Proprietary Carolina Chapter 5a

Proprietary CarolinaProprietary CarolinaChapter 5a

8-1.38-1.3: Summarize the history of English settlement in New England, the mid-Atlantic region, and the South, with an emphasis on South Carolina as an example of a distinctly southern colony

8-1.48-1.4: Explain the significance of enslaved and free Africans in the developing culture and economy of the South and South Carolina, including the growth of the slave trade and resulting population imbalance between African and European settlers; African contributions to agricultural development; and resistance to slavery, including the Stono Rebellion and subsequent laws to control slaves.

8-1.58-1.5: Explain how South Carolinians used their natural, human, and political resources uniquely to gain economic prosperity, including settlement by and trade with the people of Barbados, rice and indigo planting, and the practice of mercantilism.

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TimelineTimeline• 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on the

remains of Charles Fort’s• 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on the

remains Ft San Felipe’s• 1607 Jamestown, VA is the First permanent

English settlement in America • 1619 Africans first arrive in America

1663 Carolina colony given to Lord 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord ProprietorsProprietors

1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on Charles Fort’s

remains

1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on Ft San Felipe’s remains

1607 Jamestown, VA 1st permanent

settlement in America

1619 Africans first arrive in

America

1663 Carolina 1663 Carolina colony given colony given

to Lord to Lord ProprietorsProprietors

Chapter 5

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The Charter of CarolinaThe Charter of Carolina

•In 1649, during a revolution in England, King Charles I was executed•His sons were able to escape to France–Where they stayed until it was safe to come back

• On May 8, 1660, Charles II (oldest son of Charles I) became King of England

•In 1649, during a revolution in England, King Charles I was executed•His sons were able to escape to France–Where they stayed until it was safe to come back

• On May 8, 1660, Charles II (oldest son of Charles I) became King of England

King Charles I

King Charles II 3

King Charles II issued a charter that gave 8 men land in America

As thanks for helping him get the throne backOpportunity for them to earn money

They became known as the Lords Proprietors

King Charles II issued a charter that gave 8 men land in America

As thanks for helping him get the throne backOpportunity for them to earn money

They became known as the Lords Proprietors


Charter of Carolina

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The land given to the Lords Proprietors:

Everything from the top of Florida to the bottom of Virginia, From the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

They called the colony CarolinaCarolina

The land given to the Lords Proprietors:

Everything from the top of Florida to the bottom of Virginia, From the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

They called the colony CarolinaCarolina


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The proprietors were wealthy, titled land wealthy, titled land owners in England owners in England

(investors) (investors) •The charter gave them control of the government of the colony• Carolina colony started as a proprietary colony BUT…•The proprietors never left England & made all of the laws for Carolina without ever seeing itwithout ever seeing it

The proprietors were wealthy, titled land wealthy, titled land owners in England owners in England

(investors) (investors) •The charter gave them control of the government of the colony• Carolina colony started as a proprietary colony BUT…•The proprietors never left England & made all of the laws for Carolina without ever seeing itwithout ever seeing it


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In 1664Barbadians -people from Barbados Island

• Attempted to establish a colony named Charles Town near Cape Fear, NC•It failed within 3 years because of hostile Native Americans and…and…•Lacked the Lords Proprietors’ support

In 1664Barbadians -people from Barbados Island

• Attempted to establish a colony named Charles Town near Cape Fear, NC•It failed within 3 years because of hostile Native Americans and…and…•Lacked the Lords Proprietors’ support


Location of Cape Fear

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• _____ ______ _______ ________started the successful Charles Town colony on Albemarle Point.

• He got money to start the colony by asking the other proprietors to______ ______.

• How did the proprietors plan to get my from the colony?

