Project Quality Management - PMI PMBOK

Project Quality Management (PMI PMBOK® Knowledge Area)

Contents

Project Quality Management overview

Control Quality

Perform Quality Assurance

Few Concepts from PMI PMBOK®, 5th Edition

Plan Quality Management

Sample Questions

Learning Objectives

Concepts from PMI PMBOK®, 5th Edition

What is the Project Management?

Project Quality Management

PMBOK Knowledge Area

PQM Processes

Plan Quality Mgmt


Control Quality

PMP Sample Questions

Concepts from PMI PMBOK®

Project Management Institute (PMI ) is the world’s largest not-for-

profit membership association for the project management profession.

PMI professional resources and research empower more than 700,000

members, credential holders and volunteers in nearly every country in

the world .

http://www.pmi.org/About-Us/About-Us-What-is-PMI.aspx

What is PMI®?





















What is PMBOK® Guide?

Project Management Body of

Knowledge (PMBOK®)

This standard provide a foundation

for project management knowledge

and represent the four areas of the

profession: project, program,

portfolio and the organizational

approach to project management.


A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create unique product,

service or result.

Temporary: a definite beginning and end

Project end is reached when;

Project objectives are achieved

When it is clear that objectives can not be met

Need of the project does not exist

Temporary – applicable to project, not to product or result produced by

project

Unique: each project has distinguishing characteristics from other

What is a Project?

All definitions are taken from PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition


VS

Project vs Operation


Question 01: All of the following are characteristics of a project EXCEPT:

A. Temporary

B. Definite beginning and end

C. Interrelated activities

D. Repeats itself every month

Answer: D

Sample Question?


A portfolio refers to a collection

of projects, programs, sub-

portfolios, and operations

managed as a group to achieve

strategic objectives.

Portfolio, Program and Project?


Programs are grouped within a portfolio and are comprised of subprograms,

projects or other works that are managed in a coordinated fashion in support

of the portfolio.


Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and

techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.

Appropriate application and integration of project management

processes

Five Process Groups

What is Project Management?


PMBOK®, 5th Edition, Page 50


Five Process Groups?

PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition


What is Project Management?

Balancing the project competing constraints;

Scope Cost Schedule

Quality Resources Risk


Project Management Process

Group Mapping

Reproduced in reference to Table 3.1, PMI, A guide to Project

Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition ,

page 61


Direction & Control with regard to quality includes

establishment of;

Quality policy

Quality objectives

Quality planning

Quality assurance

Quality control

ISO 9001:2008 is the applicable standard for Quality Management System

What is Quality Management?

Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization

with regard to Quality (ISO 9000:2005 – Clause 3.2.8)


The Handy Guide to

Quality

World Quality Month/World quality month-2013/Project quality management/The handy guide to Quality (Rev).mp4

21. PQP/PQP Sample.pdf


It includes the processes and activities that determine quality policies,

objectives and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs

for which it was undertaken.

What is Project Quality Management?

Project quality management works to

ensure that the project requirements,

including product requirements, are met

and validated.

(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, page 227, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)

Project quality management uses policies and procedures, to

implement, within the project’s context, the organization’s QMS.

The basic approach to project quality management as described in

PMI PMBOK®, is intended to be compatible with International

Organization of Standardization (ISO).

(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)


PQM – Few concepts

Quality vs Grade?

LCD TV or Good old CRT TV


Quality vs Grade?

LCD TV or Smart 3D LED TV

Quality and grade are not the same concept.

Quality:

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill

requirements (ISO 9000:2005)

Grade:

A category assigned to deliverables having the same

functional use but different technical characteristics


Quality vs Grade?



Accuracy vs Precision?

Assume you are firing “05” shots



Precise but not Accurate



Accurate but not Precise

Precision:

is the measure of exactness

Accuracy:

is an assessment of correctness

Project management team should determine the appropriate levels of

accuracy and precision.




