Project Report 4

8/3/2019 Project Report 4

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

This paper presents you a clear knowledge about monitoring a

patient,when he/she is under some medical emergency.In this paper we use the

technology of zig bee which is now mostly used over a wide range network data

transmission.

In the current status of our technology we are using a simple

technology,where we can get only the information about the patient where he/she

is being diagonised,but regarding our technique we are using zig bee network.

Sensors hold the key role in this mechanism,here we are using temperature

sensors and heart rate sensors to identify the the condition of the patient.Anotherimportant parameter of our topic is the GSM modem which is now mostly used all

over the world,this modem s used to send an alert to the supervisor or even doctor

about the abnormality of the patient,where he/she can be provided certain tips or

even some medical assistance to save his life.

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CHAPTER -2

EXISTING METHODS

EXISTING SYSTEM

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In the previous system of this patient monitoring there exist a lot of data to be

stored,a lot of confusion about the patients condition and it is a much time

consumption process.in the previous vesion of this mode of technique there were

only wired networks being used there by which it is only applicable for a confined

area.

As mentioned earlier thse techniques were performed only manually a by a

operator,as a result of which it consumes a lot of time.it only sigs up the alert but

not the mode of priority regarding the patient as a result of which a patient may

even lead to death.This version of an existing system thus only a time consuming

device with less priority to patient.

DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM

Manual operation

Time consumption is more

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CHAPTER-3

PROPOSED SYSTEM

PROPOSED SYSTEM

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In this system, Wireless technologies are used to rapidly exchange images, data,

audio, and other information between remote locations. These technologies are

currently being applied to improve healthcare around the world. For implementing

a health monitoring system, first of all, devices that measure patient's physiological

signal should be needed. The mobile system such as PDA receives physiological

data from wearable sensor devices.

One user's health monitoring system has a few ZigBee devices to measure

one user's physiological data. Even if there are a lot of ZigBee devices nearby, the

communication should be accepted between only one user's ZigBee devices. So,

the access control should be implemented because there can be a lot of ZigBee

devices nearby. We propose the device access control mechanism. The

physiological data must not be lost but a wireless communication such as ZigBee

can lose a data. So, this paper proposes the reliable data transmission not to lose a

physiological data in Zigbee based health monitoring system.

3.1 Patient Section:

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Figure 3.13.2 Health Care Provider System:

Figure 3.2

7

ZigBee

Devices

Micro

Controller

Unit

Signal

Conversion

unit

Bio-

Sensor

2

Bio-

Sensor

1

Serial

Communicati

on

(RS-232)

Zigbee

Module

Power Supply

Unit


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CHAPTER-4

FLOW DIAGRAM

4.1 Robot section:

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4.2 Doctor section:

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CHAPTER 5

BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCKDIAGRAM

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5.1 Remote monitoring section

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5.2 Block Description

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The robot includes PIR sensor for monitoring human

movements, Reader for reading patients ID and Bio sensors for

tracking patient health conditions.

Here each patient is provided with unique ID, which includes

patients details. The unit commands the patient to do some

corresponding actions for gathering their health conditions.

After acquiring certain parameters, it will be transferred to the

doctor server room with patient ID.

When patient enters the doctors room, the patients ID is detected

and the corresponding page with patient details are displayed in the

pc.

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CHAPTER-6

HARDWARE SECTION

Hardware Components:

Power supply

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Microcontroller

Temperature sensor

Heartbeat Sensor

RF Module

Wireless communication module

6.1 Power Supply Circuit

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V D

V

C 7

0 . 1 u F

J P 2

2 2 0 V A C

1

2- +

D 11

4

3

2

U 2

7 8 0 5

1

3

2V I N

G

N

D

V O U T

C 6

1 0 0 u F

C 5

4 7 0 u F

R 4

2 2 0

D 2

L E D

6.2 Description:

The operation of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then

voltage regulators. Starting with an AC voltage, a steady DC voltage is obtained by

rectifying the AC voltage, then filtering to a DC level, and finally, regulating to

obtain a desired fixed DC voltage. The regulation is usually obtained from an IC

voltage regulator Unit, which takes a DC voltage and provides a somewhat lower

DC voltage, which remains the same even if the input DC voltage varies, or the

output Load connected to the DC voltage changes.

