TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 2

A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 2

B. Statement of the Problem......................................................... 5

C. Purpose of the Study ................................................................ 5

D. Significance of the Study .......................................................... 5

E. Scope and Limitation of the Study........................................... 6

F. Definition of Key Terms .......................................................... 6

CHAPTER II THEOROTICAL FRAMEWORKS........................... 7

A. Language ................................................................................... 7

B. Definition of Written Production............................................. 9

C. Definition of Psycholinguistics................................................. 11

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD............................................. 13

A. Method ....................................................................................... 13

1. Source of data ..................................................................... 14

2. Data collecting techniques.................................................. 14

3. Data analysis ....................................................................... 15

4. Verivication ......................................................................... 17

Bibliography.......................................................................................... 18

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Chapter I is attempted to serve the introduction of research which consist

of : Background of study, Statement of the problems, Purpose of the study,

Significances of the study, Scope and limitation of the study, and Definition of

Key Terms

A. Background of the Study

English is the international language , it is a means of communication

other than English. Britain has an important position in every aspect of life,

not only in education but also in business , social , tourism , etc. The

importance of English can be seen form the other side . For example in the

world of English education is very important to use . Now in the world of

education often use the English language , such as exam sample questions

math now also many schools that use English . So it is very important english

once taught in education . one day after school when we also need to be an

entrepreneur can speak English to communicate with foreigners or overseas.

as well as many competitions now writing using the English language . write

it also requires creativity and talent of its own not just anyone can write well.

Here we are we will be discussing the production of writing it . Writing

has the following meaning a person's activities in expressing ideas, ideas or

thoughts through writing . The ideas can be opinions, knowledge , experience

,desire , or any feeling person . Writing not only express ideas through written

language through the medium of written language only but mix these posts so

that readers can understand. other than that writing is a very practical tool to

convey our message to many people . In other words , we can say that just by

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using written language , one can communicate their ideas with many people

and inform them about the same things at the same time.

Writing skills is one of the language skills that should be mastered

students. Many experts have expressed understanding of writing. One of

them, in the opinion of Lannon (1989 : 9) views writing as “the process of

transforming the material discovered by research inspiration, accident, trial or

error, or whatever into a message with a definite meaning- writing is a

process of deliberate decision” . It means that writing must convey a message

with a meaning.

Based on the above description can be concluded that writing is a skill a

person in the activities of their ideas, mind, and experiences and feelings in

written form that are organized in a systematic way so as to be understood by

others.

Currently writing is very important to use for everyone, by writing we can

make various kinds of work, like we can make poetry, we could make a good

book and by using appropriate language properly, so it also requires writing

the language. Language is a medium of communication, a sound symbol

system resulting from human speech.

According to David Francis and Stephen Hester (2004:8), Language is

fundamental to everything that is done in social life: as members of society

we live our social lives by talking to and with others. Based on the opinion

can make a conclusion language is not only composed of one variable, but

more. Language is a tool that is used to from the mind and feelings, desires,

and actions, a tool used to influence and be influenced in every human

thought in social life.

Then in the language that there must be a process of how language is

acquired and how to use the language, this is called the psycholinguistic

study. According to Hiroko Yamashita Yuki Hirose Jerome L. Packard

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(2011 : 299 ) Psycholinguistics is able to explore. They provide, most

obviously, the opportunity to investigate the specific contributions of heads in

syntactic processing: do heads deliver more information than modifiers and

complements do; are they the engine that drives phrasal integration; and so

forth. Based in the opinion studied the relationship between language and

behavior of human reason mengeksplornya how well the car properly and

clearly. Through a combined approach of psychology and linguistics for the

study of language knowledge, language use, language change.

In linguistics is divided into three , namely language comprehension ,

language production , and language acquisition . Here I will explain and

discuss the language production . Language production is divided into two ,

namely spoken and written , here I'll identifies about witten. Language

Production is  construct the meaning of the message is generated Making the

general structure of the sentence then Choose words and shape after that

Insert messages and talk . Written production is the creation or demonstration

of knowledge in a written format.Students with written production problems

have processing deficits that impact their ability to write. For these students

the need to focus on the writing process itself (e.g. idea production, word

choice, organization) may limit their ability to demonstrate their knowledge

through writing. Students with written production problems often struggle

with spelling and the production of coherent sentences which influence how

others perceive their written work. Slow written production may also be an

issue for these students.

Based on the reason above, the writer takes the title for this study is

“Methode Production Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1

Maospati : A Psycolinguitic Study”

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B. Statement of the problem

The main concern of the study is :

1. What are kinds of method of writing Total Sampling of 7ᵗʱ grade

Students of SMP N 1 MAOSPATI ?

