Projects and vision of DeltaSync, floating urban developments
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Transcript of Projects and vision of DeltaSync, floating urban developments
Corporate profileINTRODUCTION
DeltaSync is a leading specialist in the field of floa-
ting urbanization. We provide consulting and design
services and innovative solutions for delta areas.
As an interdisciplinary think tank, we develop and
implement flood proofing strategies.
By taking an integrated approach, that combines ana-
lysis, design and realisation, DeltaSync acts as a cata-
lyst of visionary plans. Ideas or strategies are quickly
taken to the next level, by providing technically fea-
sible and aesthetically, economically and socially res-
ponsible solutions. In relation to this, sustainable de-
velopment is a key aspect on all scales, from a single
building to a complete city.
Currently, for the first time in human history the
amount of people that live in urban areas is larger than
the amount that live in rural areas. The degree of ur-
banization is expected to rise further towards 70% in
the 21st century. This growth will for a considerable
part take place in low-lying deltas that are vulnera-
ble to flooding and climate change. Already there is a
shortage of space and cities rely completely on exter-
nal sources for food, water and energy. With the incre-
asing scarcity of resources there is a growing need for
cities to be more self-sufficient.
Therefore there is a great need for new sustainable
flood-proof concepts for urbanization of delta areas.
Constructing floating buildings is a promising solution.
It enables multi-functional use of space in densely po-
pulated areas, without further increasing flood risk. A
good example of such a concept is the floating city.
This concept can only be developed by investigating
different scale levels in conjunction, ranging from buil-
ding level, neighbourhood level to city level. To ensure
that it is actually implemented, it is important that the
feasibility, spatial integration and social aspects are
fully included in the analysis and design.
mISSION
DeltaSync’s mission is to design and develop the first
self-sufficient floating city in the world. The realization
of the Floating Pavilion in Rotterdam, the largest public
floating building in the Netherlands, is the first milesto-
ne towards achieving this mission.
vISION CORpORATe vALUeS
DeltaSync reflects the following values:
• Sustainability
DeltaSync recognizes its responsibility towards our
planet and acknowledges that preservation of the
world’s resources and ecosystems for present and fu-
ture generations is of major importance. Sustainability
is therefore an integral part of all projects. DeltaSync
strives to create a balance between the needs of the
users and the environment and develops innovative
techniques and concepts to provide buildings with lo-
cal water and energy resources.
• Creativity and Innovation
Creativity and innovation play an important role in the
company. Innovation and the search for new unex-
pected solutions are important drivers in DeltaSync’s
work. Problems are analyzed from different view-
points and the solutions integrate water management,
sustainable development, architecture and spatial
planning into multidisciplinary proposals.
• Collaboration
DeltaSync believes in collaboration between resear-
chers, designers, entrepreneurs and government
agencies to obtain new insights and solutions in or-
der to contribute to the challenges cities in delta areas
are facing. In an early stage partners are involved and
consortia are formed. Within these partnerships, inte-
grated and multidisciplinary knowledge is developed.
FLOATING URBANIZATION:
• Is a unique and promising growth market
• Creates new space in densely populated areas
• Combines urban development and water retention
• Is a safe and climate proof solution
• Offers urban flexibility and movable buildings
• Is easily combined with sustainable technology such
as light weight construction and self-sufficient systems
2
KNOWLeDge AND eXpeRTISe
DeltaSync has specialized in all aspects of floating ur-
banization. The past years we have developed speci-
alist knowledge in several areas. We excel in the inte-
gration of water management, design and technology.
Examples of our expertise with respect to floating
construction and flood proof development are the fol-
lowing:
Technology and engineering
• Floating and flood proof construction
• Structural design
• Building technology
• Water management
Architecture and design
• Architectural design
• Strategic visions
• Spatial integration
• Concept development
Socio-economic
• Feasibility and business cases
• Legal aspects, legislation and regulation
• Collective private commissioning
environmental
• Energy and water supply
• Sustainable development
• Water and mobility
Similar to other design and consultancy firms, we pro-
vide design and consultancy services of good quality
at a competitive price. DeltaSync distinguishes itself
by an integrated approach in which analysis, design
and implementation are combined. At an early stage,
we engage in conversation with all stakeholders inclu-
ding local authorities, water authorities and utilities.
This approach avoids unnecessary delays and guaran-
tees the feasibility of our innovative solutions.
AppROACH
DeltaSync’s core qualities are the ability to initiate and
realise complex projects, specialist knowledge and an
integrated approach to analysis, design and social pro-
cesses. This enables us to come to surprising and in-
novative, but also feasible solutions. Many of our pro-
jects are self-initiated. The most notable example is
the Floating Pavilion in Rotterdam: an iconic project in
the field of climate adaptation, which is currently being
used as the National Water Centre.
CORe QUALITIeS
3
Floating City FUTURe vISION
The Floating City is a concept for sustainable, in-
novative urbanization in a densely occupied delta
area. It is a climate robust solution for urban de-
velopment. In contrast to conventional urbaniza-
tion, the Floating City can cope with water level
fluctuations. Thus, it is a city without flood risk. In
this project special attention was paid to themes
of sustainability and mobility. The project received
the first prize in the international Royal Haskoning
Delta Competition.
CLIENT: Royal Haskoning Deltacompetition
LOCATION: IJmeer, NL
DESIGN: 2006
The Floating City is combined with the construction of
a floating highway between Amsterdam and Almere.
Part of the building, which is located beneath the
water surface, serves as parking space. The Floating
City is self-sufficient in terms of water and energy
supply. Water is either collected through rain water
harvesting or can be drawn from the large reservoir
on which the city floats. Positioning the city on a
large body of water also provides opportunities for
implementing thermal energy storage systems.
4
Floating PavilionROTTeRDAm
Initiated by DeltaSync, the Floating pavilion is in-
tended as a pilot for building on water and a first
step towards floating urbanization. The urban de-
velopment of unprotected areas outside the dikes is
of major importance to the city of Rotterdam. With
this project the municipality of Rotterdam takes
a pioneering role in climate adaptation and delta
technology.
Rotterdam has started the (re)development of the
City Ports, consisting of 1600 ha of unprotected land
and water. The Floating Pavilion demonstrates how
cities can pro-actively adapt to the effects of climate
change. It has been located in the Rijnhaven until 2015
and afterwards will be floated towards another loca-
tion. The building is used as exhibition and conference
space and hosts the National Water Centre.
CLIENT: Municipality of Rotterdam
LOCATION: Rotterdam, NL
PARTNER: PDA
DESIGN: 2009
REALISATION: 2010
5
6
Indoor climate concept
The floating pavilion features a demand-driven cli-
mate system: at every moment in time the climate
conditioning is carefully matched to the function and
number of people of each space. A lot of energy and
material is saved by putting it only where it’s needed.
Solar transmission is regulated by applying reflective
printing to the foil. To prevent over-heating in summer,
large parts of the top and bottom of the domes can be
opened to create a stack effect, which provides a re-
freshing breeze without using mechanical ventilation.
Cooling with solar heat
Vital parts of the building, such as the auditorium, are
situated within an insulated inner shell. In this area ad-
ditional measures have been taken to achieve an ener-
gy efficient indoor climate. Solar heat is used to cool.
This sounds contradictory, but it relies on a common
process used by our skin to cool our body: transpira-
tion. The evaporation of liquid on the surface of our
skin extracts heat from our body. In the floating pavi-
lion the ventilation air is dried by a sorption material.
When water is added it evaporates and cools down
the air. It is then regenerated by heat from solar col-
lectors. Obviously, during cold days the solar panels
are used as a regular heating device.
‘Cathedral effect’
Phase Change Material (PCM) are a high-tech substi-
tute for thick masonry walls. Similar to the heavy walls
of an old church, that remains cool on a summer day,
PCM’s provide a latent heat store. The difference is
that the energy is absorbed by the material changing
from one phase to another. This energy-intensive pro-
cess results in a lightweight alternative to its ancient
predecessor.7
Floating villasHARNASCHpOLDeR, DeLFT
For two private customers a design has been made
for a floating villa in the Harnaschpolder in Delft.
The villas conform to the objectives of the clients
and at the same time seek mutual similarity.
Living on water appeals to the imagination. No less than
30% of the Dutch population regards this new residential
concept as a serious option. The ‘waterhome’ is rapidly
developing into a mature house typology, with all con-
veniences you would find in a conventional house and a
unique location on the water.
The relation between the villas and the water are a key
aspect of the design, both visually and physically. The ter-
races are right near the water and in one of the villas the
water even enters the building in the form of a pool and
cascade. Another aspect that is especially important for
water homes is privacy. The water doesn’t allow one to
put up simple fences or plant trees. Therefore, privacy
has been an integral part of the design.
CLIENT: private individual
LOCATION: Delft, NL
DESIGN: 2010
8
Floating homesHARNASCHpOLDeR, DeLFT
The city of Delft is developing floating houses in
the new neighbourhood Harnaschpolder. Floating
buildings are still a unique construction method
and even more so in the Harnaschpolder, where
private individuals are collectively building their
own dream house. Six sustainable waterhomes
will be developed in a water retention area. The
municipality of Delft cooperates with DeltaSync
and future residents in the development and rea-
lisation of this project.
