Project:ProjectScenario:Scenario 1 Design Inputs

Refer to separate page for LM-RES soil modelling.

Table1 Soil characteristics

Model Determine values using soil modellingprogram (S-RES)

Top layer resistivity (Ohm.m) 39.525Top layer depth (m) 15.735Bottom layer resistivity (Ohm.m) 7865.432

Table2 Grid energisation

Source Determine using fault current distributionprogram (EFCD)

Units Current (A)Magnitude (real) 40Magnitude (imag) -9

Table3 Grid and rod conductor size

Method Specify grid conductor radiusConductor radius (mm) 4.72

Table4 Measurement units

Units Metric

Table5 System

Frequency (Hz) 50

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Fault Current Distribution

Table6 User Inputs

Calculations mode Standard cases

Case description CASE 1 - Two subs., Cables SC, Solidbonded, Local 1ph-e fault

Fault current (A) 1000 +0 iLength (m) 1000 +0 iSoil electrical resistivity (Ohm.m) 100 +0 iEarth grid (local) resistance (Ohm) 1 +0 iEarth grid (remote) resistance (Ohm) 1 +0 iCond. A position, Z (m) 0.5Cond. A position, Y (m) 0Cond. B position, Z (m) 0.5Cond. B position, Y (m) 0.5Cond. C position, Z (m) 0.5Cond. C position, Y (m) 1Phase cond. diameter (mm) 11.5Phase cond. a.c. resistance (Ohm/km) 0.247Screen outer diameter (mm) 22.7Screen thickness (mm) 0.85Screen a.c. resistance (Ohm/km) 0.265

Figure1 CASE 1 - Two subs., Cables SC, Solid bonded, Local 1ph-e fault

Table7 Results: Fault currents

Element Name [start, end node no.] Fault current (A)PHASE CONDUCTOR (FAULTED) [1, 4] -1000 -0 i (100 %)SCREEN 1 [2, 5] 656 +334 i (74 %)SCREEN 2 [2, 5] 181 -161 i (24 %)

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Element Name [start, end node no.] Fault current (A)SCREEN 3 [2, 5] 123 -165 i (21 %)FICTICIOUS EARTH RETURN [3, 6] 40 -9 i (4 %)EG LOCAL [2, 3] 40 -9 i (4 %)EG REMOTE [5, 6] -40 +9 i (4 %)SHORT-CCT [1, 2] 1000 +0 i (100 %)

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Levenberg-Marquardt Soil Resistivity (LM-RES) Modelling

Table8 User Inputs

Soil model Horizontal 2-LayerMeasurement method WennerMeasurement values Resistivity (Ohm.m)Account for probe depth? (True/False) FALSEDriven depth at short spacings (m) -Remove outliers? (True/False) FALSE

Table9 Field measurements

Spacing (m) Resistivity (Ohm.m) Included?(True/False)

R1 0.5 73.7 FALSER2 1 47.9 TRUER3 2 45.2 TRUER4 3 42.8 TRUER5 4 41.9 TRUER6 5 40.9 TRUER7 6 39.2 TRUER8 7 37.7 TRUER9 8 38.6 TRUER10 9 40.1 TRUER11 10 42.5 TRUER12 15 46.1 TRUER13 20 82.1 TRUE

Table10 Results

Top layer soil resistivity (Ohm.m) 39.525Top layer depth (m) 15.735

Bottom layer soil resistivity (Ohm.m) 7865.432Reflection factor, k 0.99

Goodness of Fit (R-square) 6.574

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Figure2 Non-linear model fit to field measurements

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Buried Grid Model

Table11 Segments

No. of segments accounting forintersections only 228

No. of segments after segmentation (foraccuracy) 228

Fault location (segment no.) 1Total length of conductor network (m) 1661.839

Figure3 Buried grid preview

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Safety Criteria Calculation

Table12 User Inputs

Safety standard (body resistance) IECFibrillation current method C1 - IECBody resistance curve (IEC) 95% of population exceeds curveConditions (IEC) DryFoot resistance calculation method IEEE80:2000Additional series resistance (i.e. shoe orglove) (Ohms) 0

Fault clearing time (s) 0.5System frequency (Hz) 50System X/R ratio 20Decrement factor DefaultDecrement factor value 1.062

Sub-surface layer resistivity (Ohm.m) 100Use top layer soil resistivity? (True/False) TRUESurface material resistivity (Ohm.m) 500Surface layer depth (m) 0.18

Table13 Results

Allowable Touch Voltage Limit (V) 200.069Allowable Step Voltage Limit (V) 430.535Permissible body current (A) 0.098Body resistance - 1 hand to both feet(Ohms) 2076.378

Body resistance - 1 foot to other foot(Ohms) 2076.378

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Earthing System Performance

Table14 Results

Grid Impedance, Z (Ohms) 1.813Grid Impedance Angle (degrees) 0.096Grid Potential Rise, GPR (V) 74.616Grid Potential Rise Angle (degrees) -12.376

Table15 Summary of Inputs

Top soil layer resistivity (Ohm.m) 39.52Depth top soil layer (m) 15.73Bottom soil layer resistivity (Ohm.m) 7865.43Excitation current (A) 40.18-j8.886576Faulted segment no. 1Final no. of segments 228Conductor radius (m) 0.00472Conductivity of buried conductor (S/m) 57E+6Frequency (Hz) 50Calculation delta 0.001

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Figure4 Surface potentials (V) - 3D view

Figure5 Surface potentials (V) - 2D view

Figure6 Touch potentials (V) - 3D view

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Figure7 Touch potentials (V) - 2D view

Figure8 Step potentials (V) - 3D view

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Figure9 Step potentials (V) - 2D view

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