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Lord Anthony Ashley CooperLord Anthony Ashley Cooper, One of the Lord’s Proprietors, started the successful Charles Town colony on Albemarle Albemarle PointPoint by finally asking the other proprietors to invest money invest money in the colony.In return for their investment, they would make $$ from the settlers by collecting a

QuitrentQuitrent = Rent They had to pay the king a small amount each year, but It was minimal compared to the $$ they were making

Lord Anthony Ashley CooperLord Anthony Ashley Cooper, One of the Lord’s Proprietors, started the successful Charles Town colony on Albemarle Albemarle PointPoint by finally asking the other proprietors to invest money invest money in the colony.In return for their investment, they would make $$ from the settlers by collecting a

QuitrentQuitrent = Rent They had to pay the king a small amount each year, but It was minimal compared to the $$ they were making

Charles Town BeginsCharles Town Begins

Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper

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Finding settlers to move to Carolina fairly easy•The Bubonic Plague

–transmitted by fleas on the brown rat, swept through England–started in part by houses being too close together & poor sanitation

•The Great London Fire burned a large portion of the city

–Helped to stop the spread of the plague

Finding settlers to move to Carolina fairly easy•The Bubonic Plague

–transmitted by fleas on the brown rat, swept through England–started in part by houses being too close together & poor sanitation

•The Great London Fire burned a large portion of the city

–Helped to stop the spread of the plague


The Great London Fire

Brown Rat

Fleas would bite infected rats and

give the disease to humans by biting

them.

London, 1611

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The settlers left England in August,

1669•They sailed to Ireland •Then on to Barbados –They picked up more passengers–Including wealthy planters and their African slaves

The settlers left England in August,

1669•They sailed to Ireland •Then on to Barbados –They picked up more passengers–Including wealthy planters and their African slaves


Barbados

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•At 1st, the settlers headed for Port Royal near Beaufort •Where Charlesfort and Ft San Marcos were located

•They were welcomed by the Kiawah tribe on Bull’s IslandBut But decided not to settle there after they inspected it•They eventually landed on the area that is now known as Charles Town Harbor

•At 1st, the settlers headed for Port Royal near Beaufort •Where Charlesfort and Ft San Marcos were located

•They were welcomed by the Kiawah tribe on Bull’s IslandBut But decided not to settle there after they inspected it•They eventually landed on the area that is now known as Charles Town Harbor


Bull’s Island Charles Town Harbor12

““Fundamental Fundamental Constitution of Carolina”Constitution of Carolina”

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The settlers carried with them the “Fundamental Constitution “Fundamental Constitution

of Carolina” of Carolina” 1.Set up the nobility system the proprietors planned to set up2.The government that the colonists were expected to follow 3.The most important thing: It guaranteed religious freedom This was the first time that a written constitution guaranteed this freedom

The settlers carried with them the “Fundamental Constitution “Fundamental Constitution

of Carolina” of Carolina” 1.Set up the nobility system the proprietors planned to set up2.The government that the colonists were expected to follow 3.The most important thing: It guaranteed religious freedom This was the first time that a written constitution guaranteed this freedom


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Albemarle Point in April, 1670

The settlers eventually signed the Treaty of Madrid with Spain after the Spanish tried to destroy Charles TownThe treaty declared that all settlements NORTH of St. Augustine, FL, belonged to the English Helped pave the way for success for Charles Town

Albemarle Point in April, 1670

The settlers eventually signed the Treaty of Madrid with Spain after the Spanish tried to destroy Charles TownThe treaty declared that all settlements NORTH of St. Augustine, FL, belonged to the English Helped pave the way for success for Charles Town


Original location of

Charles Town

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The settlers had a hard time the 1st year

•surviving disease•a lack of knowledge about the climate and region•Native American attacks Charles Town had to be moved from Albemarle Point Albemarle Point to Oyster Point Oyster Point because is was poorly designedpoorly designed and was becoming overcrowdedovercrowded

The capital of the Carolina colony for many years

The settlers had a hard time the 1st year

•surviving disease•a lack of knowledge about the climate and region•Native American attacks Charles Town had to be moved from Albemarle Point Albemarle Point to Oyster Point Oyster Point because is was poorly designedpoorly designed and was becoming overcrowdedovercrowded

The capital of the Carolina colony for many years

Charles Town GrowsCharles Town Grows

New location of Charles Town

New location of Charles Town

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When Charles Town was moved, it was designed in a symmetrical grid to allow more room for growth.

