PRONUNCIATION Word endings

-ED

• The sound that comes immediately before an -ed ending determines the way to pronounce the ending. • /d/• /ed/• /t/

CAN YOU MAKE THE RULES?

Cleaned

Named

Traveled

Learned

Robbed

Wanted

Started

Excited

Directed

Decided

Skipped

Sniffed

Tipped

Missed

Wished

Picked

/d//ed//t/

RULE 1

Rule 1: /d/ After all voiced consonants except /d/ and after all vowel sounds.

(b, v, g, r, l, n, m and all vowels). Do NOT add an extra syllable.

CleanedNamed

TraveledLearnedRobbed

RULE 2

Rule 2: /ed/ as a separate syllable after /d/ and /t/.

waitedwantedstartedexciteddirecteddecided

RULE 3

Rule 3: /t/ after all voiceless consonants. Do NOT add an extra syllable.

(p, f, t, k, s, sh, ch)

Skipped

Sniffed

Tipped

Missed

Wished

Picked

Crunched

PRACTICEAchievedEmphasizedPromotedConfirmedPurchasedExposedRippedShredded

WorriedRacedTestedExperiencedMotivatedDisappointedCommentedAcceptedSeparated

-S

• The sound that comes immediately before an -s ending determines the way to pronounce the ending.• /Iz/ • /s/ • /z/

CAN YOU MAKE THE RULES?

prices

quizzes

wishes

beaches

garages

oranges

steps

graphs

sits

makes

stereotypes

labs

observes

bags

occurs

examples

runs

/Iz/ /s/ /z/

RULE 1

Rule 1: /Iz/ when the noun or verb ends with the sound of s, z, sh, ch, zh, or j.

Note that this adds an extra syllable.prices

quizzes

wishes

beaches

garages

oranges

RULE 2

Rule 2: /s/ when the noun or verb ends in a voiceless consonant sound (p, f, t, k).

Do NOT add an extra syllable.

steps

graphs

sits

makes

stereotypes

RULE 3

Rule 3: /z/ when the verb or adjective ends in a voiced consonant sound (b, v, g, r, l, n, m and all vowels). Do NOT add an extra syllable.

labs

observes

bags

occurs

examples

runs

PRACTICEAchievesEmphasizesPromotesConfirmsPurchasesExposesRipsShreds

WorriesRacesTestsExperiencesMotivatesDisappointsCommentsAcceptsSeparates