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Projects, Planning and Prospects

City of MunichDepartment ofUrban Planning

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Work report –Projects, planning and prospects

Contents

Building blocks for the city’s future/Head of Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation, Prof. Dr.(I) Elisabeth Merk

Who we are

Strategies, concepts and programmes 01 Wohnen in München VI02 Perspektive München03 Long-term settlement development04 Long-term open space development05 Munich and the surrounding region06 Development programme for commercial spaces07 Guidelines on planning and construction in the historic centre08 Planning and building culture09 A city in touch with its people10 Smart Munich

Plans and projects for more housing11 Freiham12 Munich’s north-east13 The former Bayernkaserne site14 Paul-Gerhardt-Allee15 Prinz-Eugen-Park16 Domagkpark 17 Paulaner site18 Werksviertel19 Am Südpark 20 Kreativquartier

Infrastructure and public space21 Sendlinger Straße22 The new Munich Central Station23 Mittlerer Ring action programme 24 Transport concept for Munich’s north25 Kunstareal26 Town and river

Redevelopment27 Neuperlach and Moosach28 Neuaubing-Westkreuz29 Central retail area in Pasing30 District centre of Trudering31 Tegernseer Landstraße / Chiemgaustraße

Topics addressedWohnen für Alle // Socially-appropriate land use // Municipal housing associations // Community building // Preservation statutes // Conceptual rental housing // European work // Schul- und Kita-Bau 2020 action programme // Sustainable urban planning and climate conscious urban develop-ment // Construction supervision // Architectural conservation // Nature conservation

Imprint and image credits

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The new Munich Central Station, the settlement development in Munich’s north-east and the next steps for the Kunstareal – I am delighted to present to you this new edition of the work report, which provides an overview of selected projects and also enables me to introduce the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation’s diverse range of responsibilities. This natu-rally concerns home building, but also involves long-term prospects and strate-gic objectives regarding social infrastructure, mobility, public spaces and much more besides.

The central questions facing urban development to date have been: how can these developments be designed, and how would people like to live and work? Urban planners have the task of accompanying a city through its pro-cesses of change, as well as creating space for cultural encounters. The lively socio-political dialogue surrounding urban planning culture and the quality of urban construction and architectonic design in Munich underlines the extent to which residents identify with their city and their immediate living environment. Munich must remain a city with a high quality of life.

The core task of the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation is, and will continue to be, to provide a broad spectrum when creating housing – something we call the “Munich mix” – and thereby ensure that the city retains its socially-balanced population. At the same time, housing construction in Munich should contribute to the identity of the city’s districts, with innovative solutions and high-quality architecture.

Since 1989, almost 165,000 new homes have been built in Munich. In future, the city aims to build a further 8,500 new homes per year. This is an ambitious target, as space is increasingly at a premium in the city. The process of obtain-ing planning permission, obtaining construction approvals and then completing a project is certainly a long one. Yet the city is currently working with “Wohnen in München VI”, the most comprehensive communal residential programme in Germany. The ongoing policy action programme runs until the end of 2021, and will see € 870 million of city funds deployed to construct affordable and subsidised homes.

Potential sites for development, as generated by the Long-term settlement development project through its “densification”, “restructuring” and “urban

Head of Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation, Prof. Dr.(I) Elisabeth Merk

Building blocks for the city’s future

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fringe development” strategies, require the willing cooperation of numerous pro-tagonists. Growth does not end at the city limits, and so the Regional Alliance for Housing Construction and Infrastructure (Regionales Bündnis für Wohnungs-bau und Infrastruktur) was established to work together with towns and commu-nities in the region to make more land available for home building.

Various end uses are in competition for the remaining available land. More peo-ple also means greater infrastructure requirements. The school-building cam-paign alone needs space for at least 45 new schools by 2030. An increasing number of residents in Munich will also require sufficient open outdoor spaces. Should land be built on or left as open space? One strategy from the “Freiraum München 2030” concept is to “stack” open space over buildings, or to re-use spaces in an intelligent manner.

New mobility concepts are also a focus with regard to the future viability and sustainability of Munich and the European Metropolitan Region Munich (EMM). Effective collaboration as part of the EMM is crucial. The expansion of local pub-lic transport in the region and the increased efficacy of interfaces at Munich Cen-tral Station, the second Stammstrecke route and further tram and underground (U-Bahn) lines are essential developments if we are to shape individual mobil-ity and accessibility effectively despite the rising population in the city and the region.

Planning-related public relations and resident participation are essential require-ments of sustainable urban development. This is in part due to the growing demand for, and interest in, transparent information, communication and partici-pation.

At this point, I would like to thank everyone who contributes to our projects, as the City Council could not face the challenges of the coming years alone. Spe-cial thanks go to the residents of our city, who have supported these projects so thoughtfully, actively and discerningly. This is how it should be, of course – the city belongs to us all!

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Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation

Who we are

Introducing: the Department of Urban Planning and Building RegulationFrom studies of demographic change and urban land-use planning to construction approvals and nature and architectural conserva-tion, the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation oversees an enormous range of issues. Around 800 members of staff take care of a diverse range of different tasks.

The Urban Development Planning section develops prospects for the future of our city within the framework of the Perspektive München urban deve-lopment concept, as well as planning for potential future land use and trans-port developments in the city. Using analyses and forecasts, concepts and strategies, plans and action programmes, as well as conducting active public relations work, it works to maintain, secure and further enhance Munich’s standing both as a place to live and as a place to do business. Its objectives are to create a united urban community, future-ready settlement structures and a city-friendly approach to traffic, with reduced travel distances. Collabo-ration with nearby towns and communities, as well as neighbouring regions and actors from the fields of business, culture and social affairs, is also of vital importance.

The Urban Planning section continues a long-standing tradition spanning from the first city expansion in 1800 to the first urban architecture competition of 1892, Theodor Fischer’s guidelines and rules for the city (the Generallinien-planung and Staffelbauordnung), through to the present day. Using framework

Members of management in discussion

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plans as a basis, staff in this section ensure practical implementation of the stra-tegic urban development planning objectives. They safeguard organised archi-tectural development as part of construction and green space planning, ensure socially-appropriate use of land that serves the common good, provide a livea-ble environment and maintain the quality of the city, its nature and the surround-ing countryside.

As Bavaria’s largest awarding authority, the Urban Redevelopment and Hou-sing section promotes new construction and modernisation of affordable rental and freehold homes. It monitors and secures rents in social housing, over-sees the municipal housing associations GWG and Gewofag, and serves their tenants. Together with the Münchner Gesellschaft für Stadterneuerung – MGS, the Urban Redevelopment section ensures that problems relating to the city’s redevelopment areas are resolved, and secures the resulting structural improve-ments for the long term. The section’s work contributes significantly to the fact that Munich residents are supplied with homes they would be completely una-ble to obtain on the private housing market.

The Building Authority (Lokalbaukommission – LBK) is the largest building approval authority in Germany. With thousands of individual decisions and hours providing advice and consultancy, the Authority shares responsibility for the qual-ity of life of Munich’s residents and ensures that an orderly cityscape is main-tained, legal standards are observed and safety in the construction sector is ensured. The Lower Construction Regulatory Authority (Untere Bauaufsichtsbe-hörde), the Lower Nature Conservation Authority (Untere Naturschutzbehörde) and the Lower Monument Conservation Authority (Untere Denkmalschutzbe-hörde) are allocated to the Lokalbaukommission. It is therefore responsible for planning applications, planning approval processes, construction supervision, the conservation of nature and the countryside, trees and species, architectural con-servation, urban design and advertising facilities in Munich city areas. From 2012 to 2016, the Lokalbaukommission granted planning permission for over 41,000 residential units.

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Redevelopment

Strategies, concepts and programmesMunich is attractive and continues to grow. By 2030, if not sooner, more than 1.8 million people will call the city home. Managing this expansion is a major challenge for the entire urban society.

How do we ensure that living standards are maintained? How should we combat the shortage of affordable accommodation? How can we solve the struggle for land? How do we avoid social polarisation? The urban development strategies, concepts and pro-grammes described in the following pages are designed to pro-vide answers to these issues. The City Council will deploy € 870 million for affordable and subsidised homes by the year 2021 as part of the “Wohnen in München VI” policy action pro-gramme. In addition, it will make € 250 million available to munici-pal housing associations as parts of a special programme to pro-vide subsidised homes.

However, a growing population not only requires more homes, but also needs additional infrastructure and open spaces. Where there is long-term residential development, there must also be a corre-sponding development in open spaces. Furthermore, growth does not end at the city limits. It will only be possible to counter the challenges ahead of us through collaboration with towns and com-munities in the region, municipal housing associations, co-opera-tives, other actors in the sector – not to forget local residents.

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01 The city’s housing policy action programme

Wohnen in München VI

“Wohnen in München” is the most wide-ranging communal home-building fund-ing programme in Germany. In the sixth update to the programme, € 870 million of city funds will be deployed by 2021 to promote construction of subsidised and affordable housing. The current action programme came into force on 1 January 2017 and runs until the end of 2021.

The programme’s focus continues to be building new homes: instead of the previous figure of 3,500, from 2017 permission is to be given for 4,500 new homes per year. Combined with existing building consent, approximately 8,500 homes should be constructed per year, including 2,000 subsidised and afforda-ble homes.

Due to the exceptional situation in the housing market, the City Council will sup-port those seeking housing with income just above the threshold for state and communal support through “Konzeptioneller Mietwohnungsbau” (KMB), a con-ceptual rental housing plan. This measure, which was tested in a series of pilot projects, will be introduced with “Wohnen in München VI” on an ongoing basis, and should be more carefully tailored to specific target demographics in future. Commitments from developers and the lack of price competition means that land prices are reduced in the KMB scheme. In terms of awarding plots of city land, the concept tendering process is also set to be further developed as part of “Wohnen in München VI”.

With regard to building subsidised housing, the main focus is on rental housing for lower and middle income groups. Municipal programmes have been simpli-fied: in future, only the “Münchner Wohnungsbau” and the “München Modell” initiatives will be used. To ensure that 50 to 60 per cent of Munich households continue to be eligible, the income thresholds in the “München Modell” will also be raised. The aim is to maintain the so-called “Munich mix” into the future – which is to say, to provide a diverse and wide-ranging offer of housing for all income groups.

Ensuring an adequate supply of affordable housing is the central challenge facing the Munich urban development policy. For more than 25 years, the foundation of the City’s approach has been the “Wohnen in München” housing policy action programme.

The special “Wohnen für Alle” programme should also accelerate home-building: the municipal housing association Gewofag con-structed 100 homes on the car park for the Dantebad swimming pool in only six months.

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02 Perspektive München

Zukunftsschau 2040+: three scenarios for urban development

The “Zukunftsschau München 2040” concept grapples with future issues facing urban development in Munich. On behalf of the City of Munich, the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO in Stuttgart has developed three future scenarios which describe Munich in the year 2040, with three different focusses. Politicians and planners will come to grips with the results of these scenarios in discussions with the public in 2017.

Scenario 1 describes a city that is consistently guided by issues of ecologi-cal and social sustainability and therefore undertakes an active role in shaping social and health-promoting living environments. Scenario 2 describes a city in which social differences and poverty increase significantly as a result of an economy characterised by increasingly assertive free market forces and digital-isation. Scenario 3 describes a city of contradictions. In this scenario, well-inte-grated neighbourhoods reside alongside problematic districts and, in between them, numerous vibrant and diverse districts, sometimes with significant immigrant populations, which also provide spaces for individual design free-dom and creativity. None of these scenarios will prove entirely accurate. How-ever, they should help the City Council to react to developments in a timely and appropriate manner.

The Perspektive München urban development conceptThe basis of the scenario discussion is Perspektive München, a strategic urban development concept for the City of Munich, which serves as a framework to guide the future development of Bavaria’s state capital. At present, Perspek-tive München comprises a guiding principle, four strategic guidelines, 16 the-matic guidelines, some 60 pilot projects and ten fields of action.

Three development scenarios for Munich: 1. Munich – neatly regulated; 2. Munich – fiercely competitive; 3. Munich – charmingly disorganised.

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The “Stadt im Gleichgewicht” (City in Equilibrium) guiding principle concentrates the objectives and values of urban development in eight core statements. The fundamental aspects of the guiding principle are further substantiated in four strategic guidelines: “forward-looking and cooperative management”, “open and attractive atmosphere”, “supportive and committed city society” and “high-qual-ity and characteristic city spaces”.

