PROJECTS THEMES SUGGESTIONS

2015

Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube: spot cooling device with no moving parts

The vortex tube, also known as the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube, is a mechanical device that separates a compressed gas into hot and cold streams. It has no moving parts. Vortex tubes have lower efficiency than traditional air conditioning equipment. They are commonly used for inexpensive spot cooling, when compressed air is available.

Ref #1 Ref #2

Pipeline start up of crude oil transport

• Oil produced from offshore production platforms can be transported to the mainland either by oil-tanker. When a tanker is chosen to transport the oil, it is necessary to accumulate oil in some form of storage tank such that the oil tanker is not continuously occupied during oil production, and is only needed once sufficient oil has been produced to fill the tanker.

Semi-Submersible

W.D. 1650m

FPSO

W.D. 1000m

Oil 16 API

f 12” - 20 km

Pipeline start up

• Initial time: the pipeline is full of oil at 4oC.

• One has to specify a pump to work with high pressure at low flow rates at the initial time.

• But at steady state the flow rate is high and the pressure is low!

May be OK for Steady State

...but not able to reach it

Pipeline start up

• Use CFD to study the pipeline start up and estimate: • The inlet pressure x time for a range of constant flow rates • The heat transfer rate for a range of constant flow rates

• Consider a fixed pressure at the inlet

• Determine the inlet volume flow rate with time • Determine how long it takes to get steady state

Flow in a diffuser for water turbine • The use of diffusers around of the horizontal-axis water turbines have

been widely studied, since the diffuser causes an improvement in the power coefficient of a turbine and are often called Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines (DAWT’s).

Ref (2)

Flow in a diffuser for a wind turbine • The use of diffusers around of the horizontal-axis wind turbines have

been widely studied, since the diffuser causes an improvement in the power coefficient of a turbine and are often called Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines (DAWT’s).

Ref (1)

Deslocamento de ar em túneis devido a passagem de trem.

• A passagem do trem em túneis causa um deslocamento de ar que pode causar um aumento de pressão e arrasto, desconforto para passageiros (trens alta velocidade) e constituir um dos principais mecanismos de renovação de ar em linhas metroviarias (subterrâneas).

• Este tema deverá ser abordado como uma continuação do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Leonardo e Marcelo (2º Sem 2013).

Flow Past Cylinders: Vortex Shedding

• Flow over cylindrical bodies shed periodic vortices which change the drag and lift forces. The fluid-cylinder interaction is relevant to mechanical design of structures (Tacoma mov) and mixing applied to chemical reactors, combustion and in heat transfer equipments.

Reference (1)

See also TG works of

Durante 2013 (2) and Panza

2013 (3)

See oscillating cylinder (2)

See elliptical cylinder (5)

See paired cylinders (6)

• Numerical prediction of the air-glicol solution for the FSAE heat exchange.

• Designed for high heat flux and low weight.

• See details in G2 1sem15

F SAE engine cooling heat exchanger

COAXIAL TURBULENT JETS • Turbulent coaxial jets are employed on several industrial processes

including combustion chambers, mixing tanks, cooling systems and premixed burners, for example.

• Project’s objective: compare the numerical results against the experimental jet velocity profiles.

Reference

ROUND JET IN CROSS FLOW • Are central to applications such as dilution holes in gas-turbine

combustors, fuel injectors and pollutant dispersion from smoke stacks

REFERENCES:

YASUHIRO KAMOTANI and ISAAC GREBER. "Experiments on a Turbulent Jet in a Cross Flow", AIAA

Journal, Vol. 10, No.11 (1972), pp. 1425-1429. doi: 10.2514/3.50386.

KELSO, R.M., LIM, T.T. and PERRY A.E. “An Experimental Study of Round Jets in Cross-Flow” , J. Fluid Mech.

306, Jan 1996, pp 111-144. doi: 10.1017/S0022112096001255 .