When Charles Town was moved, it was designed in a symmetrical grid to allow more room for growth.


Charleston TodayCharleston Today

Colonial Charles TownColonial Charles Town17

The Headright The Headright MethodMethod

Settlers got land based on the number of people in the family, or household Slaves and indentured servants were included in the count

More people =

More land

The Headright The Headright MethodMethod

Settlers got land based on the number of people in the family, or household Slaves and indentured servants were included in the count

More people =

More land


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Not everyone could afford to move to Carolina colony

Wealthy landowners:•Needed laborers •Paid for passage in exchange for labor = indentured servantsindentured servants–Would then have to work off their debt

Using the Headright Method, landowners received a lot of land

This helped start the large farms of the plantation

system

Not everyone could afford to move to Carolina colony

Wealthy landowners:•Needed laborers •Paid for passage in exchange for labor = indentured servantsindentured servants–Would then have to work off their debt

Using the Headright Method, landowners received a lot of land

This helped start the large farms of the plantation

system


Drayton Hall Plantation

Drayton Hall Plantation

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• List the different groups that came to the Carolina Colony in the later 1600s. (nationalities and religions)

• What was the largest group to come to Carolina?

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1st settlers of Charles Town1st settlers of Charles Town•Englishmen from Barbados•They already had an established plantation system

Other colonists were from Switzerland & Germany Ireland & Scotland, And even FranceReligious groups: Huguenots, Jews, Anglicans, and other Christian denominations Came to Carolina for freedom to worship The largest group of people to come to the colonies were African slaves from Barbados.

1st settlers of Charles Town1st settlers of Charles Town•Englishmen from Barbados•They already had an established plantation system

Other colonists were from Switzerland & Germany Ireland & Scotland, And even FranceReligious groups: Huguenots, Jews, Anglicans, and other Christian denominations Came to Carolina for freedom to worship The largest group of people to come to the colonies were African slaves from Barbados.


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Describe how the following contributed to the Carolina colony economy:

1.Indian Trade2.Cattle3.Naval Stores4.Rice

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Carolina colony’s economy grew quickly

The Lords Proprietors wanted to make $$ off of the colonists’ quitrent (rent) BUT…settlers had to be able to make $

Colonists made money by trading with the Native

AmericansSettlers - traded guns, beads, trinkets, and alcohol Native Americans -traded furs & deerskins Colonists shipped to England to make clothes

Carolina colony’s economy grew quickly

The Lords Proprietors wanted to make $$ off of the colonists’ quitrent (rent) BUT…settlers had to be able to make $

Colonists made money by trading with the Native

AmericansSettlers - traded guns, beads, trinkets, and alcohol Native Americans -traded furs & deerskins Colonists shipped to England to make clothes

Carolina EconomyCarolina Economy

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Settlers raised cattleThe cattle was traded to Caribbean islands for sugarAfrican slaves were experienced herdsmen & horsemenTheir knowledge was used to help increase the cattle trade…$$$

Carolina African slaves were the first “cowboys”

Settlers raised cattleThe cattle was traded to Caribbean islands for sugarAfrican slaves were experienced herdsmen & horsemenTheir knowledge was used to help increase the cattle trade…$$$

Carolina African slaves were the first “cowboys”


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Carolina EconomyCarolina EconomyAnother way settlers got money was through naval stores which was used to make ships water tight

Pitch & tar were gotten from pine trees grew all over the Carolina Colony

Slaves would harvest the naval stores, as well as the wood from the trees to make barrels & buckets, hardwood for furniture, and shingles for English houses.