Collective private development is an alternative to
large scale real estate development. The involvement
of the future residents in the development stimulates
quality and variety in urban development plans. In this
project DeltaSync has been hired to assist the future
residents in the design, and to advice on sustainability
and technical floating construction issues. A strategy
has been developed with building principles and res-
traints, subdivision plans and solutions for access and
parking. Cooperation between the different stakehol-
ders and the enormous commitment of the future re-
sidents was crucial.
CLIENT: Municipality of Delft
LOCATION: Delft, NL
DESIGN: 2010
Preliminary design studies
9
10
Blue RevolutionWith the predicted scarcity of water, fossil fuel and
food resources, the necessity to develop floating
cities is greater than ever before. The current food
crisis - almost 1 billion people suffer famine today
- shows that world food production systems have
trouble keeping up with rapid increase of global po-
pulation and prosperity. Agricultural productivity is
lagging because prime resources, water, phosphates
and fossil fuels, are under pressure. At the same time
increased urbanization will swallow up nearly a fifth
of the fertile croplands by the end of this century.
Food scarcity is, above all, a land scarcity issue. If part
of the future urbanization and food demand can be met
by relocating it on the oceans, a sustainable solution can
be offered. Floating food cities even have several additi-
onal benefits. Nutrients that are wasted by conventional
cities can be reused to grow algae, fish and crops on
water. The risk of flooding will be averted and oppor-
tunities are created to apply new technologies of water
and energy production.
Especially now, in times of crises, a new and convin-
cing perspective that enables us to correct the errors
of cities on land is vital. In order to create cities where
people can live truely more sustainable and with a clear
conscience.
11
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Seasteading Implementation PlanReSeARCH AND pReLImINARy DeSIgN
During this project DeltaSync developed a concept
implementation strategy, a preliminary design and cost
calculation model for The Seasteading Institute. The
Seasteading Institute is working on enabling seastead-
ing communities - floating cities - which will allow the
next generation of pioneers to peacefully test new ideas
for government. The implementation strategy consist-
ed of a growth strategy, an estimation of the degree
of independence, an overview of the required location
characteristics, a location analysis and a cost calcula-
CLIENT: The Seasteading Institute, USA (CA)
LOCATION: Anywhere
Growth strategy
tion model. This calculation model integrated not only
the costs for a floating platform but also included a com-
parison between the use of conventional energy and
water supply and the use of alternative energy like solar
power and rainwater. The preliminary design included a
multi-layer approach integrating spatial layout, movabil-
ity, seakeeping, comfort and structural characteristics.
13
14
RijnhavenparkROTTeRDAm
In cooperation with the INHolland University of
Applied Sciences, DeltaSync developed a master-
plan for redevelopment of the ‘Rijnhaven’ harbor
in Rotterdam. A floating park, consisting of islands
that host a great variety of functions: flexible office
space, sport facilities, a swimming pool, a floating
market, restaurants and a theatre. The ambition is to
create a future proof concept for floating recreation.
Local inhabitants, companies and students are in-
volved in the realization of this plan. They will take
part in management, programming and development,
which adds to the sense of community. The floating is-
lands are constructed from economically standardized
elements. The fact that the islands are floating gives
the opportunity to create a flexible urban plan, which
can be realized in several phases and can be adapted
to future developments.
CLIENT: Stichting Rijnhavenpark / INHolland
LOCATION: Rijnhaven, Rotterdam, NL
DESIGN: 2010
The project will generate extra jobs, will stimulate
entrepreneurship and a wide variety of study and
research topics for students of the universities in the
area. The ambition of the Rijnhavenpark is to create an
inspiring and future urban concept that enhances the
reputation of Rotterdam as an innovative, sustainable,
vibrant and livable city.
15
Floating districtpAmpUSHAveN, ALmeRe
The objective of the study is a floating district in Al-
mere pampushaven. This area is available now as a
temporary exposition of a floating district. Floating-
Life has been granted use of pampushaven area for
10 years. After this period various parts of the expo
can be dismantled and moved elsewhere.
Pampushaven area is reserved for 10 years, as a tes-
ting ground for sustainable floating development. The
project aims at exploring new spatial possibilities of
this new kind of urbanization and investigate techno-
logies that enable flexible and self-sufficient cities in
the future. In order to close the metabolic cycle of the
district, the use of natural resources and waste pro-
duction is minimized.
CLIENT: FloatingLife
LOCATION: Pampushaven, Almere, NL
DESIGN: 2011
16
RoadshowWATeR mANAgemeNT IN THe CITy OF THe FUTURe
The Roadshow ‘Water Management in the City of
the Future’ has been developed by DeltaSync in
collaboration with Tauw and Deltares as part of
the Living with Water program. The roadshow is
an interactive workshop where professionals are
challenged to think about future roles and tasks
in the realisation of innovations in the watercity
of the future.
The roadshow has already been organised at various
water boards, a municipality and a housing associa-
tion. Topics of the roadshow include: decentralized
concepts of water management, water as an energy
source, and water proof urban development. The
roadshow consists of the following components
1. Innovative concepts of urban watermanagement
2. New tasks and new roles of water management
organisations
3. Benchmark transition potential
4. Drawing up guiding principles for the transition to more
sustainable water management
UrbanWaterScanFLOOD pROOF URBAN DeveLOpmeNT
The hustle and bustle of everyday life and the rise
of the 24-hour economy creates a growing need
for space, peace and quiet. This leads to the de-
parture of certain income groups out of the cities
to regain rural life near nature and water. Cities
suffer from a decrease in population diversity.
An attractive proposition that cities can offer is the
combination of living quality similar to the countryside
and a short distance to the city. In order to determine
what possibilities exist in regaining population diversi-
fication for cities, DeltaSync developed the UrbanWa-
terScan. This tool gives insight into the qualities and
preconditions that must be met in order to transform
these city locations into suitable water living areas.
Various aspects are studied, such as future flood pre-
dictions and scenarios, water storage demands and
fuctional and spatial qualities.
In commission of the municipality of Arnhem 8 loca-
tions have been examined to determine the top three
suitable locations for urban development on water.
CLIENTS: Waterboard De Dommel
Waterboard Rivierenland
Waterboard Rijnland
Waterkader Haaglanden
Eigen Haard
LOCATION: Anywhere
CLIENTS: Municipality of Arnhem
LOCATION: Arnhem
17
In cooperation with a private investor new con-
cepts for sustainable floating neighbourhoods have
been designed. The aim was to develop inspiring
visions for future floating homes and take the next
step towards floating developments that are more
cost efficient but at the same time energy efficient
and aesthetically pleasing.
In this project an ensemble of five terraced floating
homes was designed. The radial layout provides op-
timal orientation towards sunlight, while at the same
time privacy is realised. An important objective of the
design was to create more comfort than current floa-
ting homes. The large platform prevents oscillation
on the water and the submerged part of the floating
structure is used as a parking area. This enables resi-
dents to park right at their home.
Easy Water Living DeveLOpmeNT
CLIENT: private individual
LOCATION: generic
DESIGN: 2010
18
Floating Utility UnitDeveLOpmeNT
Living on water offers great opportunities for flexi-
ble and sustainable housing, but utilities are cur-
rently a major obstacle in large scale floating urban
developments. A question that remains is how to
supply these neighbourhoods with water, electricity
and communication network facilities. The floating
utility unit provides a flexible framework for delive-
ring local utility services, and at same time provides
floating infrastructure.
The Floating Utility Unit is not to be regarded as a de-
finitive product. It is rather a toolbox that can be utili-
zed at different locations with specific demands. The
consideration of sustainable technology and feasibility
is used as a basic principle. A business enterprise or
foundation exploits the Utility Units, so that from a
user perspective there is hardly any difference with
regular public utilities. This system features plug’n’play
connections and integrated piping and cables provides
a flexible solution to utility services for floating urba-
nization.
CLIENT: Housing Experiments Steering Group (SEV)
LOCATION: generic
DESIGN: 2008
19
With a multidisciplinary team of students and pro-
fessionals of DWA, edifico and Roseliekvandervel-
den, DeltaSync designed a self-sustaining floating
house. This design was an entry in the design com-
petition ‘Duurzaam drijvend wonen’ from stadsdeel
Oost-Watergraafsmeer, Amsterdam.
The floating house is inspired by the symbiotic relation
between tree and fungus. The house is constructed of
two parts: the backbone as the tree and the capsules
as the fungus. The backbone supports the capsules
and transports ‘nutrients’ such as energy, water and
waste. Through symbiosis they form a comfortable
living environment.
The backbone is the core of the house; all fixed func-
tions and installations are located here. The shape of
the backbone is optimised for wind and solar energy
production. The windmill for example produces twice
as much energy as in a normal situation. The house
can be turned so the orientation will always be optimal
for energy production.
The capsules provide free and adaptable space. The
backbone, capsules and floaters are modulAIR, so
the house can adapt to changing needs of the inhabi-
tants. The house is built completely from flexible and
demountable parts. Occupants will become co-owner
of a company, ‘Rent to Recycle’, where the parts are
manufactured and repaired collectively. This will en-
sure that every part will return to its cycle at the end
of its lifespan.