These topics are then made more tangible in 16 thematic guidelines. They contain topic-specific target statements on almost all significant thematic areas in urban development, such as the economy, cityscapes, social affairs, mobility, education, health and ecology. In addition, a further thematic guideline called “digital transformation/smart city” is currently in development. The objec-tives formulated in the guidelines are underpinned and clearly illustrated by con-cepts, programmes and a whole range of measures and projects.

The ten urban development fields of actionIn the most recent update to the Perspektive München project, ten fields of action were defined. They are parts of the city which hold great potential for urban development, but also entail risks. As a result, integrated fields of action concepts need to be drawn up for these areas. These should specify the future urban development objectives for the respective areas, complemented by cor-responding strategies and measures. Work on the “Rund um den Ostbahn-hof – Ramersdorf – Giesing” field of action began as part of a pilot project. This involves a process of intensive exchange between administrative and political bodies, local actors and residents. Project activities includes walking tours of the district, thematic workshops and a large field of action forum. This pilot pro-ject is now set to be taken as a basis for the other fields of action. Building on the experiences to date, a policy resolution on implementation of this “fields of action” approach as a new instrument in urban planning should be adopted by the City Council in 2018.

One field of action is “Rund um Ostbahnhof – Ramersdorf – Giesing”. This part of the city is currently undergoing a significant transformation, with redevelopment of the industrial Werksviertel, improvements to parking facilities and the redesign of Ram-ersdorf town centre. The core strategies were presented in November 2016 with the help of a large-scale model.

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The construction of the GWG residential settlement on Haldenseestraße in Ram-ersdorf-Perlach is an example of qualified densification. The construction design competition in 2016 was won by Zillerplus Architekten und Stadtplaner with Lex Ker-fers Landschaftsarchitekten (the image shows a visualisation of a courtyard).

Densification, restructuring and development on the urban fringes are the three strategies of the LaSie project. The evaluation of related expert opin-ions shows that the qualified densification of residential settlements built in the 1950s to 1980s has significant potential to open up new living space in Munich. Naturally, social concerns and the quality of open spaces must be taken into consideration. A further component is the architectural development of Munich’s urban fringes, such as in Munich’s north-east. Coordination and collaboration with neighbouring communities is an important aspect of this. The restructuring of commercial planning permission into permission to build housing represents a key opportunity. The updates to this strategy include future development of areas where residential and commercial spaces co exist in harmony.

The process instigated by the LaSie project has made an impact: from 2013 to 2016, planning permission was awarded for some 15,800 housing units, while over 33,800 homes were approved. In addition, the LaSie project has contri-buted to a change in perspective. Analysis of the city’s markedly increasing population and a clear shortage of available development spaces has placed focus on tolerable building density and contributed to a shift in consciousness from all actors involved. The key details of many new construction projects have changed during the planning process – and considerably higher building densities have been recorded.

The dialogue surrounding long-term settlement development strategies will be continued at a congress in November 2017. The event foresees an exchange with international experts in the field.

With its “Langfristige Siedlungsentwicklung” (Long-term settlement development) project – abbreviated to LaSie – the City of Munich is seeking to find answers to a foreseeable shortage of living spaces. The concept has been examined by subject specialists – with positive results.

Long-term settlement development

Three strategies for new residential areas

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As part of the “Freiraumzeit” initiative, interested residents can explore the Isar river with a telescope.

The “Freiraum München 2030” study forms the basis for long-term develop-ment of open spaces in Munich. The conceptual study was conducted by the Berlin architectural office Becker Giseke Mohren Richard (BGMR) in collabora-tion with Friedrich von Borries from Berlin and Freiraumstudio from Munich – in close cooperation with the City of Munich and complemented by numerous spe-cialist workshops. The study is divided into three topics – “open space & decel-eration”, “open space & densification” and “open space & transformation” – and uses a very broad definition of open space. From parks to roof-top gardens, from streets to temporary cultural areas – everything can be an open space, whether green or not. It also shows how potential open spaces could be used in many ways and several times, such as by “stacking” such spaces on top of buildings. The objective of long-term open space development is to secure and further develop these open spaces and their qualities in the Munich city area. In doing so, challenges such as climate change and shifting lifestyles are also taken into account.

The new open space concept has been discussed in and with the public since early 2016 – starting at the annual exhibition of the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation, and since November 2016 as part of the “Freiraumzeit” initiative, which aims to make the objectives of the open space concept and the qualities of green spaces in Munich accessible to people and to the city. In doing so, emphasis has been placed on discovering and exploring dif-ferent places and topics – through walks around the areas, workshops, a trav-elling exhibition, temporary open space interventions and much more besides. Feedback and reaction from residents at these events is evaluated and inte-grated in proposals for the consideration of the City Council regarding key pro-jects to shape long-term open space development.

What role do open spaces play in a densely built-up city that con-tinues to grow? What can open spaces be or become – and for whom? The “Freiraum München 2030” conceptual study has been created to grapple with such issues.

Long-term open space development

The new open space concept for Munich is under consideration

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Left: Buses to Berlin. The delegation from the Munich Metropolitan Region before departure outside Munich Town Hall. Right: The topic of “Affordable Living” was the focus of the 2016 Regional Housing Con-struction Conference, held in Munich’s Old Town Hall. The most recent conference took place on 10 May 2017 in Ebersberg.

Collaboration with the surrounding region is more important than ever for the City of Munich. Indeed, many proven instruments already exist, from the Munich Regional Planning Association (Regionaler Planungsverband München) to voluntary working groups to the Munich European Metropolitan Region (Europäische Metropolregion München – EMM). Yet further steps are neces-sary. As a result, Mayor of Munich Dieter Reiter has established the “Regional Alliance for Housing Construction and Infrastructure” (Regionales Bündnis für Infrastruktur und Wohnungsbau). Building on events held in previous years, in 2017 he again invited delegates to the Regional Housing Construction Confer-ence (Regionale Wohnungsbaukonferenz) in Ebersberg.

In the course of previous conferences, attended by more than 400 representa-tives from the political and business spheres as well as associations and organ-isations, numerous projects were initiated – such as the “Busse nach Berlin” scheme. In November 2015, politicians and business representatives from the Munich Metropolitan Region travelled to Berlin to call for more support from Federal Minister of Transport, Alexander Dobrindt, and the Bavarian Minister of the Interior, Joachim Herrmann, to develop transport infrastructure and hous-ing construction. Their argument was that not only do structurally-weak areas require political support on a federal and state level to meet their challenges, but growing areas do as well. With regard to expanding transport infrastructure, Herrmann and Dobrindt committed to construction of a second core S-Bahn route, known as the second Stammstrecke, for Munich.

Best practice examples, such as the “Raumordnerische Entwicklungskonzept München Südwest” (Regional Planning Development Concept for Munich South-West) can provide important impetus for the future. In this concept, the state capital Munich collaborated with seven communes in Würmtal to develop a joint strategy on the areas of housing, work, mobility and open space.

Munich is not alone in its growth – many parts of the region around the state capital are also expanding. Building affordable housing, dealing with increasing numbers of commuters, building schools, protecting open spaces – this is a task that requires collective action.

Munich and the surrounding region

Tackling the challenges of the future together

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06This aims to ensure that the City of Munich continues to enjoy high employment and economic prosperity into the future. Appropriate and corresponding commer-cial locations are therefore required, in addition to retaining the mix of production, crafts and services from a wide range of sectors.

To provide business with the requisite level of planning security, the city has developed the Gewerbeflächenentwicklungsprogramm (Commercial Spaces Development Programme). However, since its adoption by the City Council in 2000, the range of commercial spaces has fallen substantially due to conflicts of use, increasing pressure for redevelopment and location-specific shortcomings. On the other hand, there are premises lying vacant.

This development should be addressed by the update to the Commercial Spaces Development Programme. It highlights proposals on new commercial develop-ments, securing existing spaces for the future and restructuring other commer-cial spaces. Among other objectives, the programme sets the target of creating 35 hectares of land by 2030, in particular for traditional industries. Structural con-cepts or framework plans are to be developed for the Neumarkter Straße, Perlach Süd, Kirschgelände and Deckelgelände commercial areas. In addition, the pro-gramme raises concepts for space-saving business and proposes the introduction of an area management body that also addresses issues of mobility. Possibilities of inter-commune commercial areas in the region surrounding Munich are also set to be explored. The objective is to ensure that Munich remains a secure place to do business, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises.

The new approaches will be discussed with the fields of politics and business, and with the professional public, before the City Council decides on them. The update to the Commercial Spaces Development Programme is a joint project of the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation with the Munich Department of Labor and Economic Development, which is responsible for pro-moting the economy.

Ensuring that Munich remains an attractive location for business is a key objective in urban development planning. The commercial space development programme highlights sites of important pro-spective locations for business. The programme has now been updated.

Development programme for commercial spaces

Prospective sites for business

The Steinhausen commercial area has seen considerable upheaval since the Süddeutscher Verlag printing centre was established there. In the update to the commercial area development pro-gramme, approaches have also been developed to reinforce existing com-mercial areas.

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The roof landscape of the Munich Altstadt, with silhouettes of towers to the east.

With around 450 individual listed buildings, the Munich Altstadt district today boasts a cityscape developed over centuries and, despite significant damage incurred in wartime, retains its inimitable character. Since 1983, the district as a whole has been registered on the architectural conservation list. At the same time, the city centre has enjoyed a building and investment boom.

The role of responsible urban development is to retain positive urban design qualities while simultaneously enabling contemporary, high-quality and mod-ern development. Therefore, on behalf of the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation, the former Guardian of Cultural Heritage Gert F. Goer-gens produced guidelines on planning and building in the Munich Altstadt ensemble. Based on 19 theories, Goergens developed “guard rails” to pre-serve the character of typical features such as façades, arcades, courtyards, public areas or the roofscape for the future. The Altstadt guidelines seek to promote sensitivity when dealing with this exceptional ensemble, and serve as a guide to developers and planning offices in construction projects.

In 2010, due to the significant pressure for change and the associated risk of an increasing loss of quality, a political discussion was instigated with the aim of retaining the architectonic quality of the Munich Altstadt ensemble. The inherent heterogeneity of the Altstadt made it legally impossible to issue a design statute. Instead, the decision was taken to produce guidelines to safe-guard the area’s overall quality.

In 2015, the Lower Architectural Conservation Authority (Untere Denkmal-schutzbehörde) published a brochure, which is available free of charge from the Building Authority. In addition to the 19 guidelines, this brochure presents illustrative new construction and reconstruction measures in the Altstadt.

The boom of construction and investment has made an imprint on the Munich city centre. But how can Munich protect the quality of its historic “Altstadt” district despite its standing as a modern metropolis and a location for business? New guidelines propose answers to these issues.

Guidelines on planning and construction in the historic centre

The ongoing conflict between tradition and change

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08There is a rich tradition of construction competitions in Munich. They are an important instrument in ensuring quality in urban planning, open space design and architecture. Moreover, they promote a dialogue between stakeholders, ensure transparency in the planning process and foster a public discussion about planning and building. The City Council either provides prizes itself or does so in collaboration with investors. The spectrum of competitions spans from invi-tational contests with few participants to open, conceptual urban planning con-tests. In significant processes, the recommendations of local residents are taken into consideration, such as in the case of the former Bayernkaserne or Paulaner sites. Advisory bodies have proven successful in realising major competitions. The projects are assessed on the basis of planning guidelines and overarching planning concepts for the area.

The Commission for Urban DesignThe Commission for Urban Design (Kommission für Stadtgestaltung) is another established tool for ensuring building quality in Munich. This voluntary body was founded in its current form in 1970 and is composed of 27 members. In addition to the Mayor and the Head of Department of Urban Planning and Building Reg-ulation, it is made up of other representatives of the city administration, spe-cialists from other authorities, Guardians of Cultural Heritage, city councillors as well as ten freelance architects. Some of these architects are from other cities, ensuring that an external perspective is given. Generally speaking, the Commis-sion advises on proposals that would significantly alter the Munich cityscape. It cannot grant or revoke planning permission, and may only issue recommenda-tions.

Competitions, advisory bodies and the Commission for Urban Design – the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation uses a variety of instruments to effect a significant contribution to Munich building culture.

Planning and building culture

Ensuring the quality of construction – an important task

Right: Competitive exhibitions are often held in the Department for Urban Planning and Building Regula-tion – including for the former Temmler site in Berg am Laim. First prize went to Hollwich Kushner Archi-tecture, New York. Left: An overview of completed builds is held in the building culture filing cabinet in the Lokalbaukommission.