Another way settlers got money was through naval stores which was used to make ships water tight

Pitch & tar were gotten from pine trees grew all over the Carolina Colony

Slaves would harvest the naval stores, as well as the wood from the trees to make barrels & buckets, hardwood for furniture, and shingles for English houses.

Pine trees tapped for pitchPine trees tapped for pitch

Wooden shingles on the side of a

house

Wooden shingles on the side of a

house 25

RiceSettlers made the most $$ from riceIt started out as a staple crop

–a crop that most people eat or can use

•The early colonial rice did not grow well •Carolina Gold was brought over from Madagascar •The African slaves had grown this rice for centuries and knew everything about planting rice.

RiceSettlers made the most $$ from riceIt started out as a staple crop

–a crop that most people eat or can use

•The early colonial rice did not grow well •Carolina Gold was brought over from Madagascar •The African slaves had grown this rice for centuries and knew everything about planting rice.


Slaves in a rice fieldSlaves in a rice field

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• The good relationship between the settlers and the Natives was ruined when…

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Native Americans were traded as slaves Were kidnapped or captured by rivals and sold into slavery in the Caribbean. This ruined the settlers good relationship with the Native Americans

Native Americans were traded as slaves Were kidnapped or captured by rivals and sold into slavery in the Caribbean. This ruined the settlers good relationship with the Native Americans

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Royal Colony of Carolina 5b

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A Divided ColonyA Divided Colony

In the early years:•There was only 1 governor in Carolina•As the colony grew bigger the colonists started to argue•They complained that the Lords Proprietors were not spending the time and energy needed to effectively govern the colony

In the early years:•There was only 1 governor in Carolina•As the colony grew bigger the colonists started to argue•They complained that the Lords Proprietors were not spending the time and energy needed to effectively govern the colony 30

The Carolina Colony was ruled by _______ _________ and _________________.

• The Grand Council was considered “____________________” because it controlled _________________________.

The Grand Council had three groups:1.____________2.____________3.____________

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Carolina Colony: The Lords Proprietors The Lords Proprietors ruled through A governorgovernor and a Grand CouncilGrand CouncilThe Grand Council was considered the “government for the colonygovernment for the colony”

It controlled the law making & the courts It controlled the law making & the courts The Grand Council consisted of 3 groups:1.Representatives chosen by the Lords Proprietors2.Representatives elected by Carolina Nobles3.Representatives of the freemen (the regular colonists)

Carolina Colony: The Lords Proprietors The Lords Proprietors ruled through A governorgovernor and a Grand CouncilGrand CouncilThe Grand Council was considered the “government for the colonygovernment for the colony”

It controlled the law making & the courts It controlled the law making & the courts The Grand Council consisted of 3 groups:1.Representatives chosen by the Lords Proprietors2.Representatives elected by Carolina Nobles3.Representatives of the freemen (the regular colonists)

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A Divided ColonyA Divided ColonyIn 1682, the Council changed the power of the groups represented by the nobility and proprietors, and took away some of their power. 1.There needed to be a majority of EACH group to pass a law. (Majority Rule)2.A jury system was established

Names were drawn out of a box by a child to ensure fairness. The jury would then make a decision about the case brought before them.

3.People who were not members of the Anglican Church wouldn’t be taxed to support the Anglican Church

In 1682, the Council changed the power of the groups represented by the nobility and proprietors, and took away some of their power. 1.There needed to be a majority of EACH group to pass a law. (Majority Rule)2.A jury system was established

Names were drawn out of a box by a child to ensure fairness. The jury would then make a decision about the case brought before them.

3.People who were not members of the Anglican Church wouldn’t be taxed to support the Anglican Church

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The Commons House of Assembly“ “

The Council (not Grand Council)• Consisted of _____________

The Commons House and the Council became known as the __________.

Over time the Commons house gained _____ ________.