ModulAIRvISION
floor plan
CLIENT: Stadsdeel Oost-Watergraafsmeer
LOCATION: Amsterdam, NL
DESIGN: 2010
20
FloodProBEReSeARCH
FloodproBe is a european research project with
the objective of providing cost-effective solutions
for flood risk reduction in urban areas. FloodproBe
aims to develop technologies, methods and tools for
flood risk assessment and for the practical adapta-
tion of new and existing buildings, infrastructure
and flood defences. This will lead to a better un-
derstanding of vulnerability, flood resilience and
defence performance.
This research supports implementation of the Floods
Directive through the development of more effective
flood risk management strategies. The work is being
undertaken in close partnership with industry, and is
utilising pilot sites across Europe, to help provide prac-
tical industry guidance and cost effective construction
solutions.
The objectives and principal aims are to improve me-
thods for assessing the vulnerability to flooding of the
urban environment, especially by extending conven-
tional methods with the ability to assess indirect im-
pacts of damage to networks and assets with a high
value density.
Better understanding and assessment methods of ur-
ban flood defence performance will help to develop
suitable protection measures and to increase the cost-
effectiveness of future investments. New construction
technologies and concepts are developed and tested
and the results are to be disseminated to support im-
plementation of the EU Flood Directive.
CLIENT: European Union, KP7
PROJECT: 2009-2012
21
multifunctional use is often mentioned as a pro-
mising solution to realise water retention space in
densely populated delta areas. DeltaSync has re-
searched the possibilities for multifunctional use in
Rijnenburg, close to Utrecht, for the Water board
De Stichtse Rijnlanden.
In this project, the possibilities to combine water re-
tention with other functions, such as recreation and
housing, were explored. A specific topic is the reali-
sation of floodproof buildings. A spatial plan is made
with different types of floodproof housing types. The
economical and management feasibility was also in-
vestigated.
Rijnenburg WATeR AND AReA DeveLOpmeNT
CLIENT: Water board De Stichtse Rijnlanden
LOCATION: Rijnenburg, NL
PROJECT: 2011
FLOATING FLOATING IN PEAT
ON STILTS ECO DWELLING MOUND
DRY FLOODPROOFING FLOOD SHELTER22
Water & MobilityReSeARCH
The ‘Water and mobility’ study investigated the
possible contribution of urban water systems in im-
proving accessibility of historic city centres of delta
cities in the Netherlands.
Many cities suffer from severe accessibility problems
and heavy congestion. Expanding the road infrastruc-
ture needs space which is often scarce. The existing
water system offers flexible possibilities to improve
the accessibility of cities. In the Netherlands, water
was the most important mode of transportation un-
til the 19th century. In that period, the train became
more important and many canals were filled in, be-
cause of hygienic problems and water pollution. Ho-
wever, in many cities the main water infrastructure is
still present. In addition, many Dutch cities have plans
to restore the historic water systems.
In eight Dutch cities the feasibility of using the urban
water system for mobility was studied. This was done
in a co-creation approach with the local municipal go-
vernments and included expert interviews and design
workshops. The historic use of water for mobility was
studied by evaluation of historic documents. Subse-
quently, the current use of the water system was eva-
luated and current water retention and accessibility
problems were analysed. Future possibilities to utilize
water systems for better accessibility were developed
by a ‘research by design.’ method. This included tech-
nical feasibility studies and spatial designs of several
alternatives. Finally, general conclusions were made
and the applicability of the results was evaluated.
CLIENT: The Netherlands Architecture Fund
LOCATIONS: 8 Dutch cities
PROJECT: 2009
23
LocationScan Floating Icon CITy pORTS, ROTTeRDAm
In preparation of the development of the Floating
pavilion in Rotterdam a study was conducted on the
relevant spatial, technical and policy aspects with
regard to floating construction. Furthermore, the
City ports area in Rotterdam was investigated, in
order to find the most suitable location for a floa-
ting demonstration project.
The LocationScan has been executed in two phases.
In the first phase, a shortlist of possible locations has
been made through a study on boundary conditions in
the City Ports area. This encompasses physical (depth,
waves) and juridical (ownership, regulations) bounda-
ry condition. In the second phase the most suitable
locations were determined by applying criteria and a
functional analysis of the planning area.
CLIENT: Municipality of Rotterdam
PROJECT: 2008
NEN Advice
In 2009 the Netherlands Standardization Institute
(NeN) initiated a project that aims at developing
new building standards for floating buildings. The
new NTA (Industry Technical Agreement) will fo-
cus on aspects such as structural stability, draught,
canting, accessibility, fire protection and mooring
facilities.
DeltaSync is one of the two design firms that are par-
ticipating in this project and acts as a consultant and
sounding board concerning floating construction. The
initiative was started to help solve issues in current
regulation and legislation. In 2011 the final NTA for
floating structures will be finalized and published. The
aim is twofold: to define boundary conditions where
necessary, but also try and find opportunities to ex-
tend the limits of current legislation.
CLIENT: Netherlands Standardisation Institute (NEN)
PERIODE: 2010-2011
24
Collective CommissionHARNASCHpOLDeR, DeLFT
The city of Delft is planning to develop floating hou-
ses in the Harnaschpolder, a new neighbourhood
close to Den Hoorn. Six houses will be realized in a
water retention area. The municipality of Delft coo-
perates with DeltaSync and future residents in the
design and realisation of this project.
Collective private development is an alternative to
large scale real estate development. The involvement
of the future residents in the development stimulates
quality and variety in urban development plans. In this
project DeltaSync has been hired to assist the future
residents in the design, and to advice on sustainability
and technical floating construction issues. A strategy
has been developed with building principles and res-
traints, subdivision plans and solutions for access and
parking.
Tasks:
• Process management: develop phasing and time
schedule of the project, identifying and engaging key
stakeholders, communication with future residents
• Consultancy: technical advice on floating structures,
construction costs, sustainability, financing and per-
mits, water quality issues and utilities.
• Co-creation: assisting residents in the design and de-
velopment of their personal floating house.
• Design competition: organization of design contest
for students from regional educational institutions.
CLIENT: Municipality of Delft
TIMEFRAME: 2009-2012
Innovative Water ManagementTeCHNOpOLIS, DeLFT
Science park Technopolis in Delft aims to attract
the top businesses, focussing on innovative the-
mes such as energy, water, climate and delta tech-
nology. Consequently it is of great importance to
make these themes visible in the area. DeltaSync
conducted an exploratory study on the potential
contribution of innovative water management to
Technopolis.
The report includes innovations to use water for mo-
bility, as energy source and for floating urbanization.
Sustainable urban water management strategies were
proposed that will contribute to a more sustainable
water system and the international prestige of Tech-
nopolis as a frontrunner on climate adaptation, sustai-
nability and water management.
CLIENT: Science Port Holland
PROJECT: 2010
25
KARINA CZApIeWSKADIReCTOR pROJeCT DeveLOpmeNT
Karina Czapiewska is a specialist in the field
of multidisciplinary area development, pro-
ject management and sustainable develop-
ment. She graduated at the faculty of Archi-
tecture at Delft University of Technology with
a minor in Sustainable Development (TIDO)
and is responsible for business development,
sales and consultancy on feasibility studies,
flood proof area development and living on
water. Since she first learned about the pos-
sibility of floating cities in during her study
she committed herself to realize the first self
supporting floating city in the world.
RUTgeR De gRAAFmANAgINg DIReCTOR
Rutger de graaf is civil engineer and specialist in
the field of floating urbanisation and sustainabili-
ty. He graduated cum laude at the faculty of Civil
engineering of Delft University of Technology.
In 2009 he finished his phD thesis (cum laude)
on innovations in urban water management to
reduce the vulnerability of cities. He holds a
position as professor Adaptive Construction at
the Rotterdam University of Applied Science. At
the company he focuses on water management,
strategy, innovation and sustainable urbaniza-
tion combined with floating constructions.
BART ROeFFeNCReATIve DIReCTOR
As principle architect Bart Roeffen was
in charge of the design and construction
supervision of the Floating pavilion in Rot-
terdam. This is considered to be one of the
leading floating projects and a milestone in
the technological development of floating
urbanization. Advanced 3D technology
was adopted in order to translate spatial
concepts into reality and optimize complex
shapes. Roeffen is driven to innovate con-
struction industry in terms of production
and sustainable development.
BARBARA DAL BO’ ZANONARCHITeCT AND ReSeARCHeR
Barbara Dal Bo’ Zanon graduated at Univer-
sity IUAv of venice with master degree in
‘Sustainable Architecture’. After her gradu-
ation she joined DeltaSync’s team, first as an
intern, and later as employee. She worked
on a project for a floating district in Almere
pampushaven. Her design approach is sus-
tainability driven, developing the project
from the definition of its goals, analyzing
local resources and considering the project’s
impacts and mitigations.
2626
Op vrijdagnacht 26 juni is op het Delft-
seplein, bij het Centraal Station, een
jonge vrouw aangerand en mishandeld.
Rond kwart over één loopt zij achter het
Nationale Nederlanden gebouw langs.
