Project Test-beds/Low Power Activities -...

NCNRC

NCNRC

Project Test-beds/Low Power Activities

John Nelson

May 2006

SFI Wireless Communications Workshop – May 20062 NCNRC

Outline

• People

• Testbeds

– Motivation

– ULMAN Testbed

– VoIP/Video Streaming Testbed

– 802.11e Testbed

– Extended Testbed

• Low Power

– 802.11 Backoff

– Wireless VOIP

– UWB Transceiver Architectures


Testbeds/Low PowerPeople

Post-doctoral researchers

• Ronan Skehill (UL) David Malone (HI)

• Dorel Picovici (UL) Nikki Cranley (CNRI)

• Mirek Narbutt (CNRI) Feng Zheng (UL)

Post-graduate Students

•Eduardo Cano (UL) Michael O’Loughlin (UL)

•Billy Kent (UL) Istvan Matyasovszki (UL)

•Kevin McGrath (UL) Barry Gleeson (UL)

•Ian Dangerfield (HI) Brian Keegan (CNRI)

•Tanmoy Debnath (CNRI) Enrique Gomez (CNRI)

Collaborators

• Gianluca Iannaccone (Intel Research Cambridge)

• Salvador Luna Ramírez (UoM, Malaga)


TestbedsIntroduction

Motivation

• Build a set of project wide resources to allow detailed real-time verification of the major research topics.

• Help identify new research problems.

• Encourage industrial participation.

Strategy

• Focus on the important wireless technologies ranging from 802.11a/b/g/e and support migration to Sensor, 802.16 and Beyond 3G.

• Develop open source re-usable node wireless test platforms.

• Develop in the longer term a Beyond 3G test platform for heterogeneous system integration.

• In parallel, develop lab based platforms for specific projects with a view to migration.

• Provide detailed wireless measurement, monitoring, and diagnostics.


TestbedsRadio Resource Measurements & Management

Requirements

• Evaluate Developed Algorithms

• Compare Theory Vs Simulations Vs Measurements.

• Provide detailed insight into actual realisation through measurement.

• Support Radio Resource techniques in Heterogeneous systems

• Develop Measurement and Management Capabilities– Evaluate QoS from Network to

Perceptual Level

– Support user mobility between networks

– Support Multimedia Codec evaluation

Testbeds

R2M2

Measurement &

Management

QoS Measurement

RF Measurement

Modelling Mobility

MultiHop

Heterogeneous NW

Radio Resource

Admission Control

Congestion Control

Scheduling

Load Balancing

Power Control


TestbedsContext

• Significant emphasis on validation

• A range of appropriate test benches are supported

• Phase 1 focus on Bench/Lab, Phase 2 on extending externally

UWB

Mote

ULMAN

Packet VoIP speech

Bench Lab Extended

Video Streaming

BlackFin Radio

3G

802.11

Azimuth

EU Celtic

Virtual Access

School: WLAN

Region: WiMax/WLAN

802.11e


Testbeds: ULMAN NodesHardware Architecture

• MANET based testbed– Initially 802.11 family– Extend WiMaX, UWB, Bluetooth

• Advantech PCM-9373 PC104 nodes – MBPC-200 Micro Box PC chassis

– 667MHz VIA Eden

– 512MByte DIMMS

• Currently 10 Nodes

• Supports two PCMCIA Cards

– overlay measurement network

– multi-radio

– multi-homing

• Range of Wireless Cards


Testbeds: ULMAN NodesSoftware Architecture

11cm

9cm

Supports two PCMCIA Card

16cm

PCM9373

Power supply

• Linux kernel 2.4.26

• Wireless driver (wlan_cs,airo_cs etc)

• Traffic Generators

(Voice, Video, Data)– netperf

• Routing Protocols

(Currently Integrated)– AODV, OSLR, DSR, Lunar

• Traffic Monitoring– Intel CoMo– Iptraf– Tethereal

• HostAP integrated.

• Central controller completed.

• Clone via USB memory stick

Example Network


Testbeds: ULMAN Monitoring

Wireless network measurement, monitoring and diagnostics

• Extending the Intel CoMo wired network monitoring framework

• Requires new plug-ins for wireless capture, export and query.

• Integrate an 802.11K radio resource measurement strategy.

• Investigate diagnostics and network forensics requirements.

Capture

ft

NIC1

NICn802.11sniffer

NICsniffer

Filesniffer

Export Storage

traffic1

trafficn

trafficdata

storagedevice

Query

HTTPinterface

request

results

Supervisor

Synchronous with packet stream Periodic User request driven-

Callbacks

Network

Filtering Sampling

Aggregation Long-term Analysis

Network

Details on Kevin McGrath’s Poster:

Monitoring and Forensic Analysis for Wireless Networks


Testbeds: Voice over IPNetwork Traffic (Packet based)

• 18 PCs (Linux + Windows 2000)

• Netgear WAG511 Dual Band WLAN cards (Atheros chip set)

• Cisco 1200 AP (firmware upgraded to IOS 12.3(7)JA2 ) on Channel 6– Capable of 802.11e EDCA operation

• Traffic generators– RTP Tools (Columbia University) to simulate VoIP calls

• 4 state Markov model (follows ITU-T P.59 recommendation)

• Selection of audio codecs: G.711, G.729, G.723.1

– MGEN Traffic Generator (Naval Research Lab) to simulate background traffic

• NTP for timing synchronisation

• Paxson’s algorithm to remove clock-skew

• Simulators for de-jitter buffering

• Extended E-model for call quality assessment

• WLAN Resource Monitor application

• Linux Cron daemon used to control experiments

VoIP Test Set UP


Testbeds: Voice over IPPerceptual (Speech based)

•Speech layer models

•Uses Intel IXP2400 network processor for real time intermediate speech quality parameter extraction.

