PROLOGUE M DV. Vocabulary Observation: to use the senses to gather information Inference: to make a...
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PROLOGUE
M
D V
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Vocabulary Observation: to use the senses
to gather information Inference: to make a conclusion
based on observations, and previous knowledge
Instrument: a device used to help make observations
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Vocabulary Classification: to group items
with similar characteristics Length:distance between two
points Mass: amount of matter in the
object Time: the duration of an event Volume: the amount of space
that an object occupies
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Vocabulary Density:ratio of the mass of an
object to its volume Cyclic change: a change in the
environment that repeats itself with a reference to time and space
Prediction:an inference about the future
Dynamic Equilibrium: a balancing between two opposite forces
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Vocabulary Interface:a boundary between
regions with different properties Percent deviation: aka Percent
error, how much a measurement is from a standard
Rate of change: How much something changes over time
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A. Evidence and Facts
1. Observations: 1. The use of your Senses.
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A. Evidence and Facts
a. Your senses are: __________, _______, __________, _______, __________.
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A. Evidence and Facts
a. Your senses are:
TouchSmell
Sight
Hearing
Taste
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A. Evidence and Facts
b. Instruments help us to make
observations examples are:
Ruler, Scale , Timer.
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A. Evidence and Facts
2. Inferences are interpretation
or a conclusion based on
what can be Observed.
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A. Evidence and Facts
a. They may or may not be a FACT
b. Also known as a hypothesis
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A. Evidence and Facts
3. System of Classification
a. Based on properties Observed,
events or objects.
b. Group together similar objects to
make studying easier.
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B. Properties of Objects
1. Units of Measurementa. Contain a dimensional
quantity that describe them numerically
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B. Properties of Objects
1. Units of Measurement
a. Contain a dimensional quantity
that describe them
numerically
1. include: Time, Mass, Length.
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B. Properties of Objects
a. Mass:
Amount of matter (grams)
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B. Properties of Objects
b. Weight:
Pull of gravity on an object
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B. Properties of Objects
c. Length:
Distance between two points.
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B. Properties of Objectsd. Time:
Measurable period
1. Not definite: age, seconds, seasons, schedules, generation
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Dimensional quantities and Comparisons
a. Densityb. Pressurec. Volume
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Dimensional quantities and Comparisons
a. Density:
Measurement using massmass and volumevolume
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Density PyramidDensity Pyramid
D V
M
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Density of the Rubik’s Density of the Rubik’s CubeCube
What happens to the density of the Rubik’s cube when it’s broken
into smaller pieces?
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Density of the Rubik’s Density of the Rubik’s CubeCube
Has it’s massmass changed?NOHas it’s volumevolume changed?NOTherefore, has it’s densitydensity
changed?NO!
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Dimensional quantities and Comparisons
b. Pressure:
Force on an object compared to surface area.
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Dimensional quantities and Comparisons
c. Volume: Amount of space
occupiedExpressed in cm3 or
mlV = l x w x h
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ERROR
ALL MEASUREMENTS ARE NOTNOT EXACT!
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Graphing
Rules to succeed
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Axis
Each axis is labeled X or Y Y
X
The Y axis is vertical
The X axis is horizontal
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Axis
Each axis is labeled with a titleY
X
title
title
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Reading Graphs
Y
X
Age
Years
When reading a graph you say the X axis title first and the Y axis second
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Reading Graphs
When reading this you say..Y
X
As X goes up Y goes up
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Reading Graphs
Relationship typesY
X
This is called a direct relationship
Monkey see
Monkey do
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Reading Graphs
When reading this graph you say…Y
X
When X goes up Y goes down
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Reading Graphs
Relationship typesY
X
This pattern is called an inverse
or indirect relationship
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Reading Graphs
Relationship typesY
X
One goes up the other goes down “opposites”
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Reading Graphs
How do you read this graph?…Y
X
Mon
ey in
yo
ur p
ocke
t
Number of Stores you go into
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Reading Graphs
How do you read this graph?…Y
XGra
de in
cla
ss
Days of missed class
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Reading Graphs
How do you read this graph?…Y
X
Tim
e yo
u’re
gro
unde
d fo
r
Number of Times you mouth off to your parents
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Reading Graphs
How do you read this graph?…Y
X
Gra
de in
cla
ss
Time spent studying
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Graphs
A pattern that repeats is called a Cyclic pattern… it looks like this… Y
X
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Graphs
What types of things have a cyclic pattern?
Y
X
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Observation Inference Quiz
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1. I had coffee this morning. 2. I am wearing a black shirt. 3. Mr. White will be absent
Monday. 4. It is a D day. 5. Apples are my favorite
fruit.
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6. There is a lava lamp in this room.
7. Ms. Turose will wear a blue sweater on Tuesday.
8. It was cold out this morning. 9. Everyone ate breakfast 10. I have a twisty cheese stick
in my lunch bag.