FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A 2MW FSPV

POWER STATION & E-TRANSPORT FACILITY FOR THE PROPOSED

SMART CITY OF PONDICHERRY

By:- Ankit Kumar Singh Guide:- Dr. R.Arun.Prasath M.Tech 2nd year Assistant Professor Centre for green energy technology. Centre for green energy technology.

OUTLINE

1. Motivation 2. Introduction3. Methodology4. Floating solar PV system details5. E-rickshaw & the charging facility6. Cost estimation and payback7. Conclusion 8. FSPV experts around the world

MOTIVATION The 21st century is regarded as the century of cities. According to a report by UN department of Economics and Social

affairs, 2014. The trend of urban population growth is as shown:

30 54 66

1950

20142050

GROWTH PERCENTAGEGROWTH PERCENTAGE

Unprecedented increase has caused issues such as:1. Scenario of flood.2. Exponential increase of pollution.3. Huge stress on transportation system.4. Huge stress on the grids.5. Huge energy deficit.6. Shrinking land resource.

Government of India initiative Oulgaret municipality (Pondicherry) a contestant

(source: india smart city mission. (2015). Retrieved from http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/winningcity/DavanagereSCP.pdf)

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS SMART CITY ? Self-developing People friendly Sustainable and energy independent city Guidelines of development:Emphasis on solar: “10% of the total consumption of the smart city should be produced through solar”Emphasis on transportation system:“Encouragement of smart transport and intelligent traffic system”

(source: india smart city mission. (2015). Retrieved from http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/winningcity/DavanagereSCP.pdf)

Strategies of smart city development:

Retrofitting Redevelopment Greenfield

(source: strategy. (2015). Retrieved January 30, 2015, from http://www.smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/Strategy.pdf)

METHODOLOGY OUTLINE Radiation, temperature & wind data for the

location. FSPV SYSTEM DETAILS Shadow analysis &Array spacing Layout, Electrical system & Mooring system Estimation of annual yield E-TRANSPORT FACILITY

E-rickshaw specification Charging facility specification Energy calculation

Cost estimation and payback period

METHODOLOGY Manual survey done. No structure constructed as of now. Presence of grid within 2 Kms radius of the site.(source: Town and planning commission, Oulgaret, Pondicherry)

RADIATION DATA

Janua

ry

Februa

ryMarc

hAp

rilMay

Jun

e July

Augu

st

Septem

ber

Octobe

r

Noverm

ber

Decembe

r

4.695.65 6.37 6.14 5.87

5.32 4.95 5.1 5.294.37 3.9 4.09

Days average daily solar radiation (KWh/m2/day)=PSH

Days average daily solar radiation (KWh/m2/day)=PSH

(source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse)

TEMPERATURE DATA

Januar

y

Februa

ryMarc

hAp

rilMay

Jun

e July

Augus

t

Septem

ber

Octobe

r

Noverm

ber

Decembe

r

25.125.6

26.6

27.428.4 28.8 28.6 28.6

28.126.8

26.125.6

Day time average temperature (deg c)Day time average temperature (deg c)

(source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse)

WIND DATA

Janua

ry

Febura

ryMarc

hAp

ril May June July

Augu

st

Septem

ber

October

Novem

ber

Decembe

r

1.82

2.4

2.9

3.5 3.53.2

3.2

2.5

1.5 1.61.9

Average wind velocity(m/s)Average wind velocity(m/s)

(source: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse)

FLOATING SOLAR PV SYSTEM

The floating solar PV system can be differentiated into four subsystems, they are as follows: Floating system Photovoltaic system Electrical system Mooring system

FLOATING SYSTEM

Prerequisites of a floating system: Light weight, able to withstand the load of the

system and can be manufactured at large scale. eco-friendly and recyclable material not affect the integrity of the water body or the

eco-system adversely.

Structures like pontoons can be made which can float over the surface of water.

Fiber reinforced plastic is one of such material that can be used for the purpose.

Concept of very large concrete floating surfaces can also be implemented.

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM For our proposal, we have considered: 72 cell module with multi-crystalline technology. The modules generate 300Wp DC output. High torsion & corrosion resistance. high resistance to moisture ingress.

