Prokaryota
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Transcript of Prokaryota
Prokaryota
Core Concepts
Prokaryotes are classified into two domains/kingdoms: Bacteria and Archaea Presence of peptidogycan in bacteria Some archaea have pseudopeptidoglycan
Diverse cell wall, some made up of proteins called S layer
Bacteria are identified by their shapes, the chemical natures of their cell walls, the ways they move and the ways they obtain and use energy
Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission. Through the process of conjugation, genes can move from one cell to another, thus increasing genetic diversity within bacterial populations
Prokaryotes play a crucial role in the biosphere, such as taking part in nutrient cycles and in symbiotic relationships. Also, they have both harmful and beneficial impacts on humans
Keywords
Prokaryte bacteria archaeaPeptidoglycan coccus bacillusSpirillum Gram-negative Gram-positiveFlagellum autotroph heterotrophPhototroph chemotroph aerobeFacultative anaerobe obligate/strict
anaerobeBinary fission conjugation endospore
Some things to remember
Basis for split- presence/absence of peptidoglycan, genetic differences
Eubacteria and archaebacteria are misleading
Archaeans are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria
Use of domain scheme suggests that the split between bacteria and archaea are more ancient than the split between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
S layer and peptidoglycan
Archaea with an S layer
Representatives
Bacteria-cyanobacteria
Archaea- methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles
Identification of bacteria
Cell shape- coccus, bacillus, spirillum, strep/staph
Cell wall composition- gram-negative/positiveMotility- flagellaNutrition and metabolism-
Auto/hetero Photo/chemo Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative
Bilog, streyt, paikot-ikot, sama samang bilog
Positive o negative
Growth and reproduction
Binary fission- no new combination of genesConjugation- increases genetic diversityEndospore-formation- enebles survival in
harsh conditionsControl of bacterial growth
Sterilization vs disinfection refrigeration
Ecology of bacteria
Some bacteria take part in the recycling of elements
Some bacteria form symbiotic relationships with other organisms
Some bacteria are pathogensSome bacteria play important roles in
research and technology