Flow Structure of Round Jet in Crossflow

Carneiro Hidráulico

• Veja link no globo rural: http://g1.globo.com/economia/agronegocios/noticia/2013/06/bomba-de-agua-de-facil-execucao-promete-ajudar-o-produtor-rural.html

• Referencias (1) e (2)

Pulsatile flow in pipes: Um(t) = Um(1+ γ cosωt)

• The pulsatile flows occurs in several applications, such as

compressors, I.C. engines, turbo-machineries, biological systems

(breathing and blood pumping) among others.

• The fully developed periodic pipe flow in which the flow rate is

forced to vary sinusoidally with time around a mean value may

change the steady state friction factor.

Strouhal number Str =ωD/Um,

Reynolds number Re =UmD/

ftrans = transient friction

fstat = steady state friction

Reference: Friction Factor Under

Transient Flow Condition, 2004

Friction factor in pulsatile pipe flow • Pulsating flows appear in various areas of engineering and natural

sciences. They not only play an important role in the operations of IC engines, pumps, nuclear power systems, etc., but are also of immense interest for better understanding of human breathing or blood flow through arteries and hence, have received considerable attention over the years.

Ref (1)

Ref (2)

Ref (3)

Flow over wavy walls

• Separating and attaching regions, friction factor and heat transfer coefficients.

• References: Stony & Vanka (1997); Rabel (2012)

VA

CU

UM

EJE

CTO

R

PU

MP

A steam ejector is a type of pump that uses the Venturi effect of a converging-

diverging nozzle to convert the pressure energy of a motive fluid to velocity energy

which creates a low pressure zone that draws in and entrains a suction fluid. After

passing through the throat of the injector, the mixed fluid expands and the velocity is

reduced which results in recompressing the mixed fluids by converting velocity

energy back into pressure energy. The motive fluid may be a liquid, steam or any

other gas. The entrained suction fluid may be a gas, a liquid, a slurry, or a dust-laden

gas stream. (from wikipedia)

WATCH YOU TUBE MOVIE

Reference (1)

Turbulent B.L. over an Elevation

• Fundamental problem applied to atmospheric phenomena and also to grain transport in form of dunes. (BFC + Turbulent Flow)

http://link.springer.com/article/10.

1007%2Fs40430-013-0024-z

Ref (1)

Ref (2)

Ref (2a)

Ref (2b)

Ref (3)

Ref (4)

Orifice Plates Flow Meter • Orifice plates are used as a flow meter for being simple and relatively

cheap. They are the first option for most industrial applications. Objective of the project is to determine de discharge coefficient using CFD.

Ref (1)

Ref (2)

Flow over a Backward-Facing Step • A numerical bench mark solution (in Griebel)

Ref (1)

Ref (2)

Couette Flow • Turbulence model test. Flow prediction in a channel where one wall is

smooth and the other is rough.

Ref (1)

Plate Heat Exchanger & Flow over wavy walls

• Compact heat exchanger composed by parallel plates with groved channels (hering bone) to enhance heat transfer. Applied to the food industry.

Pressure drop and heat transfer in a compact heat exch.

• friction factor and heat transfer coefficients.

• Reference: (1), (2)

FLAT PLATE SOLAR PANNEL

Acesse Thermopedia

• Este tema deverá ser abordado como uma continuação do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Ranyer, Mauro e Cassio (projeto 2º Sem 2013).

SOLAR CHYMNEY TO ENHANCE NATURAL VENTILATION

Veja artigo

Solar Chimney to energy production

• For thermal environmental comfort

• For energy generation

Referências: (1); (2); (3); (4); (5)

• Este tema deverá ser abordado como uma continuação do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Adriano e Felipe (projeto 1º Sem 2013).