2. How is the production writing in the writing strategies on grade students

at SMP N 1 Maospati?

C. Purpose of the study

This study aims to:

1. To determine the writing skills of the student in Method of Production

Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1 Maospati : A

Psycolinguitic Study”.

2. To know the advantages and disadventages of Methode Production

Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1 Maospati : A

Psycolinguitic Study”.

D. Significance of the Study

1. Theoretical Benefits :

The results of this study can be used as:

a. Study materials in improving the quality of processes and results of

learning to written production.

2. Practical Benefits :

1. For Students

a. Provide ease for students in their ideas.

2. The English Teacher

The result of this study will help the english teachers to

solve the problem in learning english especially in teaching writing

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and give some suitable media or techniques to make the students

enjoy and easy in writing english.

3. The Writer

By doing this research, the writer can enlarge the

knowledge about teaching writing.

E. Scope and limitation of the study

This study limits its scope of research on various fields of

psycholinguistics, especially about writing production. The author chose

Method of Production Written By 7ᵗʱ A Grades Students At Smp N 1

Maospati : A Psycolinguitic Study

F. Definition of Key Terms

According to Pour Ho Chi Minh 2005 : 4) Psycholinguistics is

the study of how individuals use (comprehend – produce) and acquire

language. Psycholinguistics is part of the field of cognitive sciences.

Cognitive sciences reflect the insights of psychology and linguistics, but

also of other fields as artificial intelligence, neuroscience

(neuropsychology), and philosophy. Psycholinguistics stresses the

knowledge of language and the cognitive processes (or psychological

mechanisms) involved in ordinary language use. Psycholinguistics is also

interested in the social rules involved in language use (// with

sociolinguistics) and the brain mechanisms associated with language (//

neurolinguistics).

Written Production Written production is the creation or

demonstration of knowledge in a written format. Students with written

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production problems have processing deficits that impact their ability to

write.

To learn and practice writing students better understand how car

menukis properly. Therefore the researcher wants to examine students of

SMP Negeri 1 Maospati, whether they've been able to make the sentence

correctly or not. To the researchers wanted to examine directly.

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CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKS

Theoretical framework in this chapter is served in order to present theories

related to the problem in the previous chapter. The focus of theoretical

framework can make the problem clear. This chapter explains about language,

writing, written production and psycholinguistic.

A. Language

1. The Notion of Language

Language is very useful device in society, because language is used to

show intention, bargain, and offer something. According to David Francis

and Stephen Hester (2004:8), Language is fundamental to everything that is

done in social life: as members of society we live our social lives by talking

to and with others. Based on the opinion can make a conclusion language is

not only composed of one variable, but more. Language is a tool that is used

to from the mind and feelings, desires, and actions, a tool used to influence

and be influenced in every human thought in social life.

Language is an important tool for the order to each person for social

relationships to others. English is an international language which is very

important to use as a communication tool. Which means that communication

is the delivery of a message from the speaker to the receiver. Communication

was through the many languages in accordance with their respective contexts.

2. Function of language

The next theory that supports this research will be the definition of the

function of language because this study is about the use of language and the

logo should also know what the function of language. According to Ellyn

Lucas Arwood (2011 : 150 ) language function is the underlying development

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of the basic semantic relationships between or among a person or agent doing

something, an action, and with an object or objects.

Based on the opinion Language as an indispensable communication tool

and a communication tool most complete and effective to convey ideas,

feelings, messages, intentions, and opinions to others also English

communication tools that we use everyday separately convey information to

one another, and also to the social relationships between people.

B. Definition of Writing Production

Written production is the creation or demonstration of knowledge in a

written format. Students with written production problems have processing

deficits that impact their ability to write. For these students the need to focus on

the writing process itself (e.g. idea production, word choice, organization) may

limit their ability to demonstrate their knowledge through writing. Students with

written production problems often struggle with spelling and the production of

coherent sentences which influence how others perceive their written work.

Slow written production may also be an issue for these students.

Many of the steps in the production of written language are similar to

those in the production of spoken language. A major difference is that, once a

lemma and its morphological representation have been accessed, it is the

orthographic rather than the phonological form that must be retrieved and

produced. Phonology plays an important role in this process, just as it does in the

process of deriving meaning from print in reading. Support for this view comes

from a study in which speakers of French were shown drawings of such objects

as a seal (phoque) and a pipe (pipe) and were asked to write their names as

quickly as they could (Bonin, Peereman, & Fayol, in press). The time needed to

initiate writing was longer for items such as phoque, for which the initial

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phoneme has an unusual spelling (/f/ is usually spelled as f in French), than for

items such as pipe, for which the initial phoneme is spelled in the typical

manner. Thus, even when a to-be-spelled word is not presented orally, its

phonological form appears to be involved in the selection of the spelling.