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In 1692 -The proprietors set aside the Fundamental Constitutions & created the Commons House of the Assembly–Became the voice of the people

The Council then only consisted of representatives of the Proprietors •The 2 bodies (Commons House of Assembly and The Council) became known as the Assembly a bicameral legislature•Bicameral – a legislative (law making) body containing 2 houses

•The Commons House gained more power

In 1692 -The proprietors set aside the Fundamental Constitutions & created the Commons House of the Assembly–Became the voice of the people

The Council then only consisted of representatives of the Proprietors •The 2 bodies (Commons House of Assembly and The Council) became known as the Assembly a bicameral legislature•Bicameral – a legislative (law making) body containing 2 houses

•The Commons House gained more power 35

Northern Carolina differed from Southern Carolina

• Primary northern crop…• Northern coast had…• Northern Carolina aligned itself

with…

What did these differences lead to?

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A Divided ColonyA Divided ColonyGeographically – The northern part of the Carolina colony never fit in: •It had sounds not harbors •Tobacco was the cash crop, not rice •It had close ties with Virginia shipping ports

1689, Carolina colony was split

North Carolina & South Carolina

Geographically – The northern part of the Carolina colony never fit in: •It had sounds not harbors •Tobacco was the cash crop, not rice •It had close ties with Virginia shipping ports

1689, Carolina colony was split

North Carolina & South Carolina 37


In 1680, The Proprietors stopped

using the headright method Decided it was time to stop granting free landProprietors made settlers sign contracts that required them to pay rent on the landColonists became upset because they wanted to own the land free of rent

In 1680, The Proprietors stopped

using the headright method Decided it was time to stop granting free landProprietors made settlers sign contracts that required them to pay rent on the landColonists became upset because they wanted to own the land free of rent

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A Divided ColonyA Divided ColonyOther Problems:The Barbadians•About ½ of the population of the colony•Thought they deserved more power •Got angry when the governor that they liked was forced out by the Lords Proprietors

The colony needed strong leadership, but

got fighting instead

Other Problems:The Barbadians•About ½ of the population of the colony•Thought they deserved more power •Got angry when the governor that they liked was forced out by the Lords Proprietors

The colony needed strong leadership, but

got fighting instead39

Fighting the Spanish

• In 1702 Carolina attacked __ ___________.

• Describe the attack and a mishap

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Conflicts in the ColonyConflicts in the ColonyThe Spanish had been attacking settlers in the southern part of Carolina colony. •When the Spanish king died, England attacked Spain to keep his land from going to his closest relative who was French. •With 500 colonists, Carolina With 500 colonists, Carolina attacked St. Augustine in 1702 attacked St. Augustine in 1702 •They laid They laid siegesiege against the city for against the city for six weeks, which ended when South six weeks, which ended when South Carolinians burned the settlementCarolinians burned the settlement. Unfortunately, they also burned they also burned their own ships and had to walk their own ships and had to walk homehomeIn 1706 the Spanish retaliated, attacking Charles Town.

The fighting finally ended in 1714

The Spanish had been attacking settlers in the southern part of Carolina colony. •When the Spanish king died, England attacked Spain to keep his land from going to his closest relative who was French. •With 500 colonists, Carolina With 500 colonists, Carolina attacked St. Augustine in 1702 attacked St. Augustine in 1702 •They laid They laid siegesiege against the city for against the city for six weeks, which ended when South six weeks, which ended when South Carolinians burned the settlementCarolinians burned the settlement. Unfortunately, they also burned they also burned their own ships and had to walk their own ships and had to walk homehomeIn 1706 the Spanish retaliated, attacking Charles Town.