Twee mannen komen haar tegemoet en
een van de mannen spreidt zijn armen,
grijpt haar vast en betast haar. De vrouw
verzet zich en krijgt daarop een kop-
stoot. Ze slaat tegen de grond. De twee-
de man trekt de dader vervolgens mee in
de richting van het Centraal Station. Van
de dader zijn camerabeelden gemaakt,
die worden getoond in de uitzending.
BrandactieDe brandweermannen van kazerne
Baan hebben een bijzonder klusje: ze
gaan rookmelders uitdelen bij huurwo-
ningen in het Oude Noorden. Het is
onderdeel van een grote preventiecam-
pagne in de wijk. Bewoners krijgen
rookmelders en met brandweermannen
maken ze een rondje door de woning
om mogelijke brandonveilige situaties
vast te stellen.
RotterdamS T A D S K R A N T 14 oktober 2009 nummer 42 Pagina 3
Het REVIT-project helpt al ruim vijf
jaar jongeren weer terug de schoolban-
ken in en de werkvloer op. Geestelijk
vader van het project is Frans Dijkman.
Het viel de voormalig havenman op dat
de haven geen afspiegeling meer was
van de Rotterdamse samenleving. Door
de modernisering en de beperkte in-
stroom van mensen was de sector tot
een ‘blank bolwerk’ verworden. Frans
vond dat hier iets aan moest gebeuren:
‘We zijn eerst een rondje gaan maken
langs de werkgevers en instellingen. Al
snel kwamen we erachter dat we de op-
zet klein moesten houden, om die ver-
volgens als een olievlek te laten wer-
ken.’ Dankzij de inzet van het
Havenbedrijf en Bureau Daad (SoZa-
We) en de medewerking van het
Scheepvaart en Transport College en
het Jongerenloket (CWI), kon het plan
gerealiseerd worden. De boodschap
aan de werkgevers in de havenwereld
was duidelijk: ‘De stad heeft altijd veel
voor jullie betekend, betekenen jullie
nu eens wat voor de stad!’
De jongeren die het REVIT-traject in
gaan hebben vaak geen startkwalifica-
ties en zouden anders niet voor een
baan in de haven in aanmerking ko-
men. Frans: ‘We trekken een duidelijk
plan. De eerste drie maanden worden
de jongens intensief begeleid. Als er
problemen thuis zijn komen we bij ze
langs. Zo nodig helpen we bij het zoe-
ken van woonruimte of met schuldsa-
nering.’ Die eerste drie maanden wer-
ken de jongeren voor een
stagevergoeding en krijgen ze één dag
per week les op het STC. Wie het goed
doet, krijgt een aanstelling voor een
half jaar. Na een jaar hebben de jonge-
ren een MBO niveau 2 diploma in han-
den. De jongens die via het Jongeren-
loket binnenkomen, moeten eerst een
selectieprocedure door. Samen met
collega Claudia Strömberg beoordeelt
Frans de kandidaten. ‘Afwijzingen zijn
vaak niet vanwege gebrek aan motiva-
tie of kwaliteit, maar door de benodig-
de Verklaring Omtrent Gedrag. Voor
veel beroepen in de haven is het een
probleem als je vanwege drugs of poli-
tieke vergrijpen in aanraking met justi-
tie geweest bent. Doodzonde, want zo
kun je enthousiaste jongens die ooit
eens drie wietplanten op zolder hadden
staan niet aan een baan helpen.’
Verborgen talentenDe jongens die wel een kans krijgen
pakken die ook met beide handen aan.
Gemiddeld dwingt 70% een contract
af. ‘Er zit heel veel verborgen talent
tussen, je moet ze alleen wel een zetje
geven,’ zegt Claudia Strömberg. ‘In de
klas die we hier vorig jaar hadden wer-
den regelmatig negens en tienen ge-
haald.’ In september zijn er weer 25
jongens begonnen. Erik (20) en Leroy
(21) zijn twee van hen. Tot dusver be-
valt de combinatie van werk en leren
hen prima. Erik: ‘De collega’s zijn
vriendelijk. Net als bij ieder ander be-
drijf moet je natuurlijk wel meegaan
met de flow.’ Beiden hebben al veel
verschillende banen en opleidingen ge-
probeerd, ze herkennen het probleem
dat veel jongeren hebben om school of
werk te vinden. Erik: ‘Het is wel moei-
lijk, maar je moet er gewoon voor
vechten. Het komt echt niet zomaar uit
de lucht vallen.’ Leroy knikt instem-
mend: ‘Soms heb je ook je uiterlijk te-
gen, door tatoeages bijvoorbeeld. In de
haven is dat minder belangrijk, als je
maar goed bent in je werk.’ Een
boodschap voor jongeren zonder
school of werk hebben ze wel: ‘Maak
je school af, dan sta je sterker in de
maatschappij.’
Jongeren krijgen een kans in de haven
TV Veilig: aanranding en brandactie
TV Veilig wordt elke dinsdag uitge-
zonden om 17.35 uur op TV Rijn-
mond en wordt om het uur herhaald.
Bekijk de uitzendingen ook op
www.veilig.mediarotterdam.nl.
Akkoord van RotterdamZeker in tijden van crisis is het voor jongeren belangrijk om met een diploma
de arbeidsmarkt op te gaan. Gemeente, bedrijfsleven en onderwijs hebben
daarom de handen ineen geslagen. Met het Akkoord van Rotterdam wordt een
groot aantal maatregelen ingezet om de economische crisis te bestrijden. Dit
moet de stad de komende jaren zo’n 1.500 extra banen en 2.000 stage- en leer-
werkplaatsen opleveren. Kijk ook op: www.akkoordvanrotterdam.nl.
In de komende uitzending van TV Veilig onder meer aandacht voor eenaanranding en mishandeling van een jonge vrouw.
Fot
o:Ju
rn Q
uadt
Erik (links) en Leroy (rechts) bevalt het prima: vier dagen werken in de haven enéén dagje naar het Scheepvaart en Transport College.
In de Rijnhaven komt komendjaar een opvallend nieuw bouw-werk: een complex van drie drij-vende halve bollen. Het krijgteen hoogte van 12 meter, eentotaal vloeroppervlak van viertennisbanen en is in zijn geheelverplaatsbaar. De eerste vijf jaarzal het klimaatbestendige pavil-joen dienstdoen als expositie-en ontvangstruimte.
Wethouder Bolsius (Haven, Finan-
ciën, Buitenruimte en Organisatie) is
trots op de plannen: ‘Het paviljoen
wordt een nieuw drijvend icoon v oor
de stad, 't is klimaatbestendig, innova-
tief, duurzaam en flexibel. Een eerste
klinkend resultaat van onze ambities
op het gebied van drijvend bouwen.’
In het paviljoen komt naast een expo-
sitieruimte een ontvangstruimte, zegt
Bolsius. ‘En wellicht breiden we het
in de toekomst verder uit met nog
meer modules.’
Het paviljoen verenigt de Rotterdamse
doelen om de uitstoot van het broei-
kasgas CO2 te halveren en om de stad
ook in de toekomst klimaatbestendig
te houden. Het gebouw is door zijn
opvallende vorm zeer herkenbaar en
kan vanaf de Erasmusbrug gezien
worden. Het paviljoen zuivert zijn ei-
gen toiletwater. Wat er dan overblijft,
kan worden geloosd in het oppervlak-
tewater. Bijzonder is ook het folie
waarmee de koepels worden bekleed.
dit zogenaamde EFTE-folie is 100
keer lichter dan glas, wat het heel ge-
schikt maakt voor drijvende gebou-
wen. Het drijvend paviljoen is een
ontwerp van Deltasync/PublicDomain
Architecten en wordt gebouwd door
Dura Vermeer. Het zal worden opgele-
verd in mei 2010.
Drijvende stadswijkenHet drijvend paviljoen is het eerste re-
sultaat van Rotterdam Climate Proof
(onderdeel van Rotterdam Climate
Initiative) om klimaatbestendig te
bouwen in buitendijkse gebieden. De
gemeente heeft plannen voor het bou-
wen van drijvende stadswijken in het
Stadshavensgebien. Mensen zullen in
deze wijken op het water wonen,
boodschappen doen, werken en rec-
reëren.
Meer informatie en foto-impressies op
www.rotterdamclimateinitiative.nl.
Alle gemeenten in deRotterdamse stadsregio gaanéén risicosignaleringssysteemhanteren om problemen vanjongeren te signaleren. Op dezemanier kunnen hulpverlenerssneller ingrijpen en adequatehulp bieden.
Donderdag acht oktober onderteken-
den zestien gemeenten en twintig re-
gionale instellingen het SISA-conve-
nant. Dankzij de verwijsindex ‘SISA’,
wat staat voor Stadsregionaal Instru-
ment Sluitend Aanpak, blijven jonge-
ren beter in beeld en kunnen hulpver-
leners over de gemeentegrenzen heen
signaleren, informeren en activiteiten
op elkaar afstemmen.
