Properties of Matter -- Describe or identify matter

Important terms:

Mass – amount of matter in an object;

always constant

Volume – amount of space an object

occupies

Matter – anything that takes up space and

has mass

Density – the mass of a substance divided

by its volume

Physical Properties

Can be observed and measured without

changing the identity of the substance

Physical property examples

Odor

Color

Hardness – how easily a substance scratches

Luster – how shiny a substance is

Ductility – ability to be drawn into thin wires

Malleability – ability to be beaten into thin sheets

Conductivity – ability to allow the flow of

electricity

Freezing/melting point

Boiling point

Mass

Volume

Length

Magnetism

Physical properties of matter

are categorized as either

Extensive or Intensive:

◦ Intensive - Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present. Color

Odor

Luster - How shiny a substance is.

Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets.

Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires.

Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity.

Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched.

Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure.

Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure).

Density - The mass of a substance divided by its volume (D = m/v)

◦ Extensive - Properties that do depend on

the amount of matter present.

Mass - A measurement of the amount of matter in

a object (grams).

Weight - A measurement of the gravitational force

of attraction of the earth acting on an object.

Volume - A measurement of the amount of space

a substance occupies.

Length

Chemical Properties

Ability to combine or change

◦ Examples:

Ability to burn

Ability to rust

Ability to react with acids

States of Matter

Property

GASES

LIQUIDS

SOLIDS

particles

constant,

random motion

limited

motion

fixed

expansion

infinite

very

limited

very limited

shape

indefinite

indefinite

definite

volume

indefinite

definite

definite

compressibili

ty

very

slightly

none

density

low

higher

highest

diffusion

rapid

slow

extremely

slow

Changes in Matter

Physical Change

Change in form, not composition

◦ Examples:

Grinding

Cutting

Dissolving

Melting, freezing, condensing, vaporizing

Example – sugar dissolving

Sugar molecules go into solution

Sugar & water retain individual structure

Sugar can be recovered by evaporating

water

Solid Liquid Gas

Melt Evaporate

Condense Freeze

PHASE CHANGES

Chemical Change

Change in composition (has new

properties)

◦ Examples:

Cooking

Browning of apples

Digesting food

Rusting

Clues of a Chemical Change

New color appears

Heat or light given off (gets hotter or

colder)

Odor change

Bubbles of gas are given off

Precipitate (ppt) – solid that separates

from solution

The change is difficult to reverse

Density

What is the density of a piece of wood

that has a mass of 25.0 grams and a

volume of 29.4 cm3?

◦ D = m/v

A piece of wood that measures 3.0 cm by

6.0 cm by 4.0 cm has a mass of 80.0

grams. What is the density of the wood?

I threw a plastic ball in the pool for my

dog to fetch. The mass of the ball was 125

grams. What must the volume be to have

a density of 0.500 g/mL?

An ice cube measuring 5.80 cm by 5.80

cm by 5.80 cm has a density of 0.917

g/mL. What is the mass?