)

Notes: Equipped with 4 steam-powered catapults.



Enterprise is also the only aircraft carrier to house more than two nuclear reactors,having an eight-reactor propulsion design, with each A2W reactor taking the place of one of the conventional boilers in earlier constructions.She is the only carrier with four rudders, two more than other classes, and features a more cruiser-like hull.



The U.S. started developing nuclear power plants for ships back in the 1940s, seeing the obvious strategic advantage of an aircraft carrier that needs refuelling only once every few years. Enterprise was the first. While the ship has a somewhat conservative hull, one modified from the conventional Forrestal-class supercarrier, its propulsion was revolutionary.



The Enterprise has eight Westinghouse A2W nuclear reactors, each generating 35,000 shaft horsepower. That's an incredible amount of power, even for a ship this size, giving the 93,000-ton carrier a top speed of greater than 33 knots (38 mph). In trials it achieved more than 35 knots.


⚡ BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. http://www.google.com2. http://www.militaryfactory.com3. http://www.en.wikipedia.org4. http://www.maritimepropulsion.com5. http://www.popularmechanics.com


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Thank You


Propulsion Systems Of Ships

Engineering

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