Hele regioSISA is al sinds 1999 in Rotterdam
actief. In 2008 leverde dit ruim 2000
cases op waarbij intensief werd sa-
mengewerkt om adequate hulp te bie-
den aan kinderen en hun ouders. Nu
wordt deze samenwerking tot over de
gemeentegrenzen voortgezet: van Ba-
rendrecht tot Brielle en van Schiedam
tot Spijkenisse. ‘Om jongeren goed te
kunnen helpen, is een soepele samen-
werking noodzakelijk tussen alle par-
tijen in de jeugdketen. Het is belang-
rijk dat instanties en professionals
elkaar weten te vinden’, zo zegt de
Rotterdamse wethouder Peter Lamers,
tevens portefeuillehouder stadsregio-
nale jeugdzorg.
Ieder Kind WintDe samenwerking is een onderdeel
van het programma ‘Ieder Kind Wint’.
Dit programma brengt gemeenten en
instanties samen om de hulp en zorg
aan kinderen te verbeteren. Door pro-
blemen sneller te signaleren kan eer-
der worden ingegrepen en kan ook
sneller de juiste zorg aan kinderen
worden geboden.
Kijk voor meer informatie op
www.iederkindwint.nl.
Drijvend icoon voorde stad in Rijnhaven
Hulpverleners in stadsregioslaan handen ineen
Veel jongeren verlaten voortijdig een opleiding en hebben vaakmoeite om werk te vinden. REVIT geeft jongeren zonder startkwali-ficatie de kans om een carrière in de haven op te bouwen. Inmiddelshebben al meer dan 160 jongeren op deze manier de weg naar eenbaan gevonden. Een succesverhaal uit de haven.
Their concept for a Floating City is based on their housing project built on the IJmeer between Amsterdam and Almere in 2007. It won first prize in the Delta Competition, an international prize awarded by the engineering firm of Royal Haskoning for a sustainable solution to the prob-lems caused by climate change in densely populated areas. The Floating City is a futuristic-looking concept that represents sustainable, innovative urban development in densely popu-lated areas. It is adapted to climate change and presents various technologies for sustain-able living, which means that it not only offers solutions for the results of climate change but also for the causes. In an environmen-tally friendly manner, the Floating City will make use of both surface water and rainwater, as well as wind and sun energy. The water offers possibilities for
decentralized energy facilities. With the help of heat pumps, the surface water creates the heating and cooling functions. Deltasync is working with the Stichting Experimenten Volkshuisvesting (SEV) to supply clean drinking water and produce electricity and ‘self-sufficient, floating energy units’, for a certain number of the homes. Floating water homes in watery areas should be easy to link to similar energy facilities.
Shanghai World Expo
With its floating buildings, Deltasync wants to add a new dimension to the area of urban planning. “Building on water, with its multiple land use, offers not only extra capacity but also flexibility in the construction process,” notes Maarten Kuijper of Deltasync. “A floating home is easier to move than a building that is anchored to the ground.”
The plans not only call for homes to be built on a stable floating construction, but also roads, bridges, parking lots and even a complete football stadium. Kuijper explained, “By utilizing floating technolo-gies you remain flexible so that you can start out small and then easily add to that to produce a neighborhood, district or city.” As part of a pilot program for sustainable urban development, Deltasync developed a Floating Pavilion for the Shanghai World Expo 2010. The building, the floating VIP Haven, is, for the most part, self-sufficient, sustain-able and creates new space for the Shanghai metropolis. The design has a distinctive architec-tonic form. The pavilion consists of five bubble-shaped domes which house a large auditorium, a 3D-cinema, an exhibition space and a sky bar, situated on top of the highest sphere.
The design makes extensive use of advanced technologies in the areas of climate design, con-struction and recycling. “The sphere is a natural form with an optimal relationship between total surface area and volume, which delivers energy savings, creates an optimal interior climate and offers stability on the water. The cover of the interior sphere further enhances the desired effects,” Kuijper commented. After the World Expo the build-ing can easily be moved and reused. It may actually end up in Rotterdam’s Harbor district.
Rotterdam’s harbors
Rotterdam has the ambition to become the Clean Tech Delta of Europe. At the end of 2008, the city launched its plans for sus-tainable innovations and floating buildings, complete with an innovative Climate Campus, a
research institute dedicated to energy and water management. The city expects that the invest-ments will be paid back in full because people from all over the rest of the world are already requesting the increased knowl-edge and information. Large por-tions of the world’s people live in low-lying delta regions. The solutions to the problems this produces are big business indeed. Just like many other harbor cities, many businesses are moving out of the city’s harbor districts. The construction of the Tweede Maasvlakte at the mouth of the Maas has sent the trans-shipment companies and related industries further out to sea. This means more room for new homes and offices in these old harbor districts. The plans for 2025 call for the construction of some 5,000 new homes in an old harbor district area measuring some 16 square hectares.
The usual filling in of bodies of water, will instead make way for a floating neighborhood that will arise on the open waters of the Maas river, which has tides that vary about one-and-a-half meters between low and high tide and up to three meters depending on the wind. Because of the dynamic nature of the water, the placement of loose floating homes is not an option here. Larger floating surfaces offer more stability, however. Construction plans for the 2,000 to 3,000 homes to be built on a floating district in the Maashaven are to begin some time after 2010. Because Rotterdam wants to be the number one city in the construction of large-scale, float-ing buildings, some floating mounds will have to be realized before the end of 2009, which will be developed by Deltasync and will include an information center and a café, for instance. <<
The Kraanspoor that lies along Noordelijke IJ-oever wharf in
Amsterdam is already considered an outstanding architec-
tonic tour de force of building with water. This is not unlike
the situation in Rotterdam where industrial companies are
also making way for combined living and working situa-
tions. Crane Track was established in 1952 as a concrete
crane platform along a harbor pier. It was saved from demo-
lition in 1997 by designer Trude Hooykaas and OTH, an exte-
rior and interior architecture agency in Amsterdam, who
identified the structure’s potential for redevelopment and so
they designed a three-story, 12,500-m² glass office building
that appears to float on top of its old concrete base.
The building’s indoor climate is regulated by a double-skin façade with movable louvers and solar-
controlled glazing, whilst openings in the floor and a low-energy mechanical extraction system
provide ventilation. In the summer, Crane Track is cooled by water from the river below and, during
the colder months, the relatively warm water from the IJ is used to preheat the central heating
system. In 2008, The Crane Track won the MIPIM Green Building of the Year Award, the 2008 MIPIM
Special Jury award, the ULI European Award for Excellence and the Urban Land Institute’s (ULI)
Global Award for Excellence. The Award is acknowledged as the world’s most prestigious recognition
platform in the area of land use.
Het Kraanspoor
Deltasync developed a Floating Pavilion for the Shanghai World Expo 2010.
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deTECHNOLOGIEkrant2
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Nederland bestaat voor ongeveer 18 % uit water. ‘Dat is een enorme oppervlakte die nu niet volledig wordt benut’, vindt ir. Bart Roeffen van DeltaSync. Volgens de bouw-kundig ingenieur is dat een gemiste kans, omdat ons land chronisch last heeft van een gebrek aan woonruim-te en tegelijkertijd al het water een plek moet zien te geven. De stijgende zeespiegel en de bodemdaling maken dit probleem alleen maar inge-wikkelder. ‘Om ook in de toekomst veilig te kunnen blijven wonen, is drijvend bouwen een mooie oplos-sing’, redeneert de creatief directeur van het jonge be-drijf uit Delft. In 2006 won Deltasync een prijsvraag van ingenieursbureau Royal Haskoning met het idee voor een drijvende stad, die niet simpelweg uit afzonderlijke waterwoningen zou bestaan, maar uit grote drijfelementen met plaats voor ongeveer zestig woningen.DeltaSync mag nu een proeve van bekwaamheid afleggen achter het terrein van de voormalige Rot-terdamse Droogdok Maatschappij. Hier bouwt het bedrijf een drijvend paviljoen: een tentoonstellings-ruimte, congresgebouw met verga-derzalen, auditorium en openbaar stadsplein in één. Volgens Roeffen is het de eerste keer dat zo’n groot gebouw van 24 bij 46 m op het wa-ter verrijst. Het stadsplein komt nog eens op een apart eiland van 24 bij 24 m. ‘Dit is de eerste stap naar een grotere drijvende stadsuitbreiding’, meent Roeffen. ‘Rotterdam wil zijn havens inrichten met drijvende ge-bouwen. In de Heijse haven aan de Maas doen we de eerste test om te kijken of dat idee levensvatbaar is.’De jonge ondernemers van het in 2006 opgerichte bedrijf zijn ver-plicht om hun twee eilanden met de wal te verbinden. Het stadsplein wordt zelfs verankerd aan twee
Drijvend bouwen is alternatief voor verstedelijking deltagebieden
Rotterdam op de Maas
meerpalen in het water, omdat het Nederlandse Bouwbesluit dezelfde regels aan waterwoningen stelt als aan huizen op het land. Over drie maanden moet het paviljoen al klaar zijn na amper een bouwproces van een jaar. Als het project in Rot-terdam succesvol uitpakt, dan wil DeltaSync ook het open water be-bouwen. Roeffen fantaseert al over een zelfvoorzienende stad met een eigen riolering, drinkwater, energie-voorziening en drijvende wegen.
