Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis:

A Case Study in Indonesia

Ta n d a n g Yu l i a d i D w i P u t ra ( ta n d a n g @ i i s . u - to k yo . a c . j p / ta n d a n g .y u l i a d i @ b i g . go . i d )

18-21 September 2018Antwerp, Belgium

Session: National approaches, strategies and international cooperation Room: Okapi 3 Time: Friday, 21 September 2018

A Mindmap of Spatial Data Infrastructure

2

3

The role of actors is a source of SDI complexity

SDI Stakeholders refer to individual or group with an interest in the success of an SDI in delivering its intended results and maintaining the viability of its products. Stakeholders either affect the SDI or are affected by it (Hjelmager et al., 2008)

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

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Problem of NSDI stakeholders involvement in Indonesia

Central Government Agencies (64)

Provinces (34)

Municipalities/Districts (514)

National Armed Force

State Institutions (8)

NSDI

National Police

Type of Institution Number of

Institutions

Connected

to NSDI*

Connected

to NSDI (%)

State Institutions 8 0 0%

Central Government

Agencies, Police &

Armed Force

66 11 16.7%

Provinces 34 17 50%

Municipalities/Districts 514 10 1.9%

TOTAL 622 38 6.1%

*Source: www.tanahair.go.id as per April 2018

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

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Low availability of data providers and datasets

12 15

778

340

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Sep 2016 Sep 2017

NSDI Data Providers & Datasets Availability

Number of Data Providers (services are accessible)

Number of Datasets Available (to download or as web services)

5 Institutions were quit providing services:- Ministry of Tourism (58)- BMKG (96 services)- BNPB (46) - Aceh Province (257)- South Kalimantan Province (44)

8 new data providers: - Ministry of Energy & MR (29)- Ministry of Home Affairs (14) - West Java Province (2)- Depok City (2)- Balikpapan City (33)- Bontang City (34)- Klaten Municipality (15)- Sumbawa Municipality (9)

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

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Why do problems of NSDI Stakeholders occur?

Step 1:Identifying

Stakeholders

Step 2:Categorizing Stakeholders

Step 3:Investigating Relationships

Remarks

Documentary evidences & interviews

NSDI Stakeholder Diagram

Actor-Linkage Graph

7

NSDI Stakeholder Analysis

Data Provision Technological

Infrastructure

Human Capacity

Financial Resource

Questionnaire Survey (46 Respondents)

Central Government Agency

5

Province4

Municipality/District28

Private Company

6

Academia3

Stakeholders of Indonesia NSDI

1. Geospatial Information Agency (BIG)

2. Central Government Agencies

3. State Institutions

4. Provincial Government

5. Municipal/District Government

6. National Police

7. National Armed Force

8. Center of SDI Development in university (PPIDS)

9. Survey & Mapping Companies

10. Geospatial Application Developers

11. GIS Software Providers

12. NGOs/NPOs

13. Lecturers/Researchers

14. Students

15. Citizens

Step 1: Identifying Stakeholders

8

NSDI Stakeholders Table

9

Step 2: Categorizing Stakeholders

Stakeholders Interests Resources Influence

Geospatial Information Agency (BIG)

• Disseminate basic geospatial information

• Collect thematic data• Establish network nodes connection• Access web services

• Annual budget allocation• Data center• GIS software, surveying tools, CORS

infrastructure• Nation-wide topographic maps• Human resources

High

Central GovernmentAgencies

• Collect topographic maps• Share thematic data• Access web services

• Budget allocation• GIS software, computer, and Internet network• Thematic data• Human resources

High

Geospatial Application Developers

• Collect basic and thematic data• Access web services

• GIS software, computer, and Internet network• Human resources

Low

Lecturers/ Researchers • Collect basic and thematic data• Access web services

• GIS software, computer, and Internet network Low

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

Power-Interest Grid

10

Step 2: Categorizing Stakeholders

1. Geospatial Information Agency (BIG)2. Central Government Agencies3. State Institutions4. Provincial Government5. Municipality/District Government6. National Police7. National Armed Force8. Center of SDI Development in university (PPIDS)9. Survey & Mapping Companies10. Geospatial Application Developers11. GIS Software Providers12. NGOs/NPOs13. Lecturers/Researchers14. Students15. Citizens

4

low

high

low high

Power

Interest

Key PlayersContext Setters

Crowd Subjects

1

2

35

6

7

8

910

1112

13

14

15

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

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Step 2: Categorizing Stakeholders

