Promoting Food Diversification in Asia Pacific 2012

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Presented atAPEC Symposium 2013 and Informal Senior Officials’ Meeting (ISOM) in Jakarta on 6-7 December 2012. [email protected]

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Purwiyatno Hariyadi

Director and Professor

Purwiyatno [email protected] [email protected]

Director and ProfessorSoutheast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, andDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyBogor Agricultural University

World Food Summit of 1996:

Food Security

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food

ypreferences for an active and healthy life.

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!"#$#%&'()*##+)+&,-".&*&/0%&#')&')0.&01!0/&*&/2)345678)9:33:7);448)<:=>7?3@

Purwiyatno Hariyadi

Director and Professor

Director and ProfessorSoutheast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, andDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyBogor Agricultural University

World Food Summit of 1996:

Food Security

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food

ypreferences for an active and healthy life.

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Stability/ sustainability of food availability,

Quantity SafetyQuality

Food availability

Food Security

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

accessibility and consumption

Intake sufficiency

Physical & economic accessibilityCompliance to preferencesCompliance to culture & religion

FoodAccessibility

Varietyavailability

Purwiyatno [email protected]

Intake sufficiencyQuality of household food processing, Quality of sanitation & hygiene

FoodUtilization

Food Security

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

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Food availability

Food Security

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Intake sufficiency

FoodAccessibility

Varietyavailability

FoodUtilization

Food Security

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

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Food SecuritySelected food security indicator in APEC economies (Johnson, R. Et al., 2010).

Selected APEC Economies

Population below $1/day,

Child malnutrition –children under age 5 underweight, %

China 16,8 10

Indonesia 7.5 27.3

Malaysia < 2 19

Mexico 9.9 7.5

Peru 18.1 7.1

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

The Philippines 15.5 31.8

Russia <2 5.5

Thailand <2 17.6

Vietnam <2 33.8

Food Security

Malnutrition may prevent the achievement of active and healthy life for individuals

Selected food security indicator in APEC economies (Johnson, R. Et al., 2010).

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

active and healthy life for individuals• Under nutrition• Over nutrition

• Obesity is alarming fact associated with poor food utilization aspect of food security.

• Obesity is on the increase in both

ydeveloped and developing economies.

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Food SecuritySelected food security indicator in APEC economies (Johnson, R. Et al., 2010).

Selected APEC Economies

Population below $1/day,

Child malnutrition –children under age 5 underweight, %

China 16,8 10

Indonesia 7.5 27.3

Malaysia < 2 19

Mexico 9.9 7.5

Peru 18.1 7.1

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

The Philippines 15.5 31.8

Russia <2 5.5

Thailand <2 17.6

Vietnam <2 33.8

Food Security

Malnutrition may prevent the achievement of active and healthy life for individuals

Selected food security indicator in APEC economies (Johnson, R. Et al., 2010).

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

active and healthy life for individuals• Under nutrition• Over nutrition

• Obesity is alarming fact associated with poor food utilization aspect of food security.

• Obesity is on the increase in both

ydeveloped and developing economies.

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Food Security: Role of Food Diversification?

Food availability

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Intake sufficiency

FoodAccessibility

Varietyavailability

FoodUtilization

Food diversification is important for food and

t iti l it

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

nutritional security :

• Ensuring dietary diversity and quality,

• Strengthening local food systems, and

M i t i i

• Maintaining environmental sustainability.

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Food availability

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Intake sufficiency

FoodAccessibility

Varietyavailability

FoodUtilization

Food diversification is important for food and

t iti l it

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

nutritional security :

• Ensuring dietary diversity and quality,

• Strengthening local food systems, and

M i t i i

• Maintaining environmental sustainability.

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Illustration – a rice-based food policy has resulted in many non-ideal conditions for food security in Indonesia

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Indonesia.

(i) Rice consumption is very high; 130-139 kg/capita/year

(ii) Dominant feature of consumers’ nutrient intake:

53 % of the total calorie needs and

• ~ 53 % of the total calorie needs and

• ~ 47 % of the protein needs

Food Groups Consumption Defiation(D)Reality Ideal*)

Cereals 325 9 275 + 40 9

Food Consumption Pattern in Indonesia (g/capita/day): Reality vs Ideal*)

Cereals(Rice, Corn, wheat)

325.9 275 + 40,9

Tubers and trunks(Cassava, Sweat potato, Potato, Sago)

40.0 100 - 60.0

Animal-based foods(Meat, Eggs, Milk, Fish)

95.9 160 - 54.1

Oil bearing fruits and seeds 6.0 10 - 4.0Fats/oils 22 8 20 + 2 8

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Fats/oils 22.8 20 2,8Nuts/legumes 22.7 35 - 12.3Sugar 22.2 30 - 7.8Fruits/Vegetables 197.3 250 - 52.7

*) Hardinsyah et al., (2012) **) Based on Ideal Dietary Pattern of FAO

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Illustration – a rice-based food policy has resulted in many non-ideal conditions for food security in Indonesia

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Indonesia.