PolderbaanMaar dr.ir. Jan van Kessel ziet een dergelijke stad niet zo snel in Ne-derland ontstaan. Hij promoveerde begin februari aan de TU Delft op een rekenmodel om grote drijvende constructies op zee te bouwen. ‘We zijn een baggerland dat niets liever dan land opspuit’, legt de scheeps-bouwkundig ingenieur uit, ‘en we zijn geneigd om een techniek te kiezen die we goed kennen.’ Toch onderzocht hij of de 3,8 km lange en 160 m brede Polderbaan, de langste landingsbaan van Schiphol,
ook drijvend kan worden uitgevoerd. Tot nu toe was zo’n lengte ondenkbaar, omdat de landings-baan doormidden zou breken door de kracht van de gol-ven op zee.
Van Kessel bedacht dat luchtkus-sens deze buiging wel eens zouden kunnen verminderen. De drijvende Polderbaan kreeg daarom de vorm van een omgekeerde schoenendoos, met wanden van 65 m lang die in het water lagen. De luchtkussens onder de 25 m dikke stalen bodem van de doos zorgen dan voor het drijfvermogen. Bovendien vangt de lucht in de kussens de golven in het water op, waardoor de druk op de landingsbaan constant blijft.De promovendus kreeg gelijk: met een luchtkussen blijkt het buigmo-ment 64 % kleiner. Toch is zo’n sta-len Polderbaan nog niet reëel. Vol-gens Van Kessels berekeningen gaat namelijk niet de baan zelf, maar de bodem onder de wanden scheuren. ‘Met meer staal, hoogtesterktestaal of een andere opstelling van de luchtkussens zou het wel haalbaar zijn’, denkt de kersverse promo-vendus, die inmiddels productont-wikkelaar is bij het offshorebedrijf GustoMSC in Schiedam, ‘maar ik heb alleen een rekenmodel gemaakt voor toekomstige constructies en
geen ontwerpen getest.’Luchtkussens blijken niet nodig in rustig water, zoals in Rotterdam, waar de buigmomenten met een normale constructie op te vangen zijn. Het systeem dat DeltaSync gebruikt is Flexbase, voortgekomen uit een samenwerking tussen Dura Vermeer en Unidek. EPS-blokken worden op het water met elkaar verbonden, zodat een drijvende werkvloer ontstaat. Na dit twee à drie lagen herhaald te hebben, komt vervolgens een laag met uitsparin-gen, zodat een grid ontstaat. Dit wordt volgestort met beton, omdat EPS alleen niet stevig genoeg is. Ten slotte komt aan de zijkanten een be-schermlaag van prefabbeton en aan de bovenkant een betonnen vloer.Het paviljoen, een geodetische koe-pelconstructie, wordt bekleed met twee à drie lagen ETFE-folie, een transparante dunne kunststof die in gewicht maar een honderdste weegt vergeleken met glas. Door tussen de lagen folie lucht te pompen ontstaat een waterdicht en isolerend geheel.Een drijvende stad is dus minder futuristisch dan op het eerste gezicht lijkt. Binnenkort wordt het paviljoen van DeltaSync op de World Expo 2010 in Shanghai gepresenteerd als mogelijke oplossing voor de toene-mende verstedelijking in kwetsbare deltagebieden, waar in 2030 de helft van de wereldbevolking woont.www.deltasync.nl
Bouwen op open water is de droom van DeltaSync, dat in mei een drijvend paviljoen in de Rot-terdamse haven oplevert. Dr.ir. Jan van Kessel, productontwik-kelaar bij GustoMSC, ziet nog niet zo snel drijvende steden ver-schijnen. ‘Maar met hoogtesterk-testaal en luchtkussens moet dat haalbaar zijn.’
- Desiree Hoving -
DHV SANITEERT 80STEDEN INDONESIËDHV en de Indonesische doch-ter PT MLD hebben een contract ondertekend voor de sanitatie van tachtig steden. Het ingeni-eursbureau gaat strategieën ont-wikkelen en ontwerpstudies opstellen voor de afvalwaterbe-handeling, ontwatering en ver-werking van huisvuil. DHV is ook betrokken bij de uitvoering. Het project is onderdeel van het Accelerated Sanitation Develop-ment Program van de Indonesi-sche overheid voor 330 steden, dat is begroot op ongeveer 3,7 miljard euro. Het contract levert DHV tien miljoen euro op.Volgens projectleider Jan Oo-men is de sanitatie hard nodig. ‘Indonesië kent rond de 230 mil-joen inwoners. Slechts 1 % daar-van is aangesloten op riolering en 4 % heeft geen betrouwbaar functionerend privé- of open-baar toilet tot zijn beschikking.’www.dhv.com
Slechts 1 % van de 230 miljoen inwoners van Indonesië is aan-gesloten op riolering.
SHELL GAAT INBIOBRANDSTOFFENShell heeft in principe een sa-menwerkingsovereenkomst gesloten met het Braziliaanse Cosan, een van de grootste pro-ducenten van biobrandstoffen ter wereld. Het olieconcern in-vesteert de komende jaren 1,2 miljard euro in de nieuwe on-derneming, waaronder ook de 2740 benzinestations van Shell vallen. De joint venture krijgt een marktaandeel van 9,3 % in de Braziliaanse ethanolmarkt.Cosan verwerkt rietsuiker tot ethanol, dat wordt gemengd met benzine. Shell wil biome-thanol uit de stengels halen, dat in tegenstelling tot suiker niet tot voedsel wordt verwerkt.www.shell.com
DeltaSync bouwt achter de voormalige Rotterdamse Droogdok Maatschappij een drijvend paviljoen.
Drijvende constructie op zee van dr.ir. Jan van Kessel.
In the Media
SUNDAYTIMESONLINE WW
For all the latest greenbusiness news go tothesundaytimes.co.uk/business
For Ellen and RobertStravers, living in afloating house is likebeing on a perma-nent holiday.
They live in an arc of 57floatinghomes, around an inletjust southeast of Amsterdam.A boat moored outside theirthree-storey house lets themsail into the city.“In the summer there is a
swimming club, and lastwinter people were skating,”said Robert, a retired pharma-cist, sitting at a long woodentable in the couple’s light, airyliving room.“About once amonth, there’s
a storm. The doors swing openand shut — I like that,” Robertsaid. But most of the time thehouse is perfectly stable.About 300water houses have
popped up in the Netherlandsin the past few years, mostlyalongside the tens of thousandsof houseboats that have been astaple of the country’s canalsystem for the past century. Itis estimated that another 2,000floating homes are likely to bebuilt over the next five years.With 40% of its land below
sea level, theNetherlands ispar-ticularly at risk from rising sealevels and growing populationsthat in the coming decadeswillcram a lot more people into alot less space that has an inc-reasing tendency to flood.A small group of evangelical
Dutch designers is convincedthat living on water canbecomea key component in thebattle against ever-rising tides.They are spreading their mes-
sage around the world andreckon that Britain, too, couldeventually have a number offloating settlements.“Initially, we want to extend
existing cities into the water,”said Bart Roeffen at Delta Sync,a specialist firm of architectsin Delft. “But my dream is torealise an entire floating city.The Maldives is slowly beingsubmerged and with this tech-nology we could make newislands and combine themwith artificial coral reefs.”Roeffen, 30, has just com-
pleted one of his biggest water-based projects to date, afloatingpavilionhe designed inthe Rijnhaven, a harbour nearthe centre of Rotterdam.The three-dome structure is
12 metres high with enoughfloorspace to cover four tenniscourts. It’s the biggest floatingbuilding in Holland so far, andis thought to be the biggest inthe world.The pavilion is an experi-
ment to address the engi-neering challenges involved inbuilding large floating struc-tures that don’t sink. It hasattracted architects fromacrossthe world who want to followHolland’s lead.It is based on the geodesic
structure popularised by theAmerican engineer RichardBuckminster Fuller and com-prises a series of interlockinghexagons that distribute thestresses across the structure.The lightweight base of
expanded polystyrene is re-inforced with concrete beamsmade buoyant by tiny air-per-
meated cells and is topped offwith a layer of pure concrete.The technology is develop-
ing and allowing architects toget more ambitious with theirplans.Koen Olthuis, chief architect
at Waterstudio, based inRijswijk, a small town in theprovince of South Holland, isworking on plans for a floatinggolf course and a floatingmosque in the Maldives. He isalso developing a city for120,000 people in southernChina. About a quarter of thepopulation will be housed infloating buildings,making it byfar the biggest floating buildingproject to date.Back home, Olthuis is plan-
ning a 2,500metre by 500metrefloating complex in South Hol-land, in which half the build-ings will float and the rest willbe built on stilts or artificialislands. At the centre of thecomplexwill be the Citadel, theworld’s first floating apartmentblock, with 60 luxury flats, acar park and a floating road tothe land.“The reason it’s half and half
is to do with perception,” saidOlthuis, who recently pub-lished Float, a book aboutwater-based architecture.“To a Dutch guy, a floating
housemeans a houseboat lyingon the canals of Amsterdam.But if they see a combination,they see there is no differencebetween a building on land or abuilding on water and so theyare happy tomove in,” he said.“You have to stay close to the