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09 A city in touch with its people

Planning-related public relations work and the dialogue with the general public are key preconditions for sustainable urban develop-ment. Comprehensible and well-presented information is crucial: from printed brochures and newsletters to Twitter updates, and from exhibitions to specific events – the Department uses an array of methods to keep Munich residents informed of the latest plans, projects and developments. There are various points of contact where citizens can find answers to their queries.

A constant since 1995: PlanTreffThe centrepiece of the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regula-tion’s public relations work is PlanTreff. The urban development information centre, located at Blumenstraße 31, was established in 1995 to create a loca-tion in the centre of Munich where the city’s urban development operations could be made more transparent for its residents. For the public, PlanTreff is the place to find out about important projects, topics and plans. Munich resi-dents can visit the many exhibitions and events held here to speak with spe-cialists and voice their ideas. Since 1999, an exhibition has been held at the start of each year in the Rathausgalerie on Marienplatz. Under the motto of “Zukunft findet Stadt”, the exhibitions feature a wide-ranging programme and present current topics and issues relating to urban development in Munich. The topics range from housing to architectural conservation to the Munich city-scape. Public interest in the exhibition continues to grow: 15,700 people vis-ited the 2017 edition of the annual exhibition, entitled “Mehr Wohnen”, and left 200 comments. All in all, this year saw six evening events, a workshop for chil-dren and young people, six guided city walks and a total of 30 tours of the exhibition.

Exhibitions held in the Rathausgalerie and the PlanTreff centre, as well as events like the urban building culture talk series, are important com-ponents of planning-related public relations work.

Thinking, debating, planning – together

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From the classic exhibition to the modern “Smart Slam”In addition, exhibitions are held on a variety of topics in the PlanTreff centre, in the high-rise building at Blumenstraße 28b and in the Building Authority’s service centre. An annual schools’ urban development competition is also held to intro-duce children and young people to issues of architecture and urban planning. The Head of Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation, Elisabeth Merk, also regularly invites people from a range of backgrounds and professions and with differing opinions to a talk series to discuss current challenges. Compara-tively new features in the public relations programme include the “Smart Slam”, a quick-fire contest of short presentations based on the concept of poetry slams, and “PlanTreff vor Ort”, a series of walks around Munich to take in and discuss ongoing projects.

A new form of civic engagement Events such as these are crucial – and not only because a growing number of residents are seeking to play an active role in planning processes. In fact, inform-ing citizens, allowing them to participate and engaging them in the planning pro-cess early on facilitates greater acceptance and better results, in the sense of achieving more sustainable urban development. For these reasons, we are also using more informal civil participation formats, such as workshops or resi-dents’ panels, in addition to the legally-prescribed consultation and engagement process. The Internet is the best method of keeping people in the loop: new updates are posted daily on muenchen.de/plan, muenchen-mitdenken.de and Twitter. The Department also releases a quarterly newsletter on current topics.

Point of contact for planning permission queriesFor any general questions on planning and building permission, the Building Authority’s service centre at Blumenstraße 19 is the place to go. Even before a planning application is submitted, citizens can use the centre for advice – in per-son or by telephone, without having to arrange an appointment.

Right: The central point of contact for questions concerning planning permission is the Building Authority’s service centre. Left: At the 2015 edi-tion of the annual exhibition, visitors could voice their opinions and leave comments on the development of Munich city centre.

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10 Smarter Together, City2Share and a new guideline

Smart Munich

The Smart City is an important topic for the city of Munich: with a range of projects and a new guideline on digital transformation, the city administration is rising to the challenges of the future.

In September 2015, the European Union selected Munich, along with Lyon and Vienna, to test out landmark, future-oriented Smart City solutions as part of the “Smarter Together” project. Taking into account funding from business and research, € 20 million will be deployed in Neuaubing-Westkreuz and Freiham by the year 2020. State-of-the-art technologies for the “district of the future” are to be tested at these sites, and could serve as a model for future devel-opments. Trials are to be conducted in three areas: mobility, technology and energy. Measures to be enacted range from energy-oriented refurbishments to intelligent street lights to car sharing systems. Active participation of local residents is also an important component: they will be able to collaborate with project partners from the fields of industry and research to develop solutions in numerous “Stadtteillaboren”, or district workshops.

The objectives of the “City2Share” research project can be summarised as follows: less traffic with reduced emissions for enhanced quality of life with improved mobility. In the Sendling and Isarvorstadt districts, a consortium made up of private enterprises, public authorities and research institutions will investigate the efficacy of new concepts over the coming years in rela-tion to e-mobility. One particular focus of this initiative is developing and tri-alling an innovative sharing system with partially autonomous electric cars and inductive charging stations, as well as integrating pedelecs in the existing rental bicycle system. A new, ecological inner-city delivery concept is also to be developed and trialled on the basis of electric cargo bicycles – again involv-ing local residents.

Following the new “Digital Transformation Smart City” guideline, such techni-cal developments are integrated in the Perspektive München urban develop-ment concept.

Munich’s first “Stadtteillabor” was opened in Neuaubing-Westkreuz in 2016.The Smart City represents future-ready urban development in the very broadest sense, connecting urban planning with technology, research, communication, social affairs and business. Sustainability is also a key aspect.

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Plans and projects for more housingSpace to build housing is in short supply in Munich. As a result, it is crucial that potential sites are developed. This might happen when businesses move to the outskirts of the city and leave their production premises, such as in the examples of the Paulaner brewery or in the Werksviertel. Or, this might involve develop-ments on the city’s fringes, such as in Freiham or in Munich’s north-east, which hold the city’s last remaining large expanses of continuous undeveloped land.

Redevelopments have always been a key motor for urban develop-ment in Munich. Following the end of the Cold War and the reforms to the German Armed Forces, numerous military barracks were vacated over time, such as the Funkkaserne and the Prinz-Eugen-Kaserne. This is not to forget the considerable amount of land reclaimed from the rail system, such as on Paul-Gerhardt-Allee. A number of residential areas have since been created.

The process of transforming a used site into a residential area depends on the ownership circumstances as well as the site’s location, size, context and history. Sometimes the first step is a structural concept, while other projects start with a competition. No matter how similar individual planning and implementation stages might be, the involvement of local citizens plays an increas-ingly important role – particularly when it comes to creating highly liveable neighbourhoods with high-quality open space structures that offer a diverse range of housing for all Munich residents.

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11 An inclusive district for around 25,000 residents

Freiham

In western Munich, on one of the final connected spaces within the city boundaries, a new urban district is under construction. Eventu-ally, around 25,000 residents will call the area home, while 7,500 persons will work here. As well as housing and commercial areas, public spaces and green areas, shops and social institutions are set to be created – as well as Munich’s largest education and sports campus and a generous nature park. The district will be constructed in stages by the year 2040 – following the principle of inclusivity.

The city’s new district, Freiham, is around the size of 250 football fields and is divided into two areas: the commercial site south of Bodenseestraße has been under construction since 2005. The Freiham Nord residential area is to be constructed in two stages. While an international urban and landscape plan-ning competition has been running since the summer of 2017 for the second realisation phase (57 hectares, 5,000 to 6,000 housing units), the first realisa-tion phase commenced in practice in 2016. In this stage, 4,400 homes will be created for 11,000 residents over 85 hectares. The spectrum of housing to be built spans from multi-storey residential housing to housing cooperatives and mixed housing types. Subsidised housing (for rent and for sale) will account for around 50 per cent.

Two building projects in the leading roleThe heart of the new residential area will be at the district’s centre: the munici-pal housing association Gewofag is to build facilities for a district cultural cen-tre, along with a municipal library, a family and health advice centre, a training centre, two childcare centres and 240 homes. The realisation contest was awarded in 2016, and construction should begin in 2018. To the north, another municipal housing association, GWG, is to construct 170 homes, two childcare centres and a community meeting centre. Unusually, the project tasks have been divided between two architectural offices, who were both awarded joint second place in the realisation competition. These construction projects are the first in Freiham Nord, and will play a pioneering role for the entire district. It is hoped that the first residents will be able to move in from 2020.

Inclusive spaces to live and workMunich’s new district should not only be vibrant, diverse and ecologically sus-tainable, but also inclusive. That means that everyone must be equally able to access and participate in communal areas – including elderly citizens and peo-ple with disabilities. To make this objective a reality, the planners in the Depart-ment of Urban Planning and Building Regulation have worked together with specialists and other relevant parties to formulate a series of recommenda-tions for action in nine topic areas: urban planning; homes/living; mobility and public spaces; local supply; leisure and recreation; social affairs and culture; health; education, and work. The recommendations range from public signage systems for different perceptual patterns to low-contrast lighting systems, and from inclusive leisure activities to a network of short routes. These were given directly to the developers and architects. The Free State of Bavaria provided financial support to the project.

Project informationFreiham overallSize: 350 hectares

Freiham NordSize 190 hectaresResidents: 25,000

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The framework plan is based on the idea of gentle construction: Freiham Nord is connected to the settlement boundary of Neuaubing to the east by a strip of grassland. The western edge of the new district features a large nature park, approximately 55 hectares in size. To the north, the area neigh-bours the rural settlement of Aubing.

In the realisation competition for the GWG project, two parties were awarded joint second place: both Dressler May-erhofer Rössler Architekten und Stadtplaner with Terra.nova Landschaftsarchitekten and Felix + Jonas Architekten with Mahl Gebhard Konzepte Landschaftsarchitekten won the award (in bottom image). The two Munich architect offices are collaborating and sharing project tasks.

The winning design for the Gewofag buildings in the centre of the Freiham Nord district was drawn up by AllesWirdGut Architektur mit DnD Landschaftsarchitekten, Vienna.

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12 Planning for the future: three variants for development

Munich’s north-east

Munich’s north-east still has a significant amount of land available. Apart from the new district of Freiham, the area to the east of the S-Bahn line 8 to the airport holds the greatest potential for future residential and landscape development in Munich. On the approxi-mately 600 hectares available here, several new districts could be built in the decades to come, creating homes for a total of 30,000 people and generating 10,000 jobs. The Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation has developed three vari-ants for development of this land. A public discussion on the pro-posals was held in early 2017.

In a four-week-long exhibition, numerous workshops, a symposium, events for property owners and a youth conference, the Department’s three variants were discussed intensively with the public. Munich residents were very keen to take the opportunity to give the planners feedback on their proposals: all three var-iants were discussed in detail in regards to their qualities concerning housing and commerce, culture and agriculture, education and sport, green space and recreation, transport, emissions and regional networking. The density of any future developments was one of the central topics of discussion. Alongside con-cerns about the area’s identity, productive agriculture and open countryside, many citizens see combating the additional traffic as a major challenge.

Debate welcomeThe affected district committees were also heavily engaged in the discussions. In a five-hour symposium entitled “Blick über den Tellerrand”, experts stemming from Freiburg, Kloten near Zurich and Fredrikssund – located to the west of Copenhagen – presented their visions and approaches for the residential areas, as well as for the interaction between urban and rural areas. The comments and reactions from residents will be integrated in further plans.

Project informationSize: 595 hectares Residents: 30,000

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The area where development is planned is currently rather rural. It is situated in the municipal districts of Bogenhausen and Trudering-Riem. Due to the rapid population growth in Munich, the construction of new homes in this area is urgently required. In order to conduct exploratory planning work without causing the price of the land to be developed to be influenced through speculation, the city conducted preparatory investigations with a view to future urban develop-ment measures several years ago.

S-Bahn tunnel between Johanneskirchen and DaglfingAnother topic relating to settlement developments in Munich’s north-east is the four-track expansion of the route of the S-Bahn line 8 to Munich airport between Johanneskirchen, Englschalking and Daglfing. While Deutsche Bahn currently plans to conduct this expansion at ground level, the City of Munich would pre-fer a tunnel – for noise protection reasons, but also in order to enhance the spa-tial connections of the districts lying to the east and west of the S-Bahn line. As a result, the City has contributed financially to the preliminary surveys, which are to be carried out by Deutsche Bahn.

Exhibition with a workshop character: In the former Siemens canteen, citizens had the chance to visualise their ideas for Munich’s north-east using wooden blocks.

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Left: Entry to the Bayernkaserne was once strictly controlled. Right: The winning concept, by architectural offices Max Dudler (Berlin), Hilmer & Sattler und Albrecht (Munich) and the landscape architect Adelheid Schönborn (Muhr am See).