Features of Stakeholder CapabilitiesData Provision

Scale Indicator

1 No geospatial data available

2 Non-GIS data format available

3 Basic geospatial data available

4 Basic & thematic data available

5 Basic & thematic data conform with the national catalogue

Human Capacity

Scale Indicator

1 No GIS workers available

2 Small number of GIS workers (1-5 people)

3 Several GIS workers available (6-10 people)

4 Large number GIS workers available (>10 people)

5 Large number and Professional GIS workers

Financial Resource

Scale Indicator

1 No budget for data provision & dissemination

2 Incidental (non-routine) budget

3 Annually small budget (< 1 Billion IDR)

4 Annually medium budget ( 1-5 Billion IDR)

5 Annually large budget (>5 Billion IDR)

Technological Infrastructure

Scale Indicator

1 No GIS software/hardware & Internet network

2 GIS Software or Internet network available

3 GIS Software/hardware & Internet network available

4 GIS Software/hardware, Server & Internet network

5 Geoportal & dedicated data center available

Survey Results

12

Step 2: Categorizing Stakeholders

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Technological Infrastructure

1-No GIS software/hardware & Internet network 2-GIS Software or Internet network available

3-GIS Software/hardware & Internet network available 4-GIS Software/hardware, Server & Internet network available

5-Geoportal & dedicated data center available

BIG and 80% of central gov

agencies have good

infrastructure

Most of Municipalities/

Districts do not have resource for data

publication

Private sectors & PPIDS are capable

in publishing services

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

NSDI Stakeholder Diagram

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Step 2: Categorizing Stakeholders

1. BIG2. Central Government Agencies3. State Institutions4. Provincial Government5. Municipality/District

Government6. National Police7. National Armed Force8. Center of SDI Development in

university (PPIDS)9. Survey & Mapping Companies10. Geospatial Application

Developers11. GIS Software Providers12. NGOs/NPOs13. Lecturers/Researchers14. Students15. Citizens

Crowd Subjects

Context Setters Key Players5

1

Data Provision

Financial Resource

Technological Infrastructure

Human Capacity

1

36

7

2

2

3

4

8

4

910

111213

14

15

5

NSDI Actor-Linkage Table

14

Stakeholder BIG Central Government

ProvincialGovernment

State Institutions

Geospatial AppDeveloper

Geospatial Information Agency (BIG)

- 4 MoU- 1 Meeting record- 7 Datasets sharing

- 5 MoU- 5 Meeting record- 7 Datasets sharing

- No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

- Incidental cooperation- Occasional meeting- Infrequent data sharing

Central Government - 4 MoU- 1 Meeting record- 7 Datasets sharing

- 1 Cooperation- 1 Irregular meeting- 1 Dataset sharing

- No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

- Incidental cooperation- Occasional meeting- Infrequent data sharing

Provincial Government - 5 MoU- 5 meeting records- 7 datasets

- 1 Cooperation- 1 Irregular meeting- 1 Dataset sharing

- No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

- Incidental cooperation- Occasional meeting- No data sharing

State Institutions - No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

- No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

- No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

- No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

Geospatial App Developer

- Incidental cooperation- Occasional meeting- Infrequent data sharing

- Incidental cooperation- Occasional meeting- Infrequent data sharing

- Incidental cooperation- Occasional meeting- No data sharing

- No cooperation- No meeting- No data sharing

Step 3: Investigating Stakeholders

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

NSDI Actor-Linkage Graph

15

Step 3: Investigating Stakeholders

4

low

high

high

Power

Interest

1

2

35

6

7

8

9

10

1112

13

14

15

Strong relation

Weak relation

Unconnected

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

1. Geospatial Information Agency (BIG)2. Central Government Agencies3. State Institutions4. Provincial Government5. Municipality/District Government6. National Police7. National Armed Force8. Center of SDI Development in university (PPIDS)9. Survey & Mapping Companies10. Geospatial Application Developers11. GIS Software Providers12. NGOs/NPOs13. Lecturers/Researchers14. Students15. Citizens

Remarks

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● The key players ( , , , ) of Indonesia NSDI are mainly from government agencies that have resources on data, budget and technological infrastructure

● Municipalities/Districts ( ) have limitations in publishing their geospatial data hence resulted in lack of participation

● The awareness of geospatial information benefits need to be raised to the context setters ( , , )

● Strong collaboration is required between private sectors ( , , ) and government institutions to enlarge NSDI

NSDI Stakeholder Analysis

1 2 4 5

5

3 6 7

9 10 11

Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

Conclusion

● Indonesia NSDI effectively provide data sharing and reduce data duplication among government agencies however other actors is passively influence the implementation

● NSDI Stakeholder Diagram and NSDI Actor-Linkage Graph can be used as a framework for categorizing and defining stakeholder’s interactions

● Collaboration with business sector, academia and community is essential to broaden NSDI scope and usage

● Future study is necessary to verify NSDI Stakeholder Analysis in different NSDI setting

17Proposing a Framework for NSDI Stakeholder Analysis: A Case Study in Indonesia

Thank you for your attention...