Project Management Process

Group Mapping

Reproduced in reference to Table 3.1, PMI, A guide to Project

Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition ,

page 61



PQM Overview

Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &

Controlling Closing

Project Quality

Mgmt Plan Quality

Mgmt

Perform Quality

Assurance

Control

Quality


PQM Overview


PQM Overview

Plan Quality

Management

Perform Quality

Assurance Control Quality

Process Group

Planning Executing Monitoring and

controlling

High level description of what each process focus on

• What is quality?

• How will we ensure it?

• Are we following the

procedures and

processes as planned?

• Are the procedures and

processes giving the

intended results?

• Are the results of our

work meeting the

standards?

Quality audits are an important part of quality management because?

A. They allow for quantification of the risk

B. They randomly audit product results to see if they are

meeting quality standards

C. They check to see if the quality process is being followed

D. They are conducted without prior notice and do not allow

team members time to cover up defects

Answer: C

Question:


PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt


Plan quality management is the process of identifying quality

requirements and/or standards for the project and the deliverables

and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with

relevant quality requirements.

Key benefit: it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be

managed and validated throughout the project.

Quality planning should be done in parallel with the other planning processes




Plan Quality Management - ITTOs


Plan Quality Management – Data flow Diagram


8.1

Plan Quality

Management

4.2

Develop Project

Mgmt Plan

Enterprise

/Organization

5.2

Collect

requirements

13.1

Identify

Stakeholders

11.2

Identify risks

8.2

Perform Quality

assurance

8.3

Control

Quality

11.2

Identify risks

Project

documents


• Risk Register

• Requirements documentation

• Stakeholder Register

• Project Mgmt Plan • Project

documents update

• Quality Mgmt Plan

• Enterprise Environmental factors

• Organizational Process Assets

• Process Improvement Plan

• Quality checklists • Quality Mgmt

Plan • Quality

metrics


Plan Quality includes all of the following outputs EXCEPT:

A. Quality Management Plan

B. Accepted deliverables

C. Operational definitions

D. Checklists

Answer: B

Question:


Project Management Plan

Stakeholder register

Risk register

Requirements documentation

Enterprise environmental factors

Organizational process assets


Plan Quality Management - Inputs


Figure 4-5: Develop Project Management Plan Data Flow Diagram

(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)

1 Project Management Plan

Important Plans

Scope baseline

Schedule baseline

Cost baseline



2 Stakeholder Register

Identify

stakeholders

possessing a

particular interest

in, or having an

impact on, quality



3 Risk Register

Risk register contains information

on threats and opportunities that

may impact quality requirements



4 Requirements documentation

Captures the requirements

that the project shall meet

The components of the

requirements

documentation include

project (and product)

quality requirement as

well.



5 Enterprise Environmental Factors

Government agency regulations

Rules, Standards and guidelines

Working or operating conditions

6 Organizational Process Assets

Organizational quality policy,

procedures, guidelines

Historical database

Lesson learned from previous projects


Cost benefit analysis

Cost of quality

Seven basic quality tools

Benchmarking

Design of experiments

Statistical sampling

Additional quality planning tools

Meetings


Plan Quality Management – Tools & Techniques


Cost of quality:

Cost of Conformance

Cost of Nonconformance




Cause and effect diagram Checksheet

Pareto diagram Control Chart

Scatter diagram Histogram

Flowchart


1. Quality Management Plan

2. Process Improvement Plan

3. Quality Metrics

4. Quality Checklists

5. Project Documents Updates


Plan Quality Management - Outputs



1 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Quality Management Plan

How the organization’s quality policies will be implemented?

How the project management team plans to meet the quality

requirements

Quality management plan – Formal or Informal, Detailed or broadly

framed

Component of the Project Management Plan

For Sample PQP


World Quality Month/World quality month-2013/Project quality management/V-3100-003-0-211-01_2 - Barzan Project Quality Plan.pdf



2 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Process Improvement Plan

Analysis & improvement of project processes

How quality activities will be streamlined and

improved

3 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Quality Metrics

Specifically describe a project or product

attribute and how the control quality process

will measure it.