normal concept people have ofa city.Nobodybelieves ina float-ing city in the middle of theocean,” added Olthuis, whothinks the Chinese city andfloating complex assignmentsmark the “beginning of a newera” for water architecture.There are no floating build-
ings in Britain, although thereareahandful of boat-basedcom-munities, one of the largest ofwhich is the Downings RoadsMoorings on the Thames, 400metres east of Tower Bridge.Nicholas Lacey, an architect
who set up the 100-person,40-vessel community of house-boats and garden barges,thinks there is a place forfloating buildings in Britain.“Many bits ofwater are suitablefor floating structures and itmakes economic sense becausethey can be cost-effective.There is scope for large scalefloating structures in parts ofLondonDocklands,” he said.In a report this year, a
steering group comprising toparchitects, civil engineers, citydesigners, planners, devel-opers, policymakers, ecologistsand futurologists went muchfurther about the need forBritain to gear up architec-turally to combat rising sealevels, increasingly frequentand intense storms, a growingpopulation, and the fact thatthe south of England is slowlysinking.In the Facing Up to Rising
Sea Levels report, Ruth Reed,president of the Royal Instituteof British Architects (RIBA),declared these conditionsposed an “extreme threat” and
warned that we needed to actnow to avoid the certainty of“mass disruption” to ourcoastal communities.The report identifies Ports-
mouthandHull—25miles fromthe North Sea and bisected bytheRiverHull—asbeingpoten-tially the greatest beneficiariesof floating buildings.For Hull, the report suggests
that a network of static plat-forms and floating structurescould be built on the riveraround a decommissionedNorth Sea oil rig and old navyvessels to produce amix of resi-dential, recreational and com-mercial sites.For Portsmouth, a series of
interconnected piers—hostinghouses, companies and recre-ational spaces — could be usedas a framework for additionalclusters of floating communi-ties in the sheltered waters ofthe local harbours.“Liverpool, Glasgow, Lowes-
toft, a lot of East Anglia — largeparts of Britain could benefitfrom floating architecture,”said Dickon Robinson,chairman of Building Futures,a RIBA think tank, and aformer development director atPeabodyTrust, London’s largesthousing association.Britain’s floating architec-
ture enthusiasts know they
have an uphill task to persuadethe many stakeholders — suchas investors, local authoritiesand property developers — towork more closely and toincrease their planninghorizon from about 15 years tomore like 100 years.Caroline Spelman, the envi-
ronment secretary, said that atpresent Britain had no plans topromote floating buildings,but added that “we are alwaysinterested to see what othercountries are looking at to pre-pare themselves for climatechange”.Britain is clearly not ready
for this revolution, but advo-cates of floating architecturehope that, by drawing atten-tion to future problems and thepart thatwater-based buildingscan play in the solution, theyhavemade a valuable start.Ultimately it boils down to
consumer demand, which isexpected to change slowly asland fills up, floods becomeincreasingly common, floatingarchitecture develops andpeople get used to the idea.
GREEN PIONEERS
‘‘
Graham Cooley ischief executive ofhydrogen fuellingfirm ITM Power.By Ben Marlow
Floating basePolystyrene constructionguarantees buoyancy
Heat from the riverEnergy is extracted from riverwater using heat pumps
CoolingHeat from the sun isabsorbed by solar collectors
Lightweight materialsThe dome facade is madeof lightweight, durable foil
Vegetaton wallPlants help regulate humidityand aid noise insulation
made is facade dome Thefoil durable lightweight, of foil durable lightweight, of
Waste treatmentReclaimed water from filtrationsystem is used for toilets
Riding the tideDutch architects have designed a newgeneration of floating buildings
Microclimate conceptTemperatures can be changed andregulated between the domes
Robert and Ellen Stravers, picturedwith their daughter Mijke, live in a
floating home near Amsterdam
THE plains of southernSpain provide a cautionarytale for Britain’s burgeoninglow-carbon industry.Spain is the largest solar
power producer in theworld thanks to a generoustariff regime set by thegovernment years ago,when the economywasbooming.With the recession, the
government has pushedthrough a series ofunpopularmeasures. Thelatest, due to be passed inthe next few days, is adrastic cut in solar payouts.Investors, who stand to losehundreds ofmillions, arefurious.The Spanish subsidies
are not unique. ThismonththeUK governmentintroduced a package ofsubsidies that it sayswillfuel a £200 billion “green”makeover of the powersystem.All of thesemeasures
have been taken against thebackdrop of bindingpollution reduction targets,whichwere enshrined intheUnited Nations’ KyotoProtocol. Theseweresupposed to be renewed lastyear at the Copenhagenclimate conference. Afterthose talks disappointed,hopes shifted to the latesttalks, held at the start of
thismonth in Cancun,Mexico. Those, too, failed todeliver. The Kyotoagreement lapses at the endof 2012.The Cancun failure has
led some countries toquestion thewisdomofpushing aheadwith costly,taxpayer-funded greenprogrammes,while othersremain on the sidelines.Critically, neither
America nor China, whichtogether account fortwo-thirds of greenhousegas emissions, aresignatories to Kyoto andboth face fierce domesticopposition to signing up toa successor deal.The impasse has led big
polluters in Britain andEurope towarn of “carbonleakage”, where companiesmove to jurisdictionsunburdened by the added
costs of complyingwithemissions rules.Mark Lewis, a carbon
analyst at Deutsche Bank,said: “We do not see anyprospect of a secondinternational commitmentperiod being in place byJanuary 1, 2013. Indeed, wethink it is now likely to takesome years for a new legallybinding global deal to benegotiated.”That is likely to slow the
progress of the conversionto new low-carbon forms ofenergy such aswind,biomass and solar. Lewisadded: “We do not thinktherewill be sufficientappetite among EuropeanUnionmember states forraising the EU’s 2020emissions-reduction targetto 30% [as previouslyproposed] over the next 12months.”Which brings us back to
the Spanish situation.Every form of low-carbonpower ismore expensivethan dirty fossil-fuel plants.Thus governments aroundEurope,which has led theway by putting in placetough targets and penaltiesif they aremissed, haveintroduced subsidies toconvince firms to invest inexpensive newplants.Offshorewind power, for
example, costs three timesasmuch as a gas-fired plantcapable of producing thesame amount of electricity.Yetwith the global
climate deal sputtering, thedanger for investors is thattheymay plough billionsinto an industry propped upby public subsidies that, ifthe situation requires, canlater be pulled.That is the lesson
investors in Spain’s solarmarket now face.Therewas one silver
lining at Cancun forBritain’s green investors.One of the few deals thatwas agreed therewill seethe creation of a $100 billionsuperfund to transferlow-carbon technologies todeveloping countries.Last year the British
government predicted thatthe green revolutionwouldproduce 400,000 jobs andhelp lead the country out ofrecession. So far, few of thepromised jobs havematerialised.A formalised fund to
funnel green technologyand industry abroadwouldcertainly help.Not surprisingly, there is
still a way to go before itbecomes reality.MichaelWilkins, at
Standard & Poor’s, thecredit rating agency, said:“We understand that thesource of these funds hasstill not been determined.Equally unclear is themethod bywhich to engageprivate sector finance on alarge scale, especiallyinstitutional investors.”The next round of
climate talkswill take placein Durban, South Africa,late next year.
Beat the floods, builda house on the water
We can clean up with hydrogen
Greenhousestand-offhits investors
WE DO NOT SEEANY PROSPECTOF A SECONDINTERNATIONALCOMMITMENTBY 2013
IT looks like a giant walk-in fridgefreezer, the kind you see in televisionprogrammes where celebrity chefsuncover crimes against food hygiene.Only a hose protruding from the side
of the container provides a clue. The 20ftby 8ft metal box sitting in the car parkcould one day produce the car fuel thatwill replace petrol. That is the claim ofITM Power, the firm behind HFuel, arefuelling unit that produces hydrogento power vehicles.“Hydrogen power is completely
clean. It’s the green fuel of the future,”said GrahamCooley, chief executive. Hebelieves it can solve one of the biggestproblems with renewable energy — youcannot control when it is available.“Renewables are so intermittent. The
windmaybloweverywhere in themiddleof the night, making lots of power, butyou may not need it. We are addingvalue to renewables,” Cooley said.