Writing is a skill that language is used to communicate indirectly, not face

to face with another person. Writing is an activity that is productive and

expressive. In the course of writing, the author had to skillfully utilize

graphology, grammar, and vocabulary. According to Lannon (1989 : 9) views

writing as “the process of transforming the material discovered by research

inspiration, accident, trial or error, or whatever into a message with a definite

meaning- writing is a process of deliberate decision” . It means that writing must

convey a message with a meaning.

In other opinion according to Widdowson (2001: 62) stated that "writing is

the use of visual medium to manifest the graphological and grammatical system

of the language. That is to say, writing in one sense is the production of

sentences as instances of usages. Thus, students must master the graphic system

of language, its grammatical structure, and select the appropriate vocabulary

(mechanisms of writing) related to the subject matter. However, they fail to do

so for writing is the most difficult and complex skill, and also because it is an act

of discovery. Another definition was given by Crystal (1999 : 214) who stated

that “writing is not a merely mechanical task, a simple matter of putting speech

down on paper. It is an exploration in the use of the graphic potential of a

language -a creative process- an act of discovery”. Writing is a form of

expression and communication which enables learners to communicate ideas,

feelings, and different attitudes in a written mode. Writing can be an individual,

a personnel, and social endeavor. As it is reported by Miller (2001, as cited in

Richards & Renanya,2003 : 25) “even though the writing production is an

expression of one’s individuality and personality, it is important to remember

that writing is also a social endeavor, a way of communicating with people”.

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Based on the above description can be concluded that writing is a skill a

person in the activities of their ideas, mind, and experiences and feelings in

written form that are organized in a systematic way so as to be understood by

others.

C. Definition of psycolinguistic

According to Eva M. Fernández and Helen Smith Cairns (2010 : 1)

Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study in which the goals are to

understand how people acquire language, how people use language to speak and

understand one another, and how language is represented and processed in the

brain. Psycholinguistics is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and

linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive

psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science.

In other opinion according to Pour Ho Chi Minh 2005 : 4)

Psycholinguistics is the study of how individuals use (comprehend – produce)

and acquire language. Psycholinguistics is part of the field of cognitive sciences.

Cognitive sciences reflect the insights of psychology and linguistics, but also of

other fields as artificial intelligence, neuroscience (neuropsychology), and

philosophy. Psycholinguistics stresses the knowledge of language and the

cognitive processes (or psychological mechanisms) involved in ordinary

language use. Psycholinguistics is also interested in the social rules involved in

language use (with sociolinguistics) and the brain mechanisms associated with

language (neurolinguistics). Based on the theory we can conclud

Psycholinguistics is the study of language behavior, good behavior looks and

behavior appear: reception, perception, language acquisition, and produce

language and the processes that occur within it. Psycholinguistics role in

language learning is very important for a teacher to understand the

psycholinguistic understand the processes that occur in students when the

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students listening, speaking, reading, or writing so that when the ability of the

problematic language skills, teachers can see from the point of view of

psychology as an alternative solution.

Of the theory can be concluded that the written production can be called

with creations, so students can bring creative ideas they make through writing.

They can remove all that is in the mind through writing.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

In the third chapter of this research, the writer discusses about research

method related to the research problems. Research is a way to find the problems,

create hypotheses, collect the data, and take the conclusion of implementation in

the future. Determining the research method is the important thing in doing

research. According to Getu Degu and Tegbar Yigzaw (2006 : 10) Research is a

scientific inquiry aimed at learning new facts, testing ideas, etc. It is the

systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data to generate new

knowledge and answer a certain question or solve a problem.

from those statements , it can be concluded that the study is a scientific

activity to ask anything and get an answer from the problem to find out the results

of a study we want to know in a discovery .

In a research methodology consists of the method and the steps to perform

a study . It is very important for researchers as to obtain the data and to analyze

the validity of data in the research process . In the third chapter of this research,

the writer discusses about research method related to the research problems.

Research is a way to find the problems, create hypotheses, collect the data, and

take the conclusion of implementation in the future.