These are used in “perform quality assurance”

and “control quality” processes.

Quality Metrics


World Quality Month/World quality month-2013/Project quality management/Quality Metrics.pdf



4 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Quality Checklists

A structured tool, usually component specific, used to verify that a set

of required steps has been performed.

Checklists may be simple or complex

5 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Project Documents Updates

Stakeholder register

Responsibility assignment matrix

Quality Checklists


World Quality Month/World quality month-2013/Project quality management/QA&QC CIVIL FRM-164 Building Inspection Checklist.pdf


All of the following are true quality statements EXCEPT:

A. Quality improvement depends upon better definition and

increased awareness of the requirements/specifications

B. Project quality management must address both

management of the project and the product of the project

C. Recognition of key actions required of each team member is

necessary to meet quality objectives

D. Computer-aided design systems can improve quality but only

at the expense of an increase in the cost of design

Answer: D

Question:


Which of the following is NOT a part of the Plan Quality process?

A. Benchmarking

B. Audits

C. Cost benefit analysis

D. Design of experiments

Answer: B

Question:


A project manager wants to perform a code review, but over two million

lines of code have already been written for this project, and more are

being produced every day. Rather than reviewing each line of code, the

manager should consider:

A. Automated testing tools

B. Trend analysis

C. Statistical sampling

D. Regression analysis

Answer: C

Question:


Perform Quality Assurance - ITTOs


Process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality

control measurements

Facilitates the improvement of quality processes


Perform Quality Assurance – Data flow Diagram


8.2

Perform Quality

Assurance

Enterprise

/Organization

Project

Documents

8.1

Plan Quality

Management

8.3

Control

Quality

4.5

Perform

Integrated

Change Control

Project

documents


• Project documents

• Project Mgmt Plan update

• Change requests

• Quality Mgmt Plan

• Process Impr. Plan

• Quality metrics

• Organizational process asset updates

4.2

Develop Project

Mgmt Plan

• Project documents update

• Quality control measurements


A customer is concerned that the quality process is not being followed as

laid out in the quality management plan. The best way to see if this claim

is accurate is:

A. Random sampling

B. Kaizen

C. Personally participate in the quality inspections

D. Audits

Answer: D

Question:


Quality Management Plan

Process Improvement Plan

Quality metrics

Quality control measurements

Project documents


Perform Quality Assurance - Inputs



1 Quality Management Plan

Describes the quality assurance approach for the project



2 Process Improvement Plan

QA activities should be supportive of and consistent with the performing

organization’s process improvement plans

3 Quality Metrics

Provides the attributes that should be measured and the allowable

variations

Quality Metrics





4 Quality Control Measurements

QC activities feedback to QA for use in re-evaluating the quality

standards

5 Project documents

Project documents should be

monitored as they may influence

QA work


Quality Management and Control tools

Quality Audits

Process Analysis


Perform Quality Assurance – Tools & Techniques


Same tools and techniques of the Plan Quality Management and

Control Quality processes

Other tools that can be utilized are:

Affinity Diagram

Tree Diagram

Matrix diagrams

Prioritization matrices

Activity network diagram

Interrelationship digraphs


1 Quality Management and Control tools


A grouping technique that

does not involve

quantitative ranking

A brainstorming method to

gather ideas


a Affinity Diagram


Useful as decision tree

Parent to child relationships

To identify the tasks needed

to solve a problem and reach

a goal


b Tree Diagram


A structured, independent process to determine if project activities

comply with organizational and project policies and procedures.

Quality audits may be scheduled or random.

May be conducted by internal or external auditors.