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6.3 Microcontroller:

Need of Microcontroller:

A microcontroller (also MCU or C) is a functional computer system-on-a-

chip. It contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output

peripherals.

Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of

RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and

output.

About Microcontroller:

PIC16F877A microcontroller is used for this project

It is 8-bit Microcontroller

System is RISC Architecture

It has Small set of Instruction set

It has 35-Instructions only

Compatibility: avail 28/40 Pin ICs

Microcontroller overview:

Operating Speed Max 20 MHz, Voltage-(2-5.5)v

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Memory:

Flash Program 8Kx14 Words,

RAM 368 Bytes,

EEPROM Data Memory 256 Bytes

Low power, High speed Flash/EEPROM Technology

Features of Microcontroller:

It has 5 Ports for Internal and External usage

It has on chip Timers. 3 Timers are avail

It has in built Analog to Digital Converter

In built Multiplexer availability for signal Selection

It has serial as well as Parallel Communication facilities

In built Capture, Compare and Pulse width modulation

6.4 RF Module

6.4.1 RF TRANSMITTER:

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The transmitter output is up to 8mW at 433.92MHz with a range of

approximately few meters

It accepts both linear and digital inputs

It can operate from 1.5 to 12 Volts-DC

It is approximately the size of a standard postage stamp

HT-12E ENCODER:

Features:

Operating voltage:2.4V~12V for the HT12E

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Low power and high noise immunity

CMOS technology

Minimum transmission words of

4 words for the HT12E

Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor

Data code has positive polarity

Minimal external components

HT12E: 18-pin DIP/20-pin SOP package

6.4.2 RF RECEIVER:

It also operates at 433.92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV.

It operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC.

It has both linear and digital outputs.21


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HT12D DECODER:

Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V

Low power and high noise immunity

CMOS technology

Low standby current

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Capable of decoding 12 bits of information

Binary address setting

Received codes are checked 3 times

Address/Data number combination

HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits

Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor

Valid transmission indicator

Easy interface with an RF transmission medium

Minimal external components

Pair with Holtek's 212 series of encoders

18-pin DIP, 20-pin SOP package .

6.5 Serial communication:

PIC microcontroller and write the code to initialize the USART

and use it to send and receive data.

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Data you need to transmit and it will do the rest.

It transmits data at standard speeds of 9600,19200 bps etc.

The advantage of hardware USART is that you just need to write

the data to one of the registers of USART and your done, you are

free to do other things while USART is transmitting the byte.

USART automatically senses the start of transmission of RX line

and then inputs the whole byte and when it has the byte it informs

you(CPU) to read that data from one of its registers.

USART pins inPIC16f877A:

The USART always transmits data on pin RC6/TX

The USART always receives data on pin RC7/RX

The RS-232 standard defines lots of other signals other than TX and RX

used for handshaking.

MAX232:

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V D D

R

T XT 2 O U T

R 2 I N

U 1

M A X 2 3 2

1 3

8

1 1

1 0

1

3

4

5

2

6

1 2

9

1 4

7

1

6

1

5

R 1 I N

R 2 I N

T 1 I N

T 2 I N

C +

C 1 -

C 2 +

C 2 -

V

+

V -

R 1 O U T

R 2 O U T

T 1 O U T

T 2 O U T

V

C

C

G

N

D

C 1 1 0 u F

C 4

1 0 u F

C 3

1 0 u F

C 2

1 0 u F

6.6 Sensors:

Temperature Sensor:

The temperature sensor are precision integrated-circuit, whose output

voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature and

the values are given in the corresponding voltages.

