Promoting viability of agricultural communities to protect...
Transcript of Promoting viability of agricultural communities to protect...
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Fundaţia ADEPT Transilvania
Madrid 29 September 2015
Promoting viability of agricultural communities to protect
a Natura 2000 landscape
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Târnava Mare:one of Romania’s largest
farmland Natura 2000 sites
→
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A lowland area of high biodiversity, 85.000ha farmed by 5.000 families in small-scale farming communities
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Tens of thousands of hectares of grassland and forest
habitats, and many HD/WBD Annex species
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Some of the most important wildflower-
rich lowland haymeadows in Europe …
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…. and areas of mosaic landscape with wildflower-rich haymeadows, trees and scrub offering
biodiversity connectivity and refuges
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…with associated wildlife of European
importance
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Resistance to flooding,
fires, climate change Low energy agriculture
Low energy villages Short supply chains
Pollination Carbon
sequestration Agro-
biodiversity
Biodiversity Clean air, clean
water Food quality
Food security Nature tourism
Why are these landscapes important?
Public Goods
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Who created these landscapes? Farm sizes in Romania
• 2.7 m holdings <1ha, 35% of UAA
• 900,000 holdings 1-5 ha, 15% UAA
• 150,000 holdings 5-10ha, 40% UAA
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Challenge: can traditional land management in
Romania offer a livelihood to small-scale farmers?
If so, much of this biodiversity will be indirectly
protected
E.g.: collapse of cow numbers (~25% in 5 years)
Each cow = 1ha of meadow habitat maintained
Up to 50% of hay meadows abandoned
The biodiversity of the area comes from
traditional land management.
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Transylvania present
• Scenarios: Joern Fischer et al., 2014. How
will this landscape look in 30 years’ time?
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Our land, their wealth
• Policy: pro-economy, low emphasis on environment
• Ability of locals to capitalise on opportunities: low
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Prosperity through growth
• Policy: pro-economy, low emphasis environment
• Ability of locals to capitalise on opportunities: high
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Missed opportunity
• Policy: pro-environment, low emphasis on
economy
• Ability of locals to capitalise on opportunities: low
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Balance brings beauty
• Policy: pro-environment, low emphasis economy
• Ability of locals to capitalise on opportunities: high
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• In 2005-6 we designed Romania’s first HNV grassland
agri-environment scheme.
• Scheme launched nationally in 2008. Participation of
Târnava Mare area farmers in the agri-environment
scheme was five times higher than regional average.
Local: 1,390 small farmers on 17,641 ha
National: 230,000 farmers on 1.1m ha
What has ADEPT done?
1. WORKING WITH MINISTRY
Developing CAP payments
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Simple schemes keeping farmers on the land Dark green or light green?
• These shepherds get €90 /ha basic grassland a-e payments
+ €58 ha non-mechanisation + €100/ha direct payments =
total €282 per ha per year
• They are not changing their behaviour. But without a-e
payments they would not continue.
Preventing change = Opportunity costs
Paying for change = income foregone + additional costs
Paying for farmers’ time = Transaction costs (20% – 30%)
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….. dark green or light green.
Now Natura 2000 related measures becoming more species-specific.
Beware exporting W. European approaches to E. Europe!
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Carrying out
conservation/restoration of
important grassland habitats
under EU LIFE+. Hundreds of
ha brought under FCS
2. Working with innovators
LIFE STIPA
Support of Martin
Brielmaier
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3. Working with farmers. Maintaining
haymeadows by improving the market for milk
↑ hygiene, ↑ prices for farmers
Milk Collection Points serving over 170 farmers, and over 700 cows, €40.000/year additional income
Biodiversity impact: Maintaining 1-2000 ha of grass by grazing/mowing in each village
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4. Consumers. Markets and diversification
Farmers markets
€150,000 / year
70 producers
Apps
SMS
Area branding
Mountain bike trails linking
producers and guest
houses
10-fold increase to
€110,000 income
10,000 visitors
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• Working with farmers to maintain management patterns –
Innovate – information, training, new machinery ideas
Use real benefits to create associations: critical mass for markets
Practical design of a-e measures – farmers are necessary!
• Practical experience on the ground strengthens policy advocacy
• Understand the CAP – boring but important!
Lessons learned
2014: 1st prize in EU for bringing
most benefits to communities in
a protected area
2012 and 2013: 1st prize in EU for
innovative communication with
farmers
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Multumesc pentru
atentie!
Fundatia ADEPT
Transilvania
www.fundatia-adept.org