MAX. POWER (Pmax) 300 Watt

MAX. VOLTAGE (Vmax) 36.5 V

MAX. CURRENT (Imax) 8.09 AOPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE

(Voc) 44.7 VSHORT CIRCUIT CURREENT

(Isc) 8.58 A

NO. OF CELLS 72

DIMENSIONS (L*B*H) (1.984*1.0*0.04) m

WEIGHT 24 Kg

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Proposed a micro-grid tied inverter system with

following specifications: Other electrical accessories are the combiner boxes,

marine grade wiring system, net metering device etc. which are in accordance to the regional standard.

MICRO- GRID TIED INVERTER SPECIFICATIONS

Item 300 WpMax. recommended PV power(Wp)

310

Max. open circuit voltage(Voc)60 V

Max. input current(Isc) 12 ARated output power configurable

MPPT efficiency 99%

MOORING SYSTEM An important sub-system. The wind and other natural and man-made factors might cause

a drift or change in the position of our system.

Decrease in system efficiency due to change in orientation Also result in physical damage to our system.

Coastal region, Pondicherry is also vulnerable to the cyclonic winds from the Bay of Bengal side like cyclone.

Thane in 2011 and the recent depression formed causing high speed wind and heavy downpour in 2015.

A high tensile strength material is to be devised so that it can fix the position of our system.

Also be able to make adjustment during the variation in water level in the water body.

MATERIALS FOR MOORING SYSTEM

Young's modulus

(GPa)

Density(kg/m3) Strength

(MPa)

Cotton 7.9 1,540 225Hemp 32 1,490 300Bulk Polyester 2.9 1,300 50

Bulk Nylon 2.5 1,090 63Carbon Fibre 300 1,770 3,430

Aramid Fibre 124 1,450 3,930

Polyester Fibre 13.2 1,390 784

Nylon Fibre 3.9 1,140 616Alloy Steel 210 7,800 1,330

SHADOW ANALYSIS AND ARRAY SPACING Shadow analysis: The proposed site for our floating solar PV power plant is the southernmost water body in the proposed smart city map.

According to the Town Planning department:

The proposed map shows low rise settlements on the south-western side of the site.

It might merely cast a noon shadow on our system.

MAP OF THE PROPOSED SMART CITY

(source: Presentation on Draft Smart City Proposal - Oulgaret. (2015).)

Array spacing done using the 3D modeling software SketchUp Pro 2015 along with array-o-matic_v1.11 component plugin.

The floating structure consists 3 hexagonal structure with each side of 69m.

Total area of the floating structure is 37410m².

The total active area is 13416m².

An area of 2065m² on each of the 3 structures

PLACEMENT SPACINGRows 0.95m

Columns 2.83m

LAYOUT OF THE FSPV SYSTEM

FRONT VIEW OF THE FSPV SYSTEM

SIDE VIEW OF THE FSPV SYSTEM

ESTIMATION OF ANNUAL YIELD OF THE FSPV A total of 6708 panels with 300Wp each makes

the system to be of 2MW. Parameters considered for calculation:

NOCT Annual degradation Soiling loss Inverter loss

Life expectancy is 25 years Formulae:

A

Annual yield for the plant.

year 1 year 5 year 10 year 15 year 20 year 252400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

Annual energy yield(MWh)

annual energy yield(MWh)

E-RICKSHAW & THE CHARGING FACILITY The specification of e-rickshaw Can be used for commuting over a short distance of

5-10 km. Depth of discharge of the battery is 70% The battery requires about 8.82 kWh (units) for

complete charging.Frame Material SteelMotor Power 800WMotor Type Brushless

Transmission mode DifferentialDrive Type Rear Wheel Drive

Top Speed (km/h) 25 km/hr.Wheelbase 2100 mm (from rear to front fork)

Climbing Capacity Up to 20°Ground Clearance 300 mm

Dimension 2650 x 970 x 1800mmBattery Type Lead-Acid (Dry / Water)

Battery capacity 48V/90AhContinued trip mileage Approx. 70 Km on full battery

charge

Charging facility specification:

15A DC charging facility with 48V output.

20 charging points for 20 e-rickshaws to be installed.

Installation to be done at the parking lot.

The parking lot should be able to accommodate 20 e-rickshaws.

An area of 4.8m² is required to accommodate each e-rickshaw.

The total area for the parking lot will be 96m².

The layout of the parking lot and a photograph of e-rickshaw in use is given in the next slide.

Circuit diagram of the EV charging station

The total energy requirement of the e-transport facility will be 176.3 units/day.

It amounts to 2.2% of energy produced by the FSPV plant per day.

The charging time varies from 6-7 hours to completely charge the e-rickshaw at C/6 rate.