At 48 hectares, the site of the old barracks in Freimann – in municipal ownership since 2011 – holds enormous potential for the overstretched housing market. The former military facility and the ten-hectare commercial site at Heidemannstraße 164 that neighbours the barracks to the east are now the subject of development plans.

As well as housing, childcare centres, two school campuses with sports facilities, social institutions such as a senior citizen’s centre, a community centre, a branch of the Münchner Volkshochschule, a large supermarket and further shops are planned for the area. Additional aspects include public and private open spaces: a munici-pal park, two generous green areas in the north and south of the development, a green boulevard running from east to west with footpaths and cycle paths, as well as communal roof gardens and courtyards. There are also plans to extend tram line 23 through the area along a thoroughfare. A fire station is also planned for Heide-mannstraße.

The foundation for the plans is an urban and landscape planning contest, which concluded in 2014. The winning concept draws on the European city model and plans to create clearly-structured construction sites in a network of perpendicular streets. The centre of the district will see a town square composed of numerous buildings of around 60 metres tall.

It is hoped that the district will be realised in accordance with the “Munich mix” – with rental and freehold homes for as many different income groups as possible. Between 20% and 40% of planning permission is intended for joint building ven-tures and cooperatives. Individual realisation competitions will be held for public buildings such as schools and for significant housing areas.

The special aspect of this planning process was the early integration of the public – indeed, even before the competition outcome had been decided. Sustainability aspects were also carefully considered in the urban development concept.

The site of the former Bayernkaserne military base and a neighbour-ing piece of land are set to become an urban district with 5,000 homes, open spaces and social infrastructure planned. The first resi-dents should provisionally move in from 2021.

The former Bayernkaserne site

Transforming former barracks into a residential area

Project informationSize: 58 hectaresResidents: 15,000

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Left: The realisation competition for Construc-tion Area WA6 was won by Munich firms Meck Architekten and Studio B Landschaftsarchitek-tur. Right: Living, shopping and relaxing – the western edge of the district will see a striking building complex with 160 homes and large retailers, following the plans of Munich firms Allmann Sattler Wappner Architekten and Real-grün Landschaftsarchitekten.

Around 2,400 homes are set to be built in the triangular junction between Paul-Gerhardt-Allee, Bärmannstraße and the two railway lines. Development plans also include a five-grade primary school with a sports hall, five day-care facilities, almost ten hectares of public green spaces and shops that should also benefit other nearby residential areas. An orbital footpath and cycle path in the planned landscape park should connect the new district with Pasing rail station, tram line 19 and the parks surrounding Nymphenburg Palace. The City Council approved three new combined pedestrian and bicycle bridges to this effect in 2014. The listed Eggenfabrik building is to be retained and converted for use as a popular sports centre.

In December 2014, the City Council approved the development plans. The land is divided into twelve construction areas, with a realisation competition planned for each individual area. Nine of these contests should be completed by late 2017. The overall plans are based on an urban and landscape planning competi-tion that concluded in 2011. The winning design, created by Munich firms Palais Mai Architekten and Lohrer.Hochrein Landschaftsarchitekten, features polygonal courtyard developments. A landscape park is to be created between the court-yard developments and the railway lines. Sound barriers and protection walls will protect the area from railway noise. A town square is planned on Paul-Gerhardt-Allee, with a second square in the east of the district providing balance.

Construction work has already begun. The year 2018 should see the first resi-dents move in. As the commercial zone is being re-purposed, the area will have to contend with less heavy-duty traffic.

The 33 hectare planning area in Pasing-Obermenzing is the final section of Zentrale Bahnflächen area that is yet to be developed. What was once an industrial zone will become an area where 5,500 people will live and approximately 800 will work.

Paul-Gerhardt-Allee

The final section of the Zentrale Bahnflächen area is under development


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The municipal housing association GWG is con-structing a complex with 57 homes and a chil-dren’s centre as part of the ecological model settlement on Jörg-Hube-Straße, in accordance with the plans of the bidding consortium made up of Rapp Architekten with Müllerblaustein and Brüggemann. It is set to be completed in 2019.

The new Prinz-Eugen-Park in Bogenhausen should be a vibrant, highly-liveable district. As a result, engaging future residents in its development from the very beginning was vital. High value has also been attached to issues such as commu-nity facilities, living with a reduced number of cars, good local transport links and network neighbourhoods. The municipal housing associations Gewofag and GWG have joined forces with housing cooperatives, community building ventures and autonomous developers to form a consortium, and intend to build housing units and social facilities on the land. The Jewish Community of Munich (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde) is also involved in the project to provide housing for senior citi-zens. This mix of various actors, housing types, projects and funding programmes has created housing to cater for a range of income and age groups.

With the ecological model settlement in the south of the development, the City of Munich is seeking to set a new benchmark in terms of climate protection and sustainable urban development. A range of building types will be built using tim-ber construction, up to seven-storey housing blocks. Comprising around 480 homes, this will be the largest coherent wooden settlement in Germany. The City has established a specific funding programme to support the project. The model settlement should be completed in 2019.

Habitats, old trees and green meadows shape the Prinz-Eugen-Park. The cen-tre of the park will see a lively square with shops and restaurants. Further trade and service spaces are set to appear on the Cosimastraße. This will be comple-mented by six nursery schools, one primary school and a community and cultural centre. The district will be embedded in parkland traversed by a network of walk-ways and cycle paths.

The development plan was approved in 2013. The basis for this was an urban and landscape planning competition won by the Munich firms GSP Architekten and Rainer Schmidt Landschaftsarchitekten. A subsequent realisation competition and advisory bodies helped to flesh out the development.

On the site of the former Prinz-Eugen-Kaserne military barracks, a new urban area with 1,800 homes will be built from 2017, and serve as a role model for all of Munich: numerous actors have collaborated both in its planning and construction. An ecological model settle-ment sets a new benchmark.

Prinz-Eugen-Park

Lighthouse ecological settlement project using wooden construction

Project informationPrinz-Eugen-Park (overall)Size: 30 hectares Residents: 4,000

Ecological model settlementSize: 5 hectaresResidents: 1,200

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The wagnisART residential development, cre-ated by the wagnis eG cooperative, in 2016 won the award Deutscher Städtebaupreis.

Child and family-friendly with numerous open spaces and varied architecture – these are the plans for the Domagkpark in the north of Schwabing. On the site of the former Funkkaserne barracks, 1,800 homes – half of them subsidised – are currently under construction. In addition, a primary school, a hotel, a super-market, shops and restaurants will be built around the Bauhausplatz to form the centre of the new district. The area will also feature four day-care centres, a nurs-ing centre for senior citizens and a community centre, and also provide 500 jobs. One integral element is the studio house for 140 artists and creatives in the for-mer Haus 50, which has been successfully retained and represents the area’s heritage.

Joint building ventures and cooperatives showed great interest in the district’s development from the very beginning. They proposed innovative concepts to develop the land and formed a consortium along with housing companies and developers. Their objective is to network the parties involved and form a shared approach to create a highly-liveable, lively district with short travel routes. The 15 buildings to be constructed by the six joint building ventures will contribute to the area’s considerable architectonic diversity. Beyond that, a mobility con-cept designed to meet the requirements of the district’s future residents has been jointly developed: facilities for electric cars, car-sharing systems and rental bike stations will reduce the need for car parking spaces. A range of community spaces, from a visitors’ apartment to a workshop, encouraged social cohesion in the area.

The jewel in the crown of the new urban district is its large park, which can be reached using the new tram line 23. It divides the area into northern and south-ern residential areas, and is bordered by staggered, standalone buildings. A closed noise protection development will be built along the Frankfurter Ring to the north; U-shaped houses will be built in the south, while the east of the district will see alternative housing types. The basis for the plans was an urban and landscape planning concept contest, which was won in 2002 by the Berlin firms Ortner & Ortner Baukunst and Topotek 1 Landschaftsarchitekten.

Barracks, refugee accommodation, an artists’ commune, a police station – the site of the former Funkkaserne military base has seen diverse uses over the years. Another chapter is about to start: by 2018, it will become the location of a new district of Munich.

Domagkpark

New residential space for families, students and apprentices


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17The area on the Nockherberg in the Au district will see construction of around 1,500 new homes, 30% of them subsidised, along with several day-care facili-ties, a community centre, shops, restaurants and a 16,000 square metre park. A network of walkways and cycle paths will also provide access to the entire area. A new primary school will be built nearby at Hochstraße 31, and is expected to open its doors in 2019.

The foundation for the plans is an urban and landscape planning contest, which concluded in 2013. The designs for the Regerstraße sub-area (5.1 hectares) have been drawn up by the Amsterdam firm Rapp+Rapp with Atelier Quadrat from Rotterdam, while the Ohlmüllerstraße sub-area (1.7 hectares) is in the hands of Munich firm Steidle Architekten with Atelier Auböck+Kárász from Vienna. For the Welfenstraße area (2.3 hectares), the London-based firm Caruso St John Archi-tects with Vogt Landschaftsarchitekten from Zurich were awarded first prize. The general public was closely involved in the competition process – with events held before prizes had been awarded. A design advisory board, which includes mem-bers of the district committee, will continue to accompany the project. The devel-opment plan was approved in February 2016.

A separate realisation competition was held for the Paulaner administration building on Ohlmüllerstraße, which will be the workplace for 250 employees. In the plans created by the Munich firms Hierl Architekten and Koeber Land-schaftsarchitekten, a new building is to be constructed that integrates the listed Zacherlbau and Linde-Eismaschine buildings on Auer Mühlbach. The Zacherl-bau was renovated in close collaboration with the Lower Architectural Conserva-tion Authority (Untere Denkmalschutzbehörde) and the Bavarian State Office for Architectural Conservation (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege). Carl von Linde’s Eis-maschine, also a listed building under architectural conservation protection, was also integrated in the new concept.

The Paulaner Brewery has relocated its production and logistics operations from the city centre to Langwied, on Munich’s outskirts. By 2023, the former brewing site should be home to a new, sustain-able residential district. Only Paulaner’s administrative staff will remain.

Paulaner site

Three new residential areas on the Nockherberg


Laying the foundation stone for the Welfengar-ten (from left): Dr. Jürgen Büllesbach, Chairman of the Board of Bayerische Hausbau; Prof. Dr.(I) Elisabeth Merk, Head of Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation; and Dr. Her-mann Brandstetter, Managing Director at Bayer-ische Hausbau.

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The view of Werk 3 and Medienbrücke from Ostbahnhof.

A site where companies such as Pfanni, Zündapp and Optimol once had their production sites and which saw revellers party into the early hours will soon house 2,630 people and provide work for 12,600. The area will also feature a new concert hall.

Werksviertel

A new district with a rich heritage by Ostbahnhof


Following the guiding principle of “compact, urban, green”, one of the last remain-ing large expanses of continuous undeveloped land close to the city centre will become a vibrant district with homes, jobs, services, culture and leisure.

The heart of the new district is a 1.3 hectare park, surrounded by 1,150 homes in block perimeter development, with 30% of this housing subsidised. The buildings have five to six floors, green courtyards, and are protected from street and train noise by the nearby commercial and business areas. Buildings between 60 to 80 metres high will also add occasional urban architectural accents. A youth centre, three day-care facilities and a primary school are also planned.

The juxtaposition of old industrial halls and modern architecture gives the new district an unmistakeable character. The former silos, Werk 1 and Werk 3, the Ton-halle and the old Pfanni canteen have been retained to preserve a sense of the district’s former identity. Today, the silos house a climbing hall, while Werk 3 fea-tures studio, exhibition and storage spaces. Werk 1 is home to a series of start-ups, and a restaurant has been set up in the former Pfanni canteen. The buildings will be refurbished, expanded and supplemented with additional uses, such as hotels, sports facilities or apartments. A shopping centre will be built to the north of Grafinger Straße. The media centre on Rosenheimer Straße is set to be expanded. In total, the district will feature seven hectares of green areas and open spaces. Green walkways and cycle paths as well as a new Medienstraße should render the previously hermetically-sealed commercial district more open and accessible. In the heart of the Werksviertel, directly by the park, a new con-cert hall is to be constructed – and will become the new home of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks).

The basis of the development planning concept is a structural concept developed by the office of Steidle Architekten in coordination with Freiraum Landschafts-architekten.

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A visualisation of the “Boschenplatz” area at the corner of Boschetsrieder Straße and Drygal-ski Allee, presented at the advisory body on 24 September 2014 by 03 Architekten, Munich.