Heart beat Sensor:

The skin may be illuminated with visible (red) or infrared LEDs using

transmitted or reflected light for detection. The very small changes in25


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reflectivity or in transmittance caused by the varying blood content of

human tissue are almost invisible. Valid pulse measurement therefore

requires extensive preprocessing of the raw signal.

Tools Used:

MPLAB IDE tool

PICKIT 2 Programmer Kit

Orcad Design tool (Layout)

Languages used: Embedded C

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CHAPTER - 7

ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

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Low cost and compact system

Monitoring is easy

High reliability

Fast and long way operation

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CHAPTER - 8

FUTURE SCOPE

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CHAPTER - 9

CONCLUSION

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APPENDIX A

APPENDIX

Program:#include

#include

#include"delay.c"

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__CONFIG(0x3f72);

unsigned char temp,HB;

void temp();

void Heartbeat();

void Serial_init(void);

void main()

{

Serial_init();

TRISA=0xff;

ADCON1=0x00;

DelayMs(10);

putch(0x0c);

while(1)

{

temp();

Heartbeat();

printf(" Temparature and Heart beat value is :%d \r",temp,HB);

DelayMs(250);

DelayMs(250);

}

}

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void temp()

{

ADCON0=0x41;

DelayMs(1);

ADGO=1;

while(ADGO==1);

temp =ADRESH;

}

void Heartbeat()

{

ADCON0=0x49;

DelayMs(1);

ADGO=1;

while(ADGO==1);

Heart beat =ADRESH;

}

void Serial_init()

{

TRISC=0xc0;

TXSTA=0x24;

SPBRG=64;

RCSTA=0x90;

TXIF=1;

}

void putch(unsigned char data)35


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{

while(TXIF==0);

TXREG=data;

}

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APPENDIX B

SCREEN SHOTS

MPLAB IDE:

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ORCAD Design:

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REFERENCES

[1] ZigBee Specifications v1.0

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[2] Designing with 802.15.4 and ZigBee, Presentation Slides, available on

ZigBee.org

[3] ZigBee Tutorial, http://www.tutorial-reports.com/wireless/zigbee

[4] IEEE 802.15.4 Specification

[5] Network Layer Overview, Presentation Slides, Ian Marsden,

Embedded Systems Show, Birmingham, October 12th, 2006,

064513r00ZB_MG_Network_Layer_Overview.pdf, available on ZigBee.org

[6] Designing a ZigBee Network, Presentation Slides, David Egan, Ember

Corporation ESS 2006, Birmingham,

064516r00ZG_MG_Network_Design.pdf, available on ZigBee.org

[7] ZigBee Architecture Overview, Presentation Slides, Oslo, Norway

June 2005, ZigBee_Architecture_and_Specifications_Overview.pdf,

available on ZigBee.org

[8] Low Power Consumption Features of the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee LR-

WPAStandard,http://www.cens.ucla.edu/sensys03/sensys03-callaway.pdf

[9] ZigBee Home Automation Mobile from Pantech,

http://www.i4u.com/article2561.html

[10] Basic Lecture - ZigBee

http://www.korwin.net/eng/infor/info_zb_01.asp

[11] Introduction to the ZigBee Application Framework, Presentation

Slides, ZigBee Open House, San Jose, June 15th, 2006,

053340r06ZB_AFG-Overview-ZigBee-Open-House.pdf, available on

ZigBee.org
http://www.tutorial-reports.com/wireless/zigbeehttp://www.cens.ucla.edu/sensys03/sensys03-callaway.pdfhttp://www.i4u.com/article2561.htmlhttp://www.korwin.net/eng/infor/info_zb_01.asphttp://www.tutorial-reports.com/wireless/zigbeehttp://www.cens.ucla.edu/sensys03/sensys03-callaway.pdfhttp://www.i4u.com/article2561.htmlhttp://www.korwin.net/eng/infor/info_zb_01.asp

Project Report 4

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