ITM Power proposes using electricityfrom renewable sources to makehydrogen. This is done by an electro-lyser that splits water into hydrogen gasand oxygen gas.Cooley said hydrogen is one of the
cleanestways to power a car because theonly waste product is water vapour thatis so pure it can be drunk. With suffi-cient government backing and subsi-dies, he believes that it could one dayrival oil and other fossil fuels.ITM Power was founded in 2000 by
Donald Highgate, a scientist who hadbeen studying how to make softer con-tact lenses. His expertise in polymerchemistry led to the low-cost mem-brane that goes into the ITM electro-lyser. Highgate floated the company in2004 but recently left.ITM plans to target the commercial
vehicle market first, as such transportusually returns to base. At the moment,there are no refuelling stations.Nextyear, 20 partners including Stan-
sted airport, RAC and Center Parcs, will
test two of ITM’s vans and one mobilefuelling unit for a week. Cooley hopes itwill convince companies with largefleets that hydrogen-powered vehiclesare commercially viable. “We wantthem to understand you don’t need todrive around using petrol,” Cooley said.He said hydrogen-powered vehicles
should be able to travel about 200 miles.At that point, using ITM’s technology,the engine can be switched to run onpetrol. Refuelling time is five minutes,against five hourswith electric vehicles.ITM’s biggest barrier to success will
be making hydrogen systems, and thefuel itself, price competitivewith petrol.At the moment, that is some way off.Critics say that splitting water intohydrogen and oxygen requires vastamounts of energyandwill never be eco-nomically feasible.“One of our greatest challenges is get-
ting people to adopt this technology,”Cooley said. ITM has plans to crack thecar market by using “home refuellers”.However, it will be a while beforehydrogen cars are common in Britain.“In Germany, the government has
embraced hydrogen and is buying 1,000refuelling stations. There just isn’t theinfrastructure in Britain,” Cooley said.The company’s financial losses
recently increased but Cooley,whohas acorporate background, was appointedlast year to make ITM profitable. If hecan succeed, the seemingly endlesssupply of clean energywould have hugebenefits for the environment and cli-mate change.
Danny Fortson
Dutch architects are trying todrum up interest in buoyanthomes, reports Tom Bawden
Graham Cooley says that hydrogen is ‘the green fuel of the future’
To register your businessgo to thesundaytimes.co.uk/bestgreencompanies
THEPLACE FORTHEGREENTOBESEENTHEPLACE FORTHEGREENTOBESEEN
BUT ENTRIESARE OPEN FORTHE SUNDAYTIMES GREENLIST 2011
AGREENWORLDMIGHTSEEMLIKEADISTANTMEMORY.. .
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT thesundaytimes.co.uk/environment 26.12.10 7
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For Ellen and RobertStravers, living in afloating house is likebeing on a perma-nent holiday.
They live in an arc of 57floatinghomes, around an inletjust southeast of Amsterdam.A boat moored outside theirthree-storey house lets themsail into the city.“In the summer there is a
swimming club, and lastwinter people were skating,”said Robert, a retired pharma-cist, sitting at a long wooden
sage around the world andreckon that Britain, too, couldeventually have a number offloating settlements.“Initially, we want to extend
existing cities into the water,”said Bart Roeffen at Delta Sync,a specialist firm of architectsin Delft. “But my dream is torealise an entire floating city.The Maldives is slowly beingsubmerged and with this tech-nology we could make newislands and combine themwith artificial coral reefs.”Roeffen, 30, has just com-
Rijswijk, a small town in theprovince of South Holland, isworking on plans for a floatinga floatinga fgolf course and a floatingmosque in the Maldives. He isalso developing a city for120,000 people in southernChina. About a quarter of thepopulation will be housed infloating buildings,making it byfar the biggest floating buildingproject to date.Back home, Olthuis is plan-
ning a 2,500metre by 500metrefloating complex in South Hol-land, in which half the build-
40-vessel community of house-boats and garden barges,thinks there is a place forfloating buildings in Britain.“Many bits ofwater are suitablefor floating structures and itmakes economic sense becausethey can be cost-effective.There is scope for large scalefloating structures in parts ofLondonDocklands,” he said.In a report this year, a
steering group comprising toparchitects, civil engineers, citydesigners, planners, devel-opers, policymakers, ecologists
tially the greatest beneficiariesof floating buildings.For Hull, the report suggests
that a network of static plat-forms and floating structurescould be built on the riveraround a decommissionedNorth Sea oil rig and old navyvessels to produce amix of resi-dential, recreational and com-mercial sites.For Portsmouth, a series of
interconnected piers—hostinghouses, companies and recre-ational spaces — could be usedas a frameworka frameworka f for additional
Caroline Spelman, the envi-ronment secretary, said that atpresent Britain had no plans topromote floating buildings,but added that “we are alwaysinterested to see what othercountries are looking at to pre-pare themselves for climatechange”.Britain is clearly not ready
for this revolution, but advo-cates of floatingf floatingf f architecturehope that, by drawing atten-tion to future problems and thepart thatwater-based buildingscan play in the solution, they
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directeur van het jonge bedrijf uit Delft. In 2006 won Deltasync een prijsvraag van ingenieursbureau Royal Haskoning met het idee voor een drijvende stad, die niet simpelweg uit afzonderlijke waterwoningen zou bestaan, maar uit grote drijfelementen met plaats voor ongeveer zestig woningen.DeltaSync mag nu een proeve van bekwaamheid afleggen achter het terrein van de voormalige Rot-terdamse Droogdok Maatschappij. Hier bouwt het bedrijf een drijvend paviljoen: een tentoonstellings-ruimte, congresgebouw met verga-derzalen, auditorium en openbaar stadsplein in één. Volgens Roeffen is het de eerste keer dat zo’n groot gebouw van 24 bij 46 m op het wa-ter verrijst. Het stadsplein komt nog eens op een apart eiland van 24 bij 24 m. ‘Dit is de eerste stap naar een grotere drijvende stadsuitbreiding’, meent Roeffen. ‘Rotterdam wil zijn havens inrichten met drijvende ge-bouwen. In de Heijse haven aan de Maas doen we de eerste test om te kijken of dat idee levensvatbaar is.’kijken of dat idee levensvatbaar is.’De jonge ondernemers van het in 2006 opgerichte bedrijf zijn ver-2006 opgerichte bedrijf zijn ver-2006 opgerichte bedrijf zijn verplicht om hun twee eilanden met de wal te verbinden. Het stadsplein wordt zelfs verankerd aan twee wordt zelfs verankerd aan twee
meerpalen in het water, omdat het Nederlandse Bouwbesluit dezelfde regels aan waterwoningen stelt als aan huizen op het land. Over drie maanden moet het paviljoen al klaar zijn na amper een bouwproces van een jaar. Als het project in Rot-terdam succesvol uitpakt, dan wil DeltaSync ook het open water be-bouwen. Roeffen fantaseert al over een zelfvoorzienende stad met een eigen riolering, drinkwater, energie-voorziening en drijvende wegen.
PolderbaanMaar dr.ir. Jan van Kessel ziet een dergelijke stad niet zo snel in Ne-derland ontstaan. Hij promoveerde begin februari aan de TU Delft op een rekenmodel om grote drijvende constructies op zee te bouwen. ‘We zijn een baggerland dat niets liever dan land opspuit’, legt de scheeps-bouwkundig ingenieur uit, ‘en we bouwkundig ingenieur uit, ‘en we zijn geneigd om een techniek te kiezen die we goed kennen.’ Toch onderzocht hij of de 3,8 km lange en 160 m brede Polderbaan, de langste landingsbaan van Schiphol, langste landingsbaan van Schiphol,
lengte ondenkbaar, omdat de landings-baan doormidden zou breken door de kracht van de gol-ven op zee.
Van Kessel bedacht dat luchtkus-sens deze buiging wel eens zouden kunnen verminderen. De drijvende Polderbaan kreeg daarom de vorm van een omgekeerde schoenendoos, met wanden van 65 m lang die in het water lagen. De luchtkussens onder de 25 m dikke stalen bodem van de doos zorgen dan voor het drijfvermogen. Bovendien vangt de lucht in de kussens de golven in het water op, waardoor de druk op de landingsbaan constant blijft.De promovendus kreeg gelijk: met een luchtkussen blijkt het buigmo-ment 64 % kleiner. Toch is zo’n sta-len Polderbaan nog niet reëel. Vol-gens Van Kessels berekeningen gaat namelijk niet de baan zelf, maar de bodem onder de wanden scheuren. ‘Met meer staal, hoogtesterktestaal of een andere opstelling van de luchtkussens zou het wel haalbaar zijn’, denkt de kersverse promozijn’, denkt de kersverse promo-vendus, die inmiddels productont-wikkelaar is bij het offshorebedrijf GustoMSC in Schiedam, ‘maar ik heb alleen een rekenmodel gemaakt voor toekomstige constructies en voor toekomstige constructies en
Slechts 1 % van de 230 miljoen inwoners van Indonesië is aan-gesloten op riolering.
SHELL GAAT INBIOBRANDSTOFFENShell heeft in principe een sa-menwerkingsovereenkomst gesloten met het Braziliaanse Cosan, een van de grootste pro-ducenten van biobrandstoffen ter wereld. Het olieconcern in-vesteert de komende jaren 1,2 miljard euro in de nieuwe on-derneming, waaronder ook de 2740 benzinestations van Shell vallen. De joint venture krijgt een marktaandeel van 9,3 % in de Braziliaanse ethanolmarkt.Cosan verwerkt rietsuiker tot ethanol, dat wordt gemengd met benzine. Shell wil biome-thanol uit de stengels halen, dat in tegenstelling tot suiker niet tot voedsel wordt verwerkt.www.shell.com
Drijvende constructie op zee van dr.ir. Jan van Kessel.
27
For additional information,
please contact:
DeltaSync BV
Molengraaffsingel 12-14
2629 JD Delft
The Netherlands
T +31 (0)15 256 1872
F +31 (0)15 744 0102
Contact