The planning area is directly adjacent to the former thermal power station in Obersendling. In the early 1990s, the former Isar-Amperwerke, nowadays E.on, intended to build its group headquarters there. However, the plans were eventually shelved, as was the idea of building a shopping centre on the site. Instead, a new settlement with homes for 2,500 residents and jobs for 400 people is to be built. The design envisages three interlocking residential blocks with six to eight floors, and which are oriented towards Drygalski-Allee, Boschets-rieder Straße and Kistlerhofstraße. A quiet central park will be integrated in the area by connecting green spaces and walkways. Green spaces and open areas will stretch out between the housing blocks. The edges of the blocks will shield the residential area against the noise from nearby streets and busi-nesses. The homes are oriented towards the park and the private courtyards. A comprehensive range of communally-accessible roof gardens and terraces are set to be created on top of the buildings.

Along with freehold properties, rental housing is also planned, much of it sub-sidised. Three new day-care facilities will also be integrated in the courtyards. A commercial building with space for offices, retailers and everyday service providers is planned for Kistlerhofstraße, as well as accommodation for stu-dents and apprentices. The district is connected via the neighbouring main roads, while the next U-Bahn station is on Machtlfingerstraße.

The basis for the development plans is taken from an urban and landscape planning competition, which was completed in 2013 following intensive involvement of the general public. The winning design was created by the Zurich-based offices of Von Ballmoos Krucker and Schweingruber Zulauf Land-schaftsarchitekten (today called Studio Vulkan, Zurich). To ensure the archi-tectonic quality of the development, an advisory body composed of political representatives and specialists monitors the planning process.

A new district with 1,100 homes is under development on Boschets-rieder Straße, at the corner of Drygalski-Allee. It is hoped that the first residents will be able to move in from 2018. Roof gardens and terraces will also ensure the district features green accents.

Am Südpark

Housing on the former E.on site


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Left: The four areas are connected, but can also be developed independently of one another. Right: A potential impression of how the Krea-tivlabor sub-area might look, according to the plans created by the firms Teleinternetcafe and TH Treibhaus.

Creativity is theme of this new district. Four connected sub-areas are planned: Kreativpark, Kreativplattform, Kreativfeld and Kreativlabor. The vibrant art and cul-ture scene that has developed in the north of the area should help to create a cohesive identity for the district.

In late 2016, the City Council approved the first of three development plans: the Kreativfeld sub-area on Schwere-Reiter-Straße will see construction of a five-grade primary school, along with 385 homes and a centre for children with four toddler and nursery groups. In the next block, the Kreativlabor sub-area on Leon-rodplatz, the plans foresee an urban mix of art, culture, creative industries, hous-ing, social facilities, another day-care centre, businesses and retail outlets in old and new buildings alike. At the heart of the new district is the Kreativpark. This public space combines Heßstraße with Dachauer Straße. This area also features two listed industrial buildings, the Jutierhalle and Tonnenhalle, which are vacant at present and should be used in future for cultural purposes and the creative industry. A start-up and innovation centre is envisaged to the south-west of the Tonnenhalle. The Kreativplattform area is also connected to the south. This area will see the University of Applied Sciences Munich (Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften) expand with a northern campus. In addition, new buildings comprising around 395 homes and a third day-care centre are also planned.

Plans for the development stem from the recently-established architectural firms Teleinternetcafe (Berlin) and TH Treibhaus (Hamburg), who in 2012 were crowned winners of the urban and landscape planning concept competition. Their design was awarded the Deubau-Preis 2016.

The participation of the general public is vital in the development of this creative district. Numerous events have already been held.

Munich is breaking the mould in the development of the former Luitpoldkaserne barracks and surrounding areas: an urban district is set to be built on Dachauer Straße, and will see living and work-ing closely intermeshed with art, culture and academia.

Kreativquartier

Urban living amongst art and culture on Dachauer Straße


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Infrastructure and public spaceMore than 1.5 million people live in Munich; 360,000 more com-mute into the state capital from its environs every day. They all want to commute, live, work, shop and enjoy the culture of the city – and ideally without noise and air pollution.

The major challenge is meeting all of these demands and expecta-tions of a mobile and future-oriented city while also ensuring that it remains highly liveable. This means securing the mobility of resi-dents, commuters and commercial traffic on the one hand, while simultaneously keeping noise and air pollution from transport as low as possible. It is also important to make public space available for transport and traffic, as well as ensuring that Munich’s public spaces remain an attractive place for people to meet and live.

The Verkehrsentwicklungsplan (Munich Transport Development Plan) provides the framework for further development of transport infrastructure. One objective is to expand the options, so that more journeys can be made easily on foot. Furthermore, cycling should also be promoted alongside public transport as a city-friendly, emission-free and healthy mode of transport. This was affirmed in the “Radverkehr in München” decision of principle, adopted in 2009. The proposed steps to expand the U-Bahn, tram and bus services are detailed in the Nahverkehrsplan (Regional Public Transport Plan). This is currently being updated.

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21 Extended pedestrian zone being trialledSendlinger Straße

The idea of pedestrianising Sendlinger Straße has been discussed for over 30 years. The new development between Färbergraben and Hackenstraße has changed the local environment considerably. As a result, the northern section of Sendlinger Straße has been a pedestrian zone since 2013. Following posi-tive feedback on this initiative, the pedestrianisation of the southern part is now under discussion.

From 1 July 2016, a series of specialist studies were conducted to assess the ramifications of the pedestrian zone for residents’ quality of life, the interaction between transport users and commercial activity. A self-commissioned office conducted site visits and surveys and held events to gather feedback from resi-dents, local doctors and business people in the area. Furthermore, a complaints hotline was created which local residents made lively use of. The City of Munich started a traffic census and monitored parking behaviour.

From July 2016 to February 2017, several hundred pieces of feedback were received. The interim conclusion: the traffic experiment was largely posi-tively received. Passers-by and local residents now spend more time in Send-linger Straße and cherish their newly-acquired peace and quiet with little traffic. However, local businesspeople are more critical of a potential expansion of the pedestrian zone. They would like their delivery times to be extended, an issue under consideration by the Department of Public Security and Order (Kreisverwaltungsre ferat). Moreover, arrangements for cyclists in the area around Sendlinger-Tor-Platz and Herzog-Wilhelm-Straße towards Oberanger requires improvement. Alternatively, Sendlinger Straße could be opened to cyclists. The issue of parking also needs further clarification.

Following the one-year test phase, the City Council will decide on the eventual restructuring of the popular shopping street.

On 1 July 2016, Sendlinger Straße became an exclusively pedestrian zone for one year. This should decisively improve conditions for resi-dents in the southern part. Comprehensive investigations were con-ducted during the test phase.

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22 The course is setThe new Munich Central Station

Munich is gaining a new central rail station: reception halls, the Starnberger Flügelbahnhof and its forecourts are all set to be redesigned. The revised designs from the Munich-based office of Auer Weber Architekten, who in 2006 were announced as win-ners of the urban planning concept and realisation competition, formed the basis for this development. The planning work is closely integrated with construction of the second core S-Bahn route, or Stammstrecke. The official groundbreaking ceremony for the Stammstrecke was held on 5 April 2017 at Marienhof.

In 2015, Munich City Council gave Deutsche Bahn the green light to redevelop the Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) in accordance with the revised designs of Auer Weber Architekten. The entrance hall will be replaced by a modern ter-minal-style building. A new building with a high tower will be constructed on the site of the old Starnberger Flügelbahnhof, the wing station to the north of the main terminus. The new Hauptbahnhof will not only be better connected to the historic city centre thanks to a pedestrian zone, and will also be better integrated in the surrounding district. Moreover, the development also repre-sents the completion of the new residential settlements on the Zentrale Bahn-flächen area.

A visualisation of the Hauptbahnhof forecourt with the new entrance building.

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The planned route of the second Stammstrecke – red line: overground; dotted red line: under-ground.

The new development also offers the opportunity to restructure traffic routes around the Hauptbahnhof and to redesign the various forecourts and the large Bahnhofplatz in front of the station. A conceptual study with different variants was created for this purpose. The core of the project is to enhance the station’s squares, to facilitate better pedestrian access to the city centre and to improve connections between local and long-distance travel (by rail, tram and bus). Sug-gestions for Bahnhofplatz, in front of the station, include a generous relaxation area with trees, seating areas and uniform surfacing – a key request of resi-dents in the south of the rail station district. Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft, the municipally-owned company responsible for the city’s public transport, would also like to add a third tram platform on Bahnhofplatz.

The Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation is using an in-depth transportation concept to examine the development of the rail station, the con-trol of transit traffic and how to keep bicycle traffic separate from pedestrians.

The second StammstreckeThe redevelopment of the Hauptbahnhof is closely linked to construction of the second core S-Bahn route, or Stammstrecke. The tunnel, commissioned by the Free State of Bavaria and planned by Deutsche Bahn is, in the view of the City Council, absolutely essential to significantly improve the Munich’s S-Bahn sys-tem. The new tunnel should complement the existing S-Bahn Stammstrecke and, at a depth of 35 to 40 metres, serve the stations at Laim, Hauptbahn-hof, Marienhof and Ostbahnhof. Preparatory construction work began in Octo-ber 2016. Deutsche Bahn expects construction work to last well over nine years, with the second Stammstrecke provisionally coming into service in 2026.

U9 bypass routeA new U-Bahn line from Implerstraße via Hauptbahnhof to Münchner Freiheit station could further relieve commuter congestion along the city’s north-south axis: the so-called U9-Entlastungsspange, or bypass route. A study commis-sioned by Stadtwerke München and the Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft shows that, from a construction perspective, this route is fundamentally realisable. The study is particularly in-depth in the area around the Hauptbahnhof, and a rough cost estimation is to be produced. Exploratory work is ongoing.

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23 Three sections of the ring are under consideration

Mittlerer Ring action programme

With up to 145,000 vehicles per day, the Mittlere Ring around Munich’s city centre is the city’s most congested main road. The sections along Landshuter Allee and Tegernseer Landstraße are exposed to particularly high levels of noise and air pollution. These urban areas are heavily populated, and are bisected by the ring. Plans for tunnels to improve the situation in both sections have been drawn up. In June 2017, the decision was taken to tunnel below the Englischer Garten in the area of the Isarring.

In 2013, the City of Munich instigated two feasibility studies to examine how the situation on Landshuter Allee and Tegernseer Landstraße could be improved through construction works. Both evaluations regarded tunnelling as the preferred solution. In November 2015, the City Council declared Landshuter Allee to be the top priority, with Tegernseer Landstraße the second priority. The Isarring is to be handled separately: in 2011, the “Ein Englischer Garten” citi-zens’ initiative conducted a feasibility study on the concept of a tunnel and the subsequent reunification of the 375 hectare park.

Landshuter AlleeThe Landshuter Allee section of the ring features the route’s highest popula-tion density, and is also subject to the highest traffic burden: in 2016, an aver-age of up to 142,000 vehicles rolled over Donnersbergerbrücke every day, while 4,550 people live along this one kilometre stretch. According to the studies conducted, a new tunnel could be created here – from the end of the northern ramp of Donnersbergerbrücke to the start of the southern ramp of the bridge over Dachauer Straße. The new tunnel would be approximately 1,450 metres in length and, at a rough estimate, would cost around € 537 million. The Depart-ment of Urban Planning and Building Regulation has been involved in prelimi-nary planning. The City Council will make a decision on next steps.

Heavy traffic: Landshuter Allee was one of the sections of the Mittlerer Ring examined in the studies.

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Tegernseer LandstraßeOn the Tegernseer Landstraße section of the ring, to the east of Grünwalder Straße, the average traffic flow in 2016 was 129,000 vehicles per 24 hours. There are 4,300 residents living along this one kilometre stretch. The researchers sug-gested extending the Candidtunnel by 880 metres to the McGraw-Graben. Tegernseer Landstraße would then be linked at the same level as Chiem-gaustraße. The initial rough estimate of the costs for the tunnel is € 350 million. Still to be clarified is how the tunnel could be built in the extremely tight space between rows of houses and how the traffic could be redirected acceptably over the entire building phase. At present, detailed studies are being conducted. The first results are expected by the end of 2017. Only then will the City Council make a decision on next steps.