Also of Interest

• Automotive: – flow in manifolds, (see (1))

– car aerodynamic,

– brake heating,

• Environmental: thermal comfort, pollution dispersion

• Hydrodynamic bearings

• Flow in ducts: – T branching flows 3D;

– L duct with guiding vanes (BFC);

– curved duct: friction and heat transfer (see (1))

1 Estudo da distribuição de ar numa sala (auditório do DE)

2 Estudo da distribuição de ar no interior de um veículo

3 Determinar o arrasto e sustentação num NACA 0012 – 2D, perfil SELIG 1223

4 Determinar o arrasto num automóvel, simulação 2D (caminhão, camionete, mini-baja, eco-car, formula SAE)

5 Deslocamento de ar em túneis devido ao deslocamento dos trens. Estudar o aumento no arrasto, o aumento de pressão.

6 Dispersão de gases, transiente.

7 Medição de vazão utilizando placas com orifícios.

8 Bocal de uma turbina hidráulica tipo Pelton.

9 Escoamento compressível sub-sonico e supersonico em um bocal convergente-divergente

1 Escoamento num tubo curvo 90.

1 Transferência de calor num feixe de tubos: escoamento cruzado em arranjo triangular – comparação com dados da literatura

1 Resfriamento de discos rotativos por jatos de ar – aplicação em freios automotivos

1 Transferência de calor num tubo aletado – comparação com dados da literatura.

1 Escoamento em bifurcações tipo T – branching flows

1 Sustentação e distribuição de ar num Hover-Craft.

1 Força num amortecedor hidráulico

1 Mancal hidrodinâmico incluindo dissipação térmica

1 Chaminé Solar para gerar energia: http://thefraserdomain.typepad.com/energy/2005/06/about_solar_tow.html

1 Escoamento induzido pela corrente de gás que impacta normalmente a uma parede (impinging jet) ( arquivo )

2 Escoamento transiente em um canal com superfície livre (tema geral aplicado a imundações de rios e quebra de barragens) método HOL.

2 Velocidade de deslocamento de uma bolha alongada dentro de uma tubulação preenchida com líquido, HOL.

2 Escoamento de óleo com resfriamento. Problema de relaminarização e pico de pressão. (veja arquivo)

THESE ARE PROJECTS’ THEMES ALREADY DONE BY PREVIOUS YEAR STUDENTS OR IN I.C. AND OR T.G.

THEMES NO LONGER AVAILIABLE

Wave Propagation in an Explosion • Fundamental study in compressible flow. Interesting to investigate

the wall interaction. Also in compressible flow there are the following topics: shock tube and axi-symmetric flow nozzle. (Stadke)

Thermal conduction in composite materials

COMMONLY USED POLYMER materials such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyamide are good electrical and thermal insulators. Recent applications of polymers as heat sinks in electronic packaging require new composites with relatively high thermal conductivity. Improved thermal conductivity in polymers may be achieved either by molecular orientation or by the addition of conductive fillers.

Supersonic Nozzle

The purpose of this project is to simulate the operation of a converging-diverging nozzle, perhaps the most important and basic piece of engineering hardware associated with propulsion and the high speed flow of gases. This device was invented by Carl de Laval toward the end of the l9th century and is thus often referred to as the 'de Laval' nozzle. This project explores the compressible aerodynamics assessing the flow through this type of nozzle at a range of conditions.

Shark-skin Drag Reduction (Turbulence)

• See review work of BRIAN DEAN AND BHARAT BHUSHAN • Also visit: http://www.csi.tu-

darmstadt.de/institute/dcc/forschung_7/skinfriction/index.en.jsp

Flow in the Wake of a Taylor Bubble • Study of slug flow has application in oil production. The flow in the

wake is still poorly understood. The knowledge on the wake flow allow the development of accurate pressure drop model. Objective: model the wake flow numerically.

Design of a flush film height sensor • Using a conduction heat transfer analog design a capacitive sensor

capable to measure liquid film height. The sensor consists of two parallel strips of metal flush to the wall.

Coney – conductance probe

Ceccio – conductance probe

Turbulent Jet Impinging • Turbulent jets impinging onto a rough surface are a simple and

effective means of promoting the heating or cooling of surfaces. In fact, the number of applications an impinging jet encounters in nature and technology is impressively high. The vertical take-off of aircrafts, the cooling of electronic instruments and the tempering and shaping of glass name only a few of numerous applications.

Drag Reduction in Cylinders • Flow control is a technique that can be used to improve the

efficiency of moving objects by changing the airflow over the boundary surface of the structure’s wall, or the free shear flow.

Reference (1) Watch mythbuster episode car drag reduction