(i) Rice consumption is very high; 130-139 kg/capita/year

(ii) Dominant feature of consumers’ nutrient intake:

53 % of the total calorie needs and

• ~ 53 % of the total calorie needs and

• ~ 47 % of the protein needs

Food Groups Consumption Defiation(D)Reality Ideal*)

Cereals 325 9 275 + 40 9

Food Consumption Pattern in Indonesia (g/capita/day): Reality vs Ideal*)

Cereals(Rice, Corn, wheat)

325.9 275 + 40,9

Tubers and trunks(Cassava, Sweat potato, Potato, Sago)

40.0 100 - 60.0

Animal-based foods(Meat, Eggs, Milk, Fish)

95.9 160 - 54.1

Oil bearing fruits and seeds 6.0 10 - 4.0Fats/oils 22 8 20 + 2 8

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Fats/oils 22.8 20 2,8Nuts/legumes 22.7 35 - 12.3Sugar 22.2 30 - 7.8Fruits/Vegetables 197.3 250 - 52.7

*) Hardinsyah et al., (2012) **) Based on Ideal Dietary Pattern of FAO

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Illustration – a rice-based food policy has resulted in many non-ideal conditions for food security in I d i ( t )

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Indonesia (cont.).

(iii) Rice issues is a political one trade of rice: very sensitive issue

(iv)Worst effect :

• Less development, less research i t t i t i b d f d

investment into non-rice-based foods.

• Less technology development

Food Security: Role of Food Diversification?Role of Food Industry

• Food diversification need active participation of food Industry.

• Food Industry has specific competences in

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

• Food Industry has specific competences in developing and operating food business to ensure better and more diversified food

• food availability, • food accessibility and • food utilization.

Better Food Security

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Illustration – a rice-based food policy has resulted in many non-ideal conditions for food security in I d i ( t )

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

Indonesia (cont.).

(iii) Rice issues is a political one trade of rice: very sensitive issue

(iv)Worst effect :

• Less development, less research i t t i t i b d f d

investment into non-rice-based foods.

• Less technology development

• Food diversification need active participation of food Industry.

• Food Industry has specific competences in

Active&

Healthylife of

Individual

• Food Industry has specific competences in developing and operating food business to ensure better and more diversified food

• food availability, • food accessibility and • food utilization.

Better Food Security

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Illustration Providing better value of foods

Better distribution?

Better distribution?Better logistics better safety?

~ IDR 1500/pack of 70 g

Better economic access?Better compliance to religion?

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~ IDR 1500/pack of 70 g

Better economic access?Better compliance to religion?

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• improved safety, • reduced losses,

Conclusions : 1. Food diversification by development of food industry has a big

potential in improving food security

reduced losses, • more diversified/more choices,

• more nutritious• better quality

• better distribution• better storage

• (potentially) more affordable

Promotion of Food Diversification Better Global Food Security

..................:may facilitate the economic development, promote and diversify international food

trade.

Conclusions : 2. With the emergence of international food trade,

strengthening global food security system is a shared responsibility.

........Meaning that ....

Mutual partnership among/between APEC economies to promote food diversification thru industrialization –leading to

industrialization leading to international trade- is essential in strengthening global food security.

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• improved safety, • reduced losses,

Conclusions : 1. Food diversification by development of food industry has a big

potential in improving food security

reduced losses, • more diversified/more choices,

• more nutritious• better quality

• better distribution• better storage

• (potentially) more affordable

Promotion of Food Diversification Better Global Food Security

..................:may facilitate the economic development, promote and diversify international food

trade.

........Meaning that ....

Mutual partnership among/between APEC economies to promote food diversification thru industrialization –leading to

industrialization leading to international trade- is essential in strengthening global food security.

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........Partnership in research to explore the uniqueness/ competitiveness/functionality of underutilized food resources

Partnership in *67A

pproduction/commercialization and trade development based on -currently- underutilized food resources

%C6DB)E4>

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........Partnership in research to explore the uniqueness/ competitiveness/functionality of underutilized food resources

Partnership in *67A

pproduction/commercialization and trade development based on -currently- underutilized food resources

%C6DB)E4>

Promoting Food Diversification in Asia Pacific 2012

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