The Isarring and the Englischer GartenThe traffic burden on the Isarring, which passes through the Englischer Garten to the north of the Kleinhesseloher See, has significantly increased since the Rich-ard-Strauss-Tunnel was opened in 2009. In 2014, 112,000 vehicles travelled this route every 24 hours. A review of the feasibility study conducted on behalf of the “Ein Englischer Garten” citizens’ initiative showed that a 390 metre tunnel with six lanes could be constructed between Dietlindenstraße and Ifflandstraße. This tunnel would cost € 125 million and, following a six year planning period, would be completed in 4.5 years. In 2016, the Free State of Bavaria approved € 35 mil-lion of support for the project. In March 2017, the City of Munich was promised € 2.67 million as part of the federal support programme “Nationale Projekte des Städtebaus 2017”, and on 28 June 2017 the Federal Ministry for the Environment presented the city with the funding. On the same day, the General Meeting of the City Council unanimously commissioned the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation to draw up the next steps in the project.

Visualisation of the Isarring tunnel under the Englischer Garten. The “Ein Englis-cher Garten” citizens’ initiative commis-sioned a feasibility study on reunification of the park. The project is supported by funds from the federal support pro-gramme “Nationale Projekte des Städte-baus 2017”.

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24Around 5,000 new homes on the site of the former Bayernkaserne, 15,000 additional jobs following expansion of the BMW Group’s Research and Innova-tion Centre (FIZ) on the site of the former Kronprinz-Rupprecht-Kaserne, a new urban planning development around Feldmoching – Munich’s north is charac-terised by a certain dynamic. In order to keep traffic flows in the area tolerable, the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation has created a con-cept that – in dialogue with the Free State of Bavaria and surrounding commu-nities – will be continually updated in future.

Aspects currently being planned involve expanding and extending Schleißheimer Straße with a connecting road to the Autobahnring A99. In addi-tion, the City of Munich, together with the Free State of Bavaria, is explor-ing the potential use of the Eisenbahnnordring as a new S-Bahn route. This stretch of track leads from Pasing via Knorrstraße to Trudering and is currently used exclusively by freight trains. Tram line 23 is set to be extended to run from Parkstadt Schwabing via the Euro-Industriepark through to Kieferngarten U-Bahn station. From there, a new “lateral” tram line 24 should stretch to Am Hart U-Bahn station. Last but not least, fast bicycle connections are envisaged between Hauptbahnhof and Rathenaustraße as well as to Oberschleißheim and Garching. Further tangential fast cycling paths are also planned.

Yet the transport concept also contains many further components to enhance the Munich transport system. The objective is to reduce car traffic as far as possible, to improve the public transport and cycle network by focussing on specific points, to optimise the existing road network and only to expand it in exceptional circumstances, as well as to reinforce collaboration with the surrounding region. The basis for future developments is formed by the Verkehrsentwicklungsplan (Munich Transport Development Plan) and the aspects of air pollution control and noise reduction.

New residential areas and jobs will result in a significant increase in the volume of traffic in Munich’s north in the coming years. The transport concept (Verkehrskonzept) should gradually improve the city’s infrastructure.

Transport concept for Munich’s north

Expansion of Schleißheimer Straße, the city’s tram network and much more

The winning design, created by Henn Architek-ten with Topotek 1 Landschaftsarchitekten, in the competition for the expansion of the BMW Group’s Research and Innovation Centre (“FIZ Future”).

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Left: The Kunstareal festival attracts numerous visitors every two years. Right: The guidance system through the Kunstareal: the inscribed steles and T-shaped elements made from acrylic stone were created by the designer Nitzan Cohen.

The Kunstareal lies at the heart of the Maxvorstadt area, sandwiched between Heßstraße, Türkenstraße, Karlstraße, Richard-Wagner-Straße and Enhuberstraße. Various state and municipal art, cultural and academic institutions are concen-trated in this small area of only 66 hectares. Such diversity at close quarters should make Munich a unique location for culture and academia, both in Germany and internationally.

Some work has already been undertaken to this end. For example, the Kunstar-eal was the subject of Munich’s first “citizens’ report”. The 105 participants from Munich and the surrounding region were selected at random and met for several days in September 2013. They worked on almost 1,500 suggestions for the devel-opment of the area around the Pinakothek galleries.

Some recommendations from the citizens’ report and further steps have since been implemented: a network of 21 inscribed steles have guided visitors through the Kunstareal since 2016. A coordination centre was set up to connect the insti-tutions more effectively. A master plan is being drawn up to design the open spaces, while the joint website kunstareal.de was optimised for smartphones and other media. The biennial Kunstareal festival, which gives visitors free entry to all museums, has been an unqualified success.

Traffic had been a source of irritation to many who live and work in the area. In 2015, the City Council decided to repeal the one-way street regulations in parts of Gabelsbergerstraße, Theresienstraße and Türkenstraße. In addition, new cycle paths are planned on Gabelsbergerstraße between Türkenstraße and Arcis-straße. In order to improve the visibility between the houses in Gabelberger-straße and Theresienstraße, the pick-up and drop-off zones for touring coaches in Barer Straße have been relocated. The bus infrastructure of the Kunstareal, which includes the Museum Line 100, was expanded in 2016 by Museum Line 150.

The Free State of Bavaria and the City of Munich want to support and network the landscape of museums, art and science around the Pinakothek art museums more effectively. Much has been achieved since 2009 – from the guidance system to the Kunstareal festival.

Kunstareal

Unique location for culture and academia in Maxvorstadt

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The framework plan for Erhardtstraße between the Corneliusbrücke and Ludwigsbrücke envis-ages “steps down to the river”.

Promenades, terraces, balconies, restaurants – and less traffic: in 2015, the City Council approved the framework plan for the popular, lively but also extremely sensitive section of the Isar. The plan pays particular attention to the footpaths, bridges, islands, the areas around the Deutsches Museum and the St. Lukas and St. Maximilian churches. The framework plan also contains proposals for additional river access points, an improved network of footpaths, conservation of near-natural spaces, restaurants and temporary events. The plan was devel-oped by the urban and landscape planning offices of Mahl Gebhard Konzepte (Munich) and Yellow Z (Berlin).

Transport is also an important topic. A traffic survey has been created in order to explore the scope for development around the Ludwigsbrücke and along the western promenade of the Große Isar in particular. Among other aspects, this should demonstrate whether road lanes or parking spaces could be replaced by paths for pedestrians and cyclists. In the medium term, catering establish-ments, toilets, step systems and river balconies could be created on the west-ern bank of the Isar. The Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation has been entrusted with implementation of this project. Restructuring the open spaces on the Museumsinsel and creating consistent signposting throughout the area will only be achievable in the long term due to the Deutsches Muse-um’s master plan. The issue of whether a pool could be created in the Isar river is the subject of a feasibility study.

This two-kilometre stretch of the Isar not only features the Gasteig, the Alpine Museum and the Patent Offices: associations such as Isarlust, the Münchner Forum and Bund Naturschutz also have a stake in the area’s devel-opment, along with numerous district committees, authorities and transport companies. The “Flussrunde” round-table was created to bring all of these stakeholders together in one place to discuss the next steps in the develop-ment. The initial meeting was held in December 2016, and this dialogue has continued in 2017.

The Isar river is a key element of the city’s landscape. Following the renaturation of the southern section, the City Council commissioned creation of a framework plan to enhance the quality of life in the area between the Reichenbachbrücke and the Luitpoldbrücke.

Town and river

The framework plan for the inner-city stretch of the Isar

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RedevelopmentSince 1976, the City of Munich has been actively involved in urban redevelopment projects. Yet redevelopment means much more than simply remedying shortcomings in urban planning. Rather, it focusses on maintaining and improving parts of the city. Reshap-ing open spaces, making energy-related improvements and facili-tating a shared social life are all high priorities.

At present, there are six redevelopment areas and three investiga-tion areas across Munich. In addition to the “Soziale Stadt” pro-gramme, the “Städtebaulicher Denkmalschutz” and “Aktive Stadt- und Ortsteilzentren” funding programmes are also applied in these areas. These programmes are financed by funds from fed-eral government, state government and local communes and pro-vide more intergenerational justice, family-friendliness and integra-tion in urban areas. Münchner Gesellschaft für Stadterneuerung is the restructuring trust for all areas in the city.

Two investigation areas and selected redevelopment areas are presented in detail on the following pages. In each case, integrat-ing residents, local actors and stakeholders in redevelopment pro-cesses is an important component. Aspects of social affairs, health, business, ecology, culture and education are placed on an equal footing with constructional and urban planning issues. The energy-oriented refurbishment and redevelopment of existing buildings in Munich will be a significant challenge for the future.

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Left: The “Mooskito” meeting point for children and young people. Right: The Karl-Marx-Zentrum in Neuperlach.

Neuperlach is currently Munich’s largest investigation area. The district is sit-uated in the city’s east, and was part of the largest residential project in the former West Germany in the 1960s and 70s. The homogeneous structure of the residential buildings, with their uniform and sometimes severe design, not only presents a challenge for urban development but also offers immense possibilities. The focal points of future redevelopments in the area will be to develop future prospects for the large housing estates and their energy-ori-ented refurbishment, to improve the living situation, to make better use of open spaces and to create affordable housing. Solutions must also be found for the sometimes oversized streetscapes, while the Ostpark should also be improved. Urban development funding has already supported the “50 Jahre Neuperlach” celebrations to mark half a century since the district’s construc-tion.

By contrast, the district of Moosach, situated in Munich’s north-west, has a rather diverse, heterogeneous residential structure. Rows of housing extend-ing perpendicular to the road, such as on Karlingerstraße, Gubestraße and Nanga-Parbat-Straße, provide architectural contrast to the older buildings that used to lie at the heart of the district. As a result, particular focus is given to the integrated development of residential settlements from the 1940s to 1960s and creating affordable housing. The district’s former centre is to be reinforced, and more green spaces are to be created. As an initial measure, urban development funding to the tune of € 600,000 is supporting improve-ments to the open spaces in Amphionpark.

A decisive factor in this project’s success is the participation and engagement of local actors and stakeholders. In parallel to the planning work, an intensive campaign is underway to inform the local populace and encourage them to participate in the process, using a range of different media, events and work-shops. A targeted, intercultural approach aims to ensure that under-repre-sented groups’ voices are heard.

Preparatory investigations for potential redevelopments have begun in Neuperlach and Moosach. Subsidy funds from the “Soziale Stadt” programme are to be used to redevelop buildings, enhance green spaces and open areas and integrate local citizens in the process.

Neuperlach and Moosach

Two new investigation areas in Munich

Project informationNeuperlachSize: 497 hectares Residents: 41,000

MoosachSize: 275 hectaresResidents: 24,000

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Visualisation of the design for the development of the Paul-Ottmann-Zentrum, created by two Munich-based offices, GSP Architekten and Rainer Schmidt Landschaftsarchitekten. The image also depicts the concept to enhance the land across the road.

The buildings have become outdated, both in terms of their structure and their design. Inconvenient entrances and out-of-date shopping spaces are the causes of the increasing number of retail spaces lying vacant. There are no facilities where visitors can sit and relax; customers now stay away.

This is now set to change thanks to support from the “Aktive Stadt- und Ort-steilzentren” and “Soziale Stadt” urban development funding programmes. The proprietor of the Paul-Ottmann-Zentrum by Westkreuz plans to construct a new building, based on a realisation competition that concluded in 2015 and was sup-ported by development funds. The new development will feature both residen-tial and retail space, as well as a generous, high-quality local square and meeting place – and will be modern and accessible. Opening the shopping centre up to the street will create an attractive location with a range of possible uses.

The shopping centre on Wiesentfelser Straße is also set to be replaced by a new development that will include a district square with a school, church, maypole and bus stops. There are also intriguing ideas for the Forum am Westkreuz shop-ping area and the local retail centre on Limesstraße. The developments at the four shopping centres will use four different strategies, but are together set to create a balanced variety of sectors with high design quality.

Further aspects of the redevelopment in Neuaubing-Westkreuz include improv-ing the provision of green spaces, the living environment in general and pub-lic spaces, as well as addressing the topic of energy. Along with the two local stores, the area also features Munich’s first “Stadtteillabor” (district workshop), which opened in June 2016 in the Paul-Ottmann-Zentrum as part of the Euro-pean “Smarter Together” project. The “Stadtteillabor” enables local citizens to meet with experts and partners from industry and research to develop tangible solutions for future challenges revolving around urban living.

Urban development funding has been used in Neuaubing- West-kreuz since 2012, with the four shopping centres as a particular focus. These centres should now better fulfil their role as local amenities and become attractive meeting points in the area.

