Promoting pediatric exercise

Promoting Pediatric ExerciseMegan WilberKimberly HindsleyMichael Klein

Demographic data

Study and interventions will focus on the pediatric school population:Aged 5-17Races: White, black, and HispanicSocioeconomic: All levelsChildren aged 611 who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to approximately 18% in 2012 (Healthy People 2020, 2014).

https://www.google.com/search?q=state+of+michigan&biw=1708&bih=801&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=p-nvVJhUjofIBLKkgMgM&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg&dpr=0.8#imgdii=_&imgrc=gvX-W5yD-NgZ9M%253A%3BdhWrE19ybhbtYM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.officelist.com%252Fassets%252Fimages%252Fmap%252Fstate_michigan.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.officelist.com%252Foffice-space-for-rent%252Fus%252Fmichigan%3B457%3B315Demographic cont.This population has over recent years experienced a dramatic increase in overweight and obesity rates (Werner, Teufel, Holtgrave, & Brown, 2012).35% of children have at least 3 hours of screen time on school days (Werner, Teufel, Holtgrave, & Brown, 2012).Most children today do not engage in the recommended activity levels of 60 minutes, 5 times per week (Werner, Teufel, Holtgrave, & Brown, 2012).Increased screen time, inadequate community policies, and a lack of exercise opportunities, coupled with poor nutritional choices that are typical of the age group have become major factors in the increase of obesity rates in this population (Werner, Teufel, Holtgrave, & Brown, 2012).Approximately 70% of obese children have at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Centers for Disease Control, 2014).

Cultural DescriptorsThis population is assimilated into cultural norms and values quickly (Doucet, 2010). Culture is repeated and learned from peers and elders. As the adult population increases intake of calorie-dense foods and through the promotion of sedentary screen activities these have become staples in many childrens culture (Werner, Teufel, Holtgrave, & Brown, 2012).

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Risk FactorsSedentary lifestyles, consumption of calorie-dense foods, and long screen time put the child at risk for being overweight and obese (Werner, Teufel, Holtgrave, & Brown, 2012).Children that do not exercise have been found to have worse bone and joint health, cardiopulmonary health, muscular fitness, higher body fat percentages, and an increased risk of symptoms of depression than children that do engage in physical activity (Healthy People 2020, 2014). Children that are overweight or obese have an immediate risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, bone and joint issues, social and emotional imbalances, low self-esteem, sleep apnea, and other disorders (Centers for Disease Control, 2014).Individuals that are overweight or obese as children are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain kinds of cancer, osteoarthritis, and type II diabetes as an adult (Centers for Disease Control, 2014).

Environmental or community risk factors-Accessibility: Recreational facilities, sidewalks, bike lanes, shoulders on streets, connectivity to destinations.-Safety of Neighborhood: Bars and liquor stores, adult entertainment, crime rates, people acting hostile or fighting, stray dogs-Comfort: Service amenities, design of streets-Pleasurability: Attractive and comfort features, people visible(Taylor, Upchurch, Brosnan, Selwyn, Nguyen, Villagomex, Mininger, 2014)

-Community Socioeconomic Status and Education Levels

http://www.broward.org/ECountyLine/Pages/vol_36_no_3/mainStory2.htm

Health promotion theory Interventions are based on Penders Health Promotion Model in which care is targeted toward the following interventions:-Children are empowered to make healthy lifestyle choices including eating better and getting the recommended amount of physical activity

-Adults and children may modify their environment, and are motivated to do so (ultimately for health benefits of the children).

-Positive encouragement and help is provided by health care providers

PLAN TO ADDRESS HEALTH ISSUEUtilizing the health promotion model: health education will be provided that focuses on:Importance of healthPerceived control of healthDefinition of healthPerceived health statusPerceived self-efficacyPerceived barriersPerceived benefits(Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, 2015).

HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020Healthy People 2020 has identified the early and middle childhood population as a group requiring intervention for optimal health as this age range will influence the rest of the individuals life (2014). This is a critical point in a childs developments as during early childhood, the human brain grows to 90 percent of its adult size (Healthy People 2020, 2014).This age range is at risk for asthma, obesity, dental caries, child maltreatment, developmental and behavioral disorders (Healthy People 2020, 2014). Healthy People 2020 seeks to Increase the proportion of the Nations public and private schools that require daily physical education for all students (2014).

InterventionsInterventions are set primarily in the school setting and are based on data and recommendations from Healthy People 2020 and approach the population with the Health Promotion Theory. Our goal is to:- Provide an after school exercise program school year round-Time: 2 hours three times a week after school-Activities:-Fall: Outdoor activities such as running and field games-Winter: Indoor games such as swimming and basketball-Spring: Similar to fall activities as weather permits

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EvaluationWe will evaluate the success of interventions with questionnaires that askIf weight loss was achieved during the programHow often the individual used the programIf the individual changed thoughts or attitudes related to exercise and healthIf the individual exercises more frequently or for a longer duration after the intervention

Literature ReviewWerner, Teufel, Holtgrave, & Brown have acknowledged the issue of rising obesity rates in American children along with risk factors associated with obesity and contributors to obesity. The Active Generations program, which focuses on nutritional education and activity promotion, showed promising results in reducing obesity rates when evaluating pre- and post-interventional surveys (2012).Greening, Harrell, Low, & Fielder posed a similar school-based intervention that focused on family involvement, health education and empowerment, increased exercise and focus on healthier diet options. The results showed that the intervention group had an average 0.5% drop in body fat percentage, while the control group had a 0.5% increase in body fat percentage (2012).

Literature ReviewFiewse & the STRONG Kids team reviewed the efficacy of several childhood overweight and obesity interventions. The conclusion was Greater attention to the socio-ecological context of childhood obesity is warranted. Variation in child self-regulation, family structure, family routines, cultural traditions, and community resources may influence the likelihood that any given treatment will have an effect (2013). Additionally Fiewse & the STRONG Kids team recommends, breast feeding, responsive feeding practices during early childhood, reducing screen time to