A. Method

The research is also needed is a method and procedure method or means

adopted to achieve a particular goal. Then there is another term that is closely

related to these two terms, namely which way the specific techniques in

solving specific problems found in performing the procedure. According to

Richard W. Robinsn R. Chris Fraley Robert F. Krueger ( 2007 : 458) Method

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is useful for the purposes of simplifying one’s variable set and of

understanding the common nature of the variables that jointly define a given

factor. So the method is needed in research.

The researcher will use qulititative research to analyze data.

1. Source of Data

As the nature of research, it needs the data to be analyzed as objects of the

research. According to According to Stringer (2004: 4) source of data is

identifying stake holding groups, sites and settings, statistical records, and

other sources of documentary information providing input to the study. It

means that the information source of data is got from groups, sites and

settings, statistical records and other information to provide to the research.

The source of data in this research, the participants of this research is the

students On 7ᵗʱ A Class of SMP N 1 MAOSPATI. Participant is person who

become the subject of the research. The participant in this study is the

students of Seventh A Grade of SMP Negeri 1 maospati.

2. Data colection technique

According to Matina Morris (2004 : 62 ) Data collection is the question of

how many partnerships to collect information on.

In the reseach, the reseacher will be collect the data the first observation,

interview and the last document.

Observation

The researcher will do the observation on how condition of the class 7 A at

SMP N 1 MAOSPATI.

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Interview

The researcher will Interview the teacher and students about production

written Strategies Students Of SMP N 1 MAOSPATI. The researchers

provide descriptive text assigmnent on students of SMP N 1 Maospati

especially class 7A. Researchers conduct research directly to the students

of class 7 A SMP N 1 Maospati. This study was conducted to answer the

question of how students' writing skills in the classroom and to find

strengths and weaknesses in teaching students to write.

Document

The writer gets some data of the students, such as : writing achievement,

text book, English lesson plan, student’s answer sheet or exercises and

some document which used in teaching learning writing in SMP Negeri 1

Maospati.

3. Data Analysis

According to Miles and Hubarman (1994:24),” Analysis as

consisting of three current flows of activity : data reduction, data display and

conclusion drawing or verification.” It means that in analyzing data, there are

three activities such as data reduction, data display and conclusion.

Data Reduction

The first step of analysis , researchers conducted several activities ,

first , the researchers provide the code for all of the data collected is called

coding . Then , according to Miles and Hubarman ( 1994:24 ) , " data

reduction refers to the process of selecting , focusing , simplifying ,

abstracting , and transforming the data appear in written-up field notes or

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transcription . " This means that the data reduction process , all the data

that have been collected it will be chosen , selected , sort and finally the

conclusion . It deals with activities to provide the code on any data

collected in order to make different shapes with each other . After coding ,

the researchers disaggregated data to classify into smaller groups as

samples . Here, the researchers reduced the unused data to find the quality

of data to be shown in the data display .

Qualitative data needs to be reduced and modified to make them more

accessible, understandable, and draw out various themes and patterns. In

other words, eliminating unnecessary data and focus on relevant data for

research.

Data Display

The second step of data analysis is displaying the data. according

to Miles and Hubarman ( 1994: 25 ) ,Generically a display is an organized,

compressed assembly of information that permits conclusing drawing and

action. The next step of data analysis show the data . During this activity

the researchers will analyze the data using content analysis techniques are

used as parameters of the theory . The first and second of the research

questions using the theory of psycholinguistics . In addition , to answer the

third research question researchers determined pragmatics as a theory of

meaning for analyzing the data .

As a result , the researchers show the results of analysis in a

systematic form and the researchers display the data in order to check

whether the data are still relevant with the research or not.

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Drawing conclusion and verification

The third stream of analysis activity is Drawing conclusion and

verification. of the result of the data display in order to answer the research

problems. The verification is done in the analysis which the researcher

uses theories to analyze the data.

The researcher draws and does verification after finishing data reduction

and data display.

4. Verification

According to Wendy Olsen (2004 : 3) Triangulation is defined as the

mixing data or method so that diverse viewpoints or standpoints cast light upon

the topic. The mixing of data types, known as data triangulation, is thought to

help in validating to claims that might arise from an intial pilot study.

Based on the opinion Triangulation refers to the use of more than one

approach to the investigation of a research question in order to enhance

confidence in the ensuing findings. Since much social research is founded on

the use of a single research method and as such may suffer from limitations

associated with that method or from the specific application of it, triangulation

offers the prospect of enhanced confidence. Triangulation is one of the several

rationales for Multimethod Research. The term derives from surveying, where

it refers to the use of a series of triangles to map out an area.

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