Neuaubing-Westkreuz

Living and shopping in the district


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Left: The newly-landscaped green space on Manzingerweg. Right: Visualisation of Marien-platz in Pasing, created by Auer Weber Architekten.

On 13 May 2017, the third annual Tag der Städtebauförderung (Urban Develop-ment Funding Day), a public ceremony opened the green area on Würminsel. The renovation created a family-friendly leisure space, complete with a play-ground, which is now a perfect spot to relax and wind down. The eye-catch-ing wooden decking along the Würm river invites visitors to take a seat at the water’s edge. The project was supported by the “Aktive Stadt- und Ortsteilzen-tren” urban development funding programme, with the work completed by the Department of Public Construction in under a year.

In October 2015, the realisation competition for the Pasing Marienplatz was awarded. A new building will be built on the formerly municipally-owned site and provide an urban accent. Plans for the building include a hotel and apart-ments. Along with the Pasing Arcaden, this should create an attractive public space, while new retail magnets should enhance the centre of Pasing district.

The City of Munich also created the “aktiv.gestalten” municipal funding pro-gramme to attract private investment. This supports projects relating to the residential environment, the commercial area and urban design in the redevel-opment area. Consultancy is provided by the Münchner Gesellschaft für Stadt-erneuerung – MGS. A marketing and design concept has been created for shop owners, with its use also aided by development funds. For further information on the district’s development, contact the district centre at Gleichmannstraße 5a.

The objective of the “Aktive Stadt- und Ortsteilzentren” urban development programme is to reinforce urban development and the economy in Pasing. Long-standing, small-scale retailers will be supported and an attractive pedes-trian connection created through the existing blocks of buildings. Areas that contribute significantly to the area’s identity, such as Planegger Straße or Kirchplatz Maria Schutz, are set to be improved. The programme has been extended to 2020.

Pasing has changed significantly in recent years. Urban develop-ment funding has been used in the district since 2009. These funds have supported a range of measures – from the design competition for Pasing’s Marienplatz through to the renovation of the green area on Manzingerweg.

Central retail area in Pasing

Identity, nature and retail


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Universally popular: The new green space on Truderinger Straße was opened in 2016 (left).Right: District marketing, Trudering style.

The district of Trudering has seen rapid growth in recent decades. Motorised traf-fic has increased significantly and impacted on quality of life in the district’s grow-ing centre. But that’s not all: the Riem Arcaden and the Neuperlach shopping centre (pep) also created competitive pressure for local retail businesses – and, eventually, the time for action had come.

Back in 2010, a district centre with shopping street management facilities was created at Truderinger Straße 203 as part of the “Aktive Stadt- und Ortsteilzen-tren” funding programme. The district centre continues to serve as a point of contact and makes it possible for local residents to engage in all current aspects of urban development. Furthermore, a project group has been established and awarded funds to support small or temporary initiatives and projects.

Similar to its measures in Pasing, the City of Munich also used the “aktiv. gestalten” municipal funding project to attract private investment to the district of Trudering. In addition, the “Marke Trudering” (Trudering brand) was developed and enhanced with businesspeople and citizens alike, and should ensure that the centre of the Trudering district is a place to do business in future. The initial dis-trict marketing event was held in March 2015. Important aspects for the district’s development include reducing traffic in the area and creating well-connected transport routes around Truderinger Straße, as well as creating more green spaces in the district. The newly-designed green spaces on Truderinger Straße were opened in the summer of 2016. While the space was previously a difficult-to-access, abandoned green area, today the site is a retreat for local residents, a high-quality leisure space.

Progress on the redevelopment will be evaluated in 2017. The City Council will then decide on updating the “Aktive Stadt- und Ortsteilzentren” funding pro-gramme in Trudering.

District centre of Trudering

The local economy and green spaces in focus

Project informationSize: 19.5 hectaresResidents: 530

The modifications and traffic calming measures on Truderinger Straße are key elements of the redevelopment programme in Trudering. Yet urban development funding is also being used to strengthen the local economy – and to create new green spaces.

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31For local residents, the Mittlere Ring is not only a major burden, it is also a sig-nificant barrier, in a similar way to the large commercial area on the former Agfa site. As a result, since 2005, a series of urban development measures and redevelopment projects have been conducted as part of an integrated approach to improve the situation, addressing issues such as transport, noise protection, local amenities, health and education.

Since 2010, the “heart” of efforts to improve green areas and open spaces has been the redevelopment of the Weißenseepark, with intensive involvement of local residents. Since the second construction phase was completed and the space opened in June 2016, the park has offered playgrounds, fitness spaces, peaceful areas and even a BMX track. To establish a range of uses, make the park accessible for all groups in the community and promote a sense of responsibility for the area, the district management of the Münchner Gesells-chaft für Stadterneuerung (MGS) has held a summer programme of events together with the “Regsam” network and the Obergiesing district commit-tee since 2012. The highlight is the annual “Sommer im Park” festival. The third construction phase to improve the Weißenseepark is due to be completed in 2018. The park will then be connected with the centre of the district by Tegern-seer Landstraße via a public green space on the former Agfa site, which cur-rently houses the Giesing car park with an adjacent commercial complex.

The new Giesing Grünspitz has also been welcomed by locals: the green space on Tegernseer Landstraße at the corner of Martin-Luther-Straße was previously used by a car dealer, but is now home to chestnut trees. Since mid-2014, the “Green City” association has used this space to hold gardening events, cultural activities and participation projects together with other local actors.

The Giesing redevelopment area is heavily built up. Green areas and leisure spaces are therefore even more important. Enhancing such spaces has been a key focus of the district’s redevelopment since 2005, using funds from the “Soziale Stadt” urban development funding programme.

Tegernseer Landstraße / Chiemgaustraße

More public green spaces for leisure and relaxation

Left: The Grünspitz is a popular meeting place in Giesing. A range of events and activities take place here. Right: The third construction phase in the redevelopment of Weißen-seepark is currently pending.


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Topics addressed

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n Wohnen für Alle

The “Wohnen für Alle” home-build-ing programme was enacted in March 2016. In this programme, the City of Munich takes into account the grow-ing demand for subsidised housing for low-income demographic groups and is currently seeking to accelerate con-struction of such housing. In total, the “Wohnen für Alle” programme should see construction of around 3,000 af-fordable homes by 2019. The individ-ual home-building projects – which are decentralised and distributed across the entire Munich area – are to be re-alised on both municipal and private land. As well as the municipal hous-ing associations, private developers will also be involved and build around half of the planned homes. The City Council has made state funding of over €135 million available in loans.

n Socially-appropriate land use

The Socially Appropriate Land Use Scheme (Sozialgerechte Bodennut-zung – SoBoN) was introduced in Mu-nich over 20 years ago. The results are impressive: from 1994 to 2016, 150 le-gally-binding development plans were produced according to SoBoN prin-ciples. In total, 46,250 homes have been constructed, with approximately 12,000 of these subsidised. Moreo-ver, almost 16,000 places have been financed in crèches, kindergartens, day-care centres and primary schools. The City Council had in 1994 elected to have development beneficiaries, i.e. developers and investors share the costs and charges incurred through ur-ban land-use planning. Yet these as-pects cannot be funded completely from general budgetary resources. Since then, the SoBoN scheme has been applied consistently for all ur-ban development planning in the city. As a result, the development benefi-ciaries share the planning and produc-tion costs as well as costs to create

access roads, public amenities such as day-care centres and primary schools, green spaces and compensation areas, or undertake to create such facilities themselves. In addition, a minimum of 30% of newly-awarded residential building rights are currently granted for socially-appropriate home building, which also guarantees social diversity even in newly-built districts. The regular ongoing dialogue with the construction and property industry has, in the past, served to guarantee the success of So-BoN, which will therefore be updated in future to ensure socially-responsi-ble urban development in Munich.

n Municipal housing associations

The Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation oversees the municipal housing associations GWG and Gewofag. The associations cur-rently own around 61,300 homes, of which around 23,000 are subsidised. This represents around 7.5% of the to-tal housing stock in Munich. These associations are therefore of grow-ing socio-political and ecological sig-nificance. They promote innovative home-building and secure appropri-ate, reasonably-priced housing in Mu-nich, in particular for the middle and lower income brackets, as well as for groups of the population who would otherwise have limited access to the private property market. The business purpose of GWG and Gewofag is to provide secure, safe and socially-re-sponsible housing. Consequently, the municipal housing associations serve to some extent as a regulator on the constantly overstretched Munich hous-ing market. The strategic and oper-ationalised objectives of GWG and Gewofag are conducted at all times in the context of the City of Munich’s housing policy action programmes, and updates to these programmes are agreed by the City Council. From 2018, the two associations aim to build a joint total of 1,250 homes per year.

n Community building

Housing cooperatives and commu-nity building ventures play an impor-tant role in creating more affordable housing in Munich. They contribute to sustainable settlement development, place high value on ecological con-struction and co-determination, and address the growing interest in cus-tomised communal housing types.

In the past ten years, more than 1,500 homes have been built by housing co-operatives and around 700 by com-munity building ventures on municipal land, or are currently in the planning stages. With upcoming municipal residential developments in Frei-ham and the former Bayernkaserne, housing cooperatives and commu-nity building ventures can also ex-pect to play a role in major projects in future. The City of Munich sup-ports their commitment through a range of measures, and makes 20 to 40% of the land in large residential de-velopment areas available for com-munity-oriented housing projects.

Community-oriented building and liv-ing is recommended as an attractive and often more economical alterna-tive to housing offered by commer-cial developments. The members of a joint building venture, gener-ally the future residents of the prop-erty, come together at a very early stage and plan the project together. Housing associations, on the other hand, aim to supply their mem-bers with inexpensive housing with-out chasing capital appreciation.For anybody who would be inter-ested in founding a community-ori-ented construction project or who would like to participate in such an initiative, the central point of con-tact for such issues is the Mitbauzen-trale at Schwindstraße 1, close to Theresienstraße U-Bahn station.

Wohnen für Alle // Socially-appropriate land use // Municipal housing associations // Community building

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Preservation statutes // Conceptual rental housing // European work

n Preservation statutes

There are few other German cities as dedicated to retaining reasonably priced housing and expanding the port-folio of municipally-owned housing as the City of Munich. One important in-strument in protecting existing housing against repurposing and luxury refur-bishment are the preservation statutes pursuant to § 172 Baugesetzbuch (Ger-man Town and Country Planning Code). In areas where preservation statutes apply, all planned modernisation work must also be approved by the city’s Department of Social Services, Office for Housing and Migration. The aim of this is to prevent luxury refurbish-ments, which often result in tenants being displaced, and to retain the com-position of the residential population. Areas subject to preservation statutes are always areas or districts in which the housing stock demonstrates a cer-tain potential for appreciation. How-ever, in such cases, the preservation statutes are not an instrument by which to protect individual tenants, and are rather intended to monitor the con-stitution of the residential population, if this is required for specific urban plan-ning reasons (environmental protec-tion). Since March 2014, the process of converting a property into condomini-ums has also been subject to addi-tional approval. Preservation statutes are restricted to five years. If required, such statutes are inspected before their expiry with a view to being reis-sued. As of June 2017, there are 21 preservation statute areas, in which 261,000 residents live in 146,000 homes.

n Conceptual rental housing

The City of Munich is breaking the mould when awarding land to develop-ers: in order to improve the situation on the housing market, in 2013 the City Council approved a decision of princi-ple containing measures to combat ris-ing land prices and to promote more

stable rents. An important element of this is Konzeptioneller Mietwohnungs-bau, a conceptual rental housing plan. As part of this model, 40% of a site area can be sold for construction of rental housing with certain long-term commitments. At the same time, the City of Munich does not instigate a price competition, and instead sells the land at its current market value. This figure tends to be lower than usual be-cause the municipal evaluation of the land takes into account the commit-ments linked to the property. The land is then awarded to the developer that presents the most convincing concept in the tender process (concept tender process).