COST ESTIMATION & PAYBACK As per the literature available, the cost of the FSPV

system is around 1.2 times greater than the conventional system.

The cost of our floating solar PV system can be estimated around ₹ 33.5 crore.

S.NO PARTICULARS UNIT QTY.(MWp)

TOTAL(Rs. Crore)

1 SYSTEM HARDWARE 110/Wp 2 22

2 TRANSPORT AND INSURANCE 2% 2 0.44

3 CIVIL AND ELEC. WORK 8% 2 1.76

4 INSTALLATION AND COMM. 8% 2 1.76

5ANNUAL

MAINTAINANCE FOR 5 YEARS

8% 2 1.76

6 CONTINGENCIES 1% 2 0.22TOTAL PROJECT

COST   2 27.94

COST OF THE FSPV PROJECT

1.2*TOTAL

PROJECT COST

33.528

According to the current tariff of ₹ 7 per kWh, our FSPV system will have a payback period of almost 18 years.

79%

2%6%

6%6%1%

COST DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM HARDWARETRANSPORT AND IN-SURANCECIVIL AND ELEC. WORKINSTALLATION AND COMM.ANNUAL MAINTAINANCE FOR 5 YEARSCONTINGENCIES

As per the market research, per e-rickshaw will cost around ₹ 90 K.

So, a total of ₹ 20 lakhs will be required as the investment(CAPEX) for 20 e-rickshaws and its charging facility.

Electricity consumption cost per e-rickshaw is ₹ 61.7

Maintenance cost is approximated to ne ₹ 5k

So, OPEX will be ₹ 78.3 per day

Total earning per day per vehicle is ₹ 750

Profit earned by the 20 e-rickshaw transport system per day will be ₹ 13.4K

CONCLUSION The implementation can be done in different phases as the

capital cost is high.

High average solar irradiation of 5.145kWh/m²/day makes it a suitable location for the installation of solar photovoltaic system.

Its 7-10 percent more efficient than its land based counterpart.

A 3D modeling software SketchUp Pro 2015 along with array-o-matic_v1.11 component plugin was used for designing the layout and shadow analysis.

The complete proposal will be able to reduce 7.4K tonnes of CO₂ from the smart city.

Total cost of the project is ₹ 33.7 crore with payback of 15 years.

Presently, Pondicherry is on 75th rank in the race of smart cities proposal.

Coimbatore attained 13th position with its innovative planning of implementing solar PV over the canals.

So, our proposal of FSPV along with e-transport facility might be very helpful for the city to achieve a higher position through the special fast track initiative provided by the Government of India, under the smart city initiative.

FSPV EXPERTS AROUND THE WORLD Ciel & Terre - http://www.ciel-et-terre.net/

Kyocera communications systems Co., Ltd. - http://global.kyocera.com/prdct/solar/

Sunengy Pty Ltd - http://sunengy.com/

Vikram solar Pvt. Ltd. - http://www.vikramsolar.com/

Polienergie s.r.l - www.polienergie.com

THANK YOU!

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floating solar PV system

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for development of floating photovoltaic system

International journal of electrical, computer, energetic, electronics and communication

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Young-Kwan ChoiA study on generation analysis of floating

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Design and installation of floating type photovoltaic energy generation system

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Design parameters of 10KW floating solar power plant

International advanced research journal in science, engineering and technology 2015

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Empirical research on the efficiency of floating PV systems compared with

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Soler

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Ferrer Gisbert

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E-TRANSPORT FACILITYe-transportation

Author(s) Topic Journal Year

Hsu-Che Wu & She-I Chang

Exploration of a mobile service business model for electric vehicle charging stations

Journal of industrial and production engineering 2013

David B. RichardsonElectric vehicles and electric grid: A review

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Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, Elsevier 2013

Siang Fui Tie, Chee Wei Tan

A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles

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Whitney G. Colella Market prospects, design features, and performance of a fuel cell-powered scooter Journal of power sources, Elsevier 2000

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W.K.Yap and V.Karri Modeling and simulation of a hybrid scooterInternational journal of mechanical,

aerospace, industrial, mechatronics and manufacturing engineering

2008

Jayakrishnan R. Pillai et al.

Integration of solar photovoltaics and electric vehicles in residential grids IEEE 2013

Shashank Singh A study of the battery operated e-rickshaws in the state of Delhi Researching reality summer internship, Centre for

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Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of

road transport & highways

Proposed Deendayal E-Rickshaws scheme 17-Jun-14