The fighting finally ended in 1714

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The Tuscarora War• Where and When?• Describe what happened and why

• Phase 1• Phase 2• Phase 3

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The Indian WarsThe Indian WarsColonists were constantly fighting with

Native Americans One conflict with the Tuscarora tribe occurred in 1711 in North CarolinaThe Tuscarora massacred several families when they heard that Swiss colonists were going to push them off their landSouth Carolina responded by sending 500 friendly Native Americans and 30 settlers. A peace treaty was signedbut by 1712, they were fighting again

South Carolina stayed until the end of the war, and Tuscarora were wiped out as a threat

Colonists were constantly fighting with Native Americans

One conflict with the Tuscarora tribe occurred in 1711 in North CarolinaThe Tuscarora massacred several families when they heard that Swiss colonists were going to push them off their landSouth Carolina responded by sending 500 friendly Native Americans and 30 settlers. A peace treaty was signedbut by 1712, they were fighting again

South Carolina stayed until the end of the war, and Tuscarora were wiped out as a threat 43

The Yemassee War

• When and Where?• Describe what happened

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Conflicts in the ColonyConflicts in the Colony

The Yemassee War (1715-1717) Involved almost every Native American tribe that traded with the settlersThis was fought entirely within South Carolina. The Yemassee attacked Port Royal

–Because traders had charged Because traders had charged high prices and cheated them in high prices and cheated them in business dealsbusiness deals

1st the militia defeated the YemasseeAfter a 2nd attack, the Cherokee helped the settlersThe 3rd phase of this war lasted until

the peace treaty was signed

The Yemassee War (1715-1717) Involved almost every Native American tribe that traded with the settlersThis was fought entirely within South Carolina. The Yemassee attacked Port Royal

–Because traders had charged Because traders had charged high prices and cheated them in high prices and cheated them in business dealsbusiness deals

1st the militia defeated the YemasseeAfter a 2nd attack, the Cherokee helped the settlersThe 3rd phase of this war lasted until

the peace treaty was signed

Thomas Hepworth House in Beaufort has gun ports in

basement on the back of the house to help defend against

Yemassee attacks

Thomas Hepworth House in Beaufort has gun ports in

basement on the back of the house to help defend against

Yemassee attacks 45

• What happened to the Yemassee after the war?

• What did the colonist gain after the war?

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Conflicts in the ColonyConflicts in the ColonyBy the end of the war…Most of the Yemassee were dead Most of the Yemassee were dead The survivors moved back to Florida The survivors moved back to Florida and were absorbed into the Seminolesand were absorbed into the Seminoles

This war lasted longer & cost more: $$ and lives

than any other Native American war

In the end - more land was open to settlement

Colonists learned to depend on themselves, and not the Lords Proprietors, for protection

By the end of the war…Most of the Yemassee were dead Most of the Yemassee were dead The survivors moved back to Florida The survivors moved back to Florida and were absorbed into the Seminolesand were absorbed into the Seminoles

This war lasted longer & cost more: $$ and lives

than any other Native American war

In the end - more land was open to settlement

Colonists learned to depend on themselves, and not the Lords Proprietors, for protectionColonistsColonists

ProprietorsProprietors

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• The Proprietors thought the colonists1. ___________________2. ____________________

• The colonist thought the Proprietors1. _______________2. ________________

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Conflict Between Proprietors and Colonists

Conflict Between Proprietors and Colonists

Colonists felt:The proprietors were too far awayNot investing enough money or supplies in the colony

The Proprietors felt:That the colonists were not obedient enough Where costing them valuable profits

Colonists felt:The proprietors were too far awayNot investing enough money or supplies in the colony

The Proprietors felt:That the colonists were not obedient enough Where costing them valuable profits

ColonistsColonists

ProprietorsProprietors

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• Describe the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony.

• What happened to SC in 1729

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Change in GovernmentThe CouncilProtested to the king about the neglect of the proprietors Appealed to the king to make Carolina a royal colony

Whose governor would be appointed by the king rather than proprietors

In 1729 the king reached a financial agreement with the Proprietors Both North and South Carolina became royal colonies

Chapter 5

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Proprietary Carolina Chapter 5a

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