Konzeptioneller Mietwohnungsbau is not a funding programme, and is exclu-sively engaged in encouraging the pri-vately-funded construction of rental housing. The combination of awarding land at its market value and the accom-panying commitments act as a depres-sant on the land value. As a result, the economic viability of the project is as-sured for the developer, despite the re-duced land prices. As this model was completely unique anywhere in Ger-many, there was no prior experience to indicate how the project might fare. Therefore, three initial pilot projects were started for 700 homes: on the site of the former Prinz-Eugen-Ka-serne, at Messestadt Riem and at Parkstadt Schwabing. In these pilot projects, the stipulations and commit-ments – as intended – led to a reduc-tion in the land prices. They were between 35% and 50% below the market value for housing plots that are sold without any commitments or con-ditions attached. Further projects then followed. The result: despite the signifi-cant commitments and conditions, the Konzeptioneller Mietwohnungsbau programme was well-received by de-velopers and housing associations and was therefore continued.

n European work

The development of the City of Mu-nich has long been accompanied by the implications of European integra-tion. The Department of Urban Plan-ning and Building Regulation therefore assists in representing the city’s in-terests on a European and national level, and is also an active partner in the context of European cooperation. The work conducted in networks such as the Association of German Cities (Deutscher Städtetag) and Eurocities is particularly important. The policies of the European Union relating to cit-ies and urban issues can only be in-fluenced at an earlier stage through collaboration. What is more, in these times of rapid change, cities can bet-ter effect positive urban development when they learn from one another. Consequently, the City of Munich also participates in working groups and projects with other cities. This ex-change is supported and promoted by knowledge networks, such as the Eu-ropean Urban Knowledge Network and the Urban Platform Danube Re-gion, as well as by national platforms like the German Institute for Urban Af-fairs (Deutsches Institut für Urbanis-tik), which offers practical knowledge on all aspects of urban development.Moreover, the European pilot project LOS_DAMA! (Landscape and Open Space Development in Alpine Metro-politan Areas) supports the common development of open spaces in the metropolitan municipalities of the Al-pine region. The Department of Ur-ban Planning and Building Regulation hopes that, through this collabora-tion with partners from Germany, Aus-tria, France, Italy and Slovenia, it can meet its greatest challenges. How can urban areas in the Alpine region be maintained, protected and devel-oped between the priorities of resi-dential development, local recreation, transport, nature conservation, agri-culture and forestry, among other as-pects? How can these regions meet

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Schul- und Kita-Bau 2020 action programme // Sustainable urban planning and climate-conscious urban development // Construction supervision

new societal requirements? And how can they involve their popula-tions in this work? Pilot projects in Salzburg, Vienna, Ljubljana, Trento, Turin, Grenoble and Munich aim to reveal transferable approaches. In Munich, the City authorities are col-laborating closely with regional ac-tors. The initial event for this project was held on 31 May and 1 June 2017.

n Schul- und Kita-Bau 2020 action programme

The sustained population growth in Munich is also clearly noticeable in the area of schools and day-care facili-ties. In November 2014, the action pro-gramme “Schul- und Kita-Bau 2020” was initiated – and is the largest pro-gramme for the construction of com-munal education facilities in Germany. In the coming years, the City of Mu-nich will invest billions of euros in the construction, expansion and refurbish-ment of schools and day-care facilities.

Preparatory bodies in the form of the “Arbeitsgruppe Ausbauoffensive Kindertageseinrichtungen” (Working Group on the Day-Care Facility Expan-sion Campaign) and the “Arbeitsgruppe Schulbauoffensive” (Working Group on the School Building Campaign) were established by Mayoress Christine Strobl in 2009 and 2013 respectively. These bodies are composed of repre-sentatives from all relevant municipal departments: the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation for ur-ban planning issues and aspects of building law; the Department of Public Construction for the technical realisa-tion of construction projects; the Department of Education and Sports for issues of demand and pedagogical requirements; the Department of Com-munal Services and the Department of Finance and Budget for issues of fi-nancing, as well as the Department of Social Services. By 2030, around 45 schools should be built in this manner

– from primary schools to schools for children with special educational needs to grammar schools. For day-care of small children, an additional 750 new nursery places and 1,060 new kinder-garten places were built in 2016.

n Sustainable urban plan-ning and climate-cons-cious urban development

Sustainability in urban planning and cli-mate-conscious urban development are relevant to all projects of the De-partment of Urban Planning and Build-ing Regulation. As a member of the Climate Alliance, the City of Munich has set itself the target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by around 50% by the year 2030. To achieve this target, 55 measures have been drawn up. They range from procuring elec-tric cars for the municipal vehicle fleet to integrating aspects of sustainability in development plans. For urban plan-ners, sustainability in the sense of a joint consideration of ecological, eco-nomic, social and built environment issues means taking all of these as-pects into account to achieve bal-anced, sustainable urban planning. In addition, in 2016 the Committee for Urban Planning and Building Regula-tion approved development of a sys-tem for planning energy usage which, together with other instruments, aims to achieve the following: urban areas with energetic irregularities should be identified and affordable housing should also be secured with regards to energy costs. Planning processes should be accelerated and a monitor-ing system should provide information on the energetic status of Munich buildings. The City of Munich also has a range of concepts and individual plan-ning instruments, partial (spatial and specialist) aspects of which relate to climate change and energy planning. However, a central link between them is missing. This function is undertaken by the energy usage plan (Energienut-

zungsplan) in order to facilitate sustain-able energy planning that integrates all aspects on a general municipal level, using a self-consistent database that can also be updated.

n Construction supervision

Each construction project in this re-port requires a final building permis-sion. The Bavarian building regulations ensure that a ceiling will not collapse – even if the building is on fire. Compli-ance with these regulations is ensured by the staff at the Lower Construc-tion Regulatory Authority (Untere Bauaufsichtsbehörde) in the Building Authority (Lokalbaukommission – LBK).

The Lokalbaukommission has ap-proved construction projects for more than 41,000 housing units between 2012 and 2016. In 2016, at almost new 10,000 housing units, home construc-tion reached a level last seen when Munich hosted the Olympic Games.

Building work in an already densely-populated city often results in con-flicts. An area’s existing residents often consider constructional changes in their vicinity as an intrusion and in-terruption. The Lokalbaukommission processes 6,000 construction super-vision processes every year in this strained environment. Either the de-veloper complains because they have not achieved what they wanted – or lo-cal residents complain when they be-lieve a project that the authorities can or must approve to be excessive. The Lokalbaukommission always plays the role of mediator in this conflict be-tween implementing the requirements of building regulations, ensuring the compliance of parties involved in con-struction and taking into account the expectations of the society in a grow-ing city place on “their authorities”. Transparency and dependability, but also swiftness and decisiveness are qualities demonstrated by the

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Architectural conservation // Nature conservation

Lokalbaukommission and the bod-ies it serves. The Lokalbaukommis-sion uses on-site spot inspections not only to ensure safety in construc-tion, but also to implement new top-ics, such as accessibility or compliance with energy standards, to name but a few of their areas of responsibility.

n Architectural conservation

Munich boasts a wealth of listed build-ings, with the spectrum extending from the Löwenturm on Rindermarkt dating back to the 15th century through to the BMW tower on Petuelring. As-signing this protected status is the task of the Lower Architectural Conserva-tion Authority (Untere Denkmalschutz-behörde), located in the Department of Urban Planning and Building Regulation. For a city like Munich, architectural con-servation is undertaken as a matter of course. After all, identity and a sense of “home” are strongly influenced by buildings and their integrity. A view into the future is only provided through the kaleidoscope of the past. Though opin-ions may vary when it comes to spe-cific issues, the key significance of architectural conservation is undis-puted even 40 years after the Bavarian Architectural Conservation Law (Baye-risches Denkmalschutzgesetz) was passed. In addition to the roughly 7,000 individ-ual listed buildings and 76 groups of listed buildings from past architectural eras, buildings from the post-war years (the 1950s, 60s, and 70s) deserve spe-cial consideration. The Bavarian State Office for Architectural Conservation (Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalp-flege) is responsible for awarding listed building status, while the Lower Archi-tectural Conservation Authority is re-sponsible for ensuring compliance with this legislation. In 2016, the Lower Architectural Conservation Authority dealt with 2,300 architectural conserva-

tion permission processes and around 800 building permit processes for ad-vertising structures which involved is-sues of architectural conservation. They also provided 5,000 individual consul-tancy sessions.

n Nature conservation

Around 19% of Munich’s urban space consist of protected areas, the larg-est of which are the Englischer Garten and the Isarauen. All protected areas in Munich are integrated in a protected area concept. This include regular monitoring of these areas and natu-ral monuments, with over 500 mon-itoring visits conducted every year. For flora-fauna-habitat areas, the Lower Nature Conservation Author-ity (Untere Naturschutzbehörde), which is assigned to the Depart-ment of Urban Planning and Build-ing Regulation, reports to Brussels and is involved in producing manage-ment plans for these areas. If a tree has to be cut down, the Lower Na-ture Conservation Authority weighs the matter up first. Almost every tree af-fected is taken into account and a so-lution for its conservation sought. The Lower Nature Conservation Au-thority also includes the Green Space Expert Team (Team Grüngutachten), which is responsible for the “green” aspects of the building permission pro-cess. The submitted tree population plans or open space design plans are generally also examined in site vis-its. If a building plan is located outside the city centre, the so-called mitiga-tion regulation (Eingriffsregelung) ap-plies. This requires developers to offset appropriately any newly paved areas or trees felled as part of their project. These offsetting areas are managed through an environmental land register. The Local Nature Conservation Author-ity is also tasked with monitoring the requirements of national, European and international law. This legislation

relates, for example, to shows, zoos and private individuals and ranges from exotic birds to rare spiders and fish to rhinoceroses. The Lower Nature Con-servation Authority monitors around 2,000 cases with private and com-mercial owners every year, and con-ducts the designation and registration process in line with the Federal Ordi-nance on the Conservation of Spe-cies (Bundesartenschutzverordnung).

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Image credits

All parts of this publication are copyright protected. Any use is prohibited without the prior approval of the City of Munich (LHM). – Page 5: LHM – Pages 6 and 7: Edward Beierle – Page 9: Maurer und Sigl – Page 10: Studio Rio – Page 11: Urban Catalyst Studio – Page 12: Zillerplus Architekten und Stadtplaner, Lex Kerfers Landschaftsarchitekten / GWG – Page 13: Lukas Barth / LHM – Page 14: Michael Nagy / LHM (left), Anja Wechsler – Page 15: LHM – Page 16: Gert F. Goergens – Page 17: Hollwich Kushner Architecture (right), LHM – Page 18: Michael Nagy / LHM (left), Yves Krier – Page 19: Leonie Baumeister (left), Michael Nagy / LHM – Page 20: Klaus D. Wolff / Münchner Gesellschaft für Stadterneuerung (MGS) – Page 23: AllesWirdGut Architektur, DnD Landschaftsarchitekten / Gewofag (top left), LHM (top right), Felix + Jonas Architekten, Mahl Gebhard Konzepte / GWG (bottom left), LHM (bottom right) – Pages 24 and 25: Christin Büttner – Page 26: Edward Beierle (left), Max Dudler, Hilmer & Sattler and Albrecht, Adelheid Schönborn – Page 27: Meck Architekten, Studio B Landschaftsarchitektur / BLV Objekt Pasing GmbH (left), Allmann Sattler Wappner, Realgrün Landschaftsarchitekten / BLV Objekt Pasing GmbH – Page 28: Rapp Architekten with Müllerblaustein und Brüggemann / GWG – Page 29: Michael Heinrich – Page 30: Bayerische Hausbau – Page 31: Vadim Kretschmer – Page 32: 03 Architekten – Page 33: Teleinternetcafe, TH Treibhaus – Page 35: LHM – Page 36: Auer Weber / Deutsche Bahn – Page 37: Stephan Hauff / DB Netz AG – Page 38: LHM – Page 39: Jürgen Dudowits / sunpatrol – Page 40: Henn Architekten, Topotek 1 Landschaftsarchitekten / BMW – Page 41: der Pinakothek der Moderne (left), Geschäftsstelle Kunstareal München – Page 42: Mahl Gebhard Konzepte – Page 44: LHM (left), Ben Kuhlmann – Page 45: GSP Architekten, Rainer Schmidt Landschaftsarchitekten / SBI GmbH – Page 46: LHM (left), Auer Weber Architekten – Page 47: Edward Beierle / MGS – Page 48: Jonas Nefzger / MGS

Imprint

Publisher

City of MunichDepartment of Urban Planning and Building RegulationBlumenstraße 31, 80331 Munichwww.muenchen.de/planProject management

Petra Fröschl (editing), Sabrina RottCopy-editing

Susann WaldmannConcept, design

Christian Hölzl, Johanna Hermenau; HUND B. communication, MunichTranslation

Baker & Harrison, MunichPrinting

G. Peschke Druckerei GmbH

Munich, July 2017

www.muenchen.de/plan

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