•Integrated with Azimuth Tester

PESQ (intrusive)

3SQM (non-intrusive)

Details on Dorel Picovici’s Poster:

Intrusive and Non-Intrusive Perceptual Speech Quality Assessment


Testbeds: Video Streaming

• 4 PCs (Linux + Windows 2000) in small lab

• Netgear WAG511 Dual Band WLAN cards (Atheros chip set)

• Cisco 1200 AP (firmware upgraded to IOS 12.3(7)JA2 ) on Channel 11– Capable of 802.11e EDCA operation

– Jar application for polling AP for performance statistics

• Video Encoder: MPEG-4 encoder from Dicas

• Video Server: Darwin Streaming Server

• Clients: Quicktime player and VideoLan Client on PC and PDA

• 5 video clips, 5 min in duration ranging in spatial and temporalcomplexity (i.e. action and detail) including animation clip

• MPEG-4 SP and ASP in .3gp and .MP4 file format (mp4creator)

• D-ITG (Distributed Internet Traffic Generator, Uni. Of Napoli), MGEN (Naval Research Lab), and RTP Tools (Columbia University) to simulate background traffic

• Windump/tcpdump network analyzer

• WLAN Resource Monitor application

Jar application


Testbeds: 802.11e

20 802.11e nodes

• Atheros chipset,

• Modified Linux MADWiFi driver

• Voice & TCP traffic generators

• Instrumented to measure throughout & loss

• Also MAC delay instrumentation.– Measurement of one-way delay

known to be tricky - clock synchronisation issues mitigate against sub-millisecond timing needed to measure MAC performance.

– We catch device interrupt on completion of packet transmission -no synch issues, microsecond accuracy.

• Validated against simulation & analytic models ….


Extended Testbed3G/WLAN/802.16

Large-scale integrated testbed for systems of interest

• Build upon ULMAN and earlier 3G testbed (R4)– origins in the IST ARROWS Project.

• Extend 3G testbed – Rural/Urban macro cell with up to 5000 users

– Full link simulation for a single user, and remainder emulated

– Services: Conversational, Streaming, Interactive, Background

– Provides QoS for standard non-aware QoS applications

– Integrated Configuration and Management Tools

– Evaluates signalling performance

• Share specification and development work with Gandalf– Celtic Gandalf project (Ericsson (Ire), France Telecom, Telefonica +++)

– Focus is to enable testing of Joint Radio Resource Management Algorithms

– Project aims at contributing to Celtic PAN European Testbed


Testbeds: 3GIntegrated 3G/WLAN Controller


Low PowerWireless 802.11

A new power saving backoff algorithm for IEEE 802.11 DCF

• Network cards consume significant power and time in idle mode .

• Lucent IEEE 802.11 WaveLAN consumes

– 1.65W, 1.4W and 1.15W in the transmit, receive and idle modes, 45mW while asleep

– Save power by more aggressively using sleep mode.

• The basic idea is to push the contending station into sleep for a period in the

backoff stage without waking up during this period.

• The key problems are

– Deciding the sleep duration

– Ensuring throughput fairness in the MAC protocol (CSMA/CA)

• Detailed theoretical analysis complete. Sleep algorithm derived.

• No additional signaling channel, or protocol changes.

Details on Feng Zheng’s Poster:

A new power saving backoff algorithm for IEEE 802.11 DCF


Low PowerWireless Voice over IP

• Typical 20ms frame-rate in VoIP, hence minimum time spent transmitting or receiving.

• Possibility to enter sleep mode.

• Challenge is how to schedule?

• Estimate earliest arrival time of receive and contend for transmit.

• No negative impact on performance.

• Significant power savings for

– Single VoIP station and up to 3 saturated data links

– where WiVoIP stations only

Details on Barry Gleeson’s Poster: Power Saving in IEEE 802.11 VoIP


Low PowerUltra Wideband (UWB)

• Single-band approach: Direct Sequence Impulse Radio

• Design of Pulse Shapes

Linear Combination Time Shifting Pulse Constructions satisfying the FCC indoor spectrum mask

Use LCTS of elementary pulses to identify a set of mutual-orthogonal pulses that present

equal energy, same time duration and similar -10 dB bandwidth.

• Design and Evaluation of Modulation Schemes

M-PPM, M-PAM, M-BM, M-BPSPM

• Effective reduced complexity transceiver architectures

Reduce correlators to ½ conventional + 1.

• Analysis of Narrowband interference

Impact of 802.11a on UWB

Details on Eduardo Cano’s Poster: An UWB Impulse Radio Transceiver


Testbeds/Low PowerFutureMesh

• Include 802.11e, 802.15.4, 802.16e capabilities

• Other hardware: Soekris net4521/Intel StarEast

• Extend to full WLAN mesh (MITs Roofnet) with integrated Resource Manager

• Virtual Access

• Energy Management Strategies

VoIP

• Complete measurements of voice call capacity in 802.11e WLANs

• Integrate network and perceptual speech analysis test-beds into extended.

• Investigate low power strategies using Azimuth WLAN Tester.

• Perceptual Speech quality versus aggregation of frames

• Impact on perceptual of packet loss/jitter/end to end delay

UWB

• New Transceiver Architectures, Implementation and Characterisation

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