2 Quality Audits

Quality Audits


World Quality Month/World quality month-2013/Project quality management/Master_Schedule_for_DIMS_Audits_-_2013.pdf


To be done as per Process Improvement Plan

To examine problems experienced, constraints, non-value added

activities


3 Process Analysis

Process Analysis


World Quality Month/World quality month-2013/Project quality management/QAQC Flyer - Inspection Performance (Issue 05).pdf


1. Change requests

2. Project management plan updates

3. Project documents updates

4. Organizational process assets updates


Perform Quality Assurance - Outputs



1 Change Requests

Used to take corrective action, preventive action or to perform defect

repair



2 Project Mgmt Plan Updates

Updates to:


Scope Management Plan

Schedule Management Plan

Cost Management Plan

3 Project Documents Updates

Updates to:

Quality audit reports

Training plans



4 Organizational Process Assets Updates

Updates to:

Organization’s quality management system


A customer is concerned that the quality process is not being followed as You are in charge

of managing a software development project which is related to simulations for driving

racing cars. In one of your team meetings - it has been reported that a lot of issues have

been reported in the air tunnel modeling module. On deeper analysis - it is found that many

of the issues could have been prevented, if a simple code review checklist been used. You

prepare a code review checklist and ensure the code is reviewed as per the checklist. This is a

good example of :

A. Corrective Action

B. Defect Repair

C. Preventive Action

D. Quality Control

Answer: A

Question:




Control Quality

Control Quality - ITTOs


PQM – Control Quality

Assessing project results for compliance with quality standards

Identifying root causes of quality defects

Control Quality – Data flow Diagram


8.3

Control

Quality

4.2

Develop Project

Mgmt Plan

Enterprise

/Organization

4.3 Direct & Manage

Project Work

8.2

Perform Quality

assurance

8.1

Plan

Quality

Management

4.5 Perform

Integrated Change

Control

Project

documents Project Quality Management

• Approved Change Requests

•Deliverables •Work Performance Data

• Project Mgmt Plan

• Project documents update

• Project Mgmt Plan updates

• Organizational Process Assets

• Quality Control Measures

• Change requests

4.2

Develop Project

Mgmt Plan

4.4 Monitor & Control

Project work

5.5

Validate Scope

Enterprise

/Organization

4.5 Perform

Integrated Change

Control

Project

documents

• Project documents

•Quality metrics •Quality checklists

• Validated changes

• Work performance information

• Organizational Process Assets updates

• Validated deliverables


Reduced quality on a project would MOST likely lead to which of the

following:

A. Rework and increased cost risk

B. Increased inspections and decreased cost

C. Absenteeism and decreased cost

D. Reduced quality limits

Answer: A

Question:


In the process of managing a construction project, you discover a very

serious defect in the way one particular section has been built. Your

engineers analyze the section of the building and decide that the problem

is actually relatively minor. In which process are you involved?

A. Plan Quality

B. Perform Quality Assurance

C. Perform Quality Control

D. Project Quality Management

Answer: C

Question:


Project Management Plan

Quality metrics

Quality checklists

Work performance data

Approved Change Requests

Deliverables

Project Documents

Organizational Process Assets


Control Quality - Inputs



1 Project Management Plan

Quality management plan – a component of Project management plan

Describe how quality control will be performed

2 Quality Metrics

Describe a project or product attribute and how it will be measured

Examples are failure rate, test coverage etc

3 Quality Checklists

Help to verify that the work of the

projects and its deliverables fulfill a set of

requirements


Quality Metrics




4 Work Performance data

Information on status of project activities

Deliverables completed, Quality requirements met etc.

5 Approved Change Requests

Change requests may include modifications such as defect repairs,

revised work methods etc.

6 Deliverables

Any unique and verifiable product, result of capability



7 Project documents

Agreements

Corrective action log

8 Organizational Process Assets

Organization’s quality policy

Standard work guidelines

Issue and defect reporting procedures


Seven Basic Quality Tools

Statistical Sampling

Inspection

Approved change request review


Control Quality – Tools & Techniques


Examination of a work product to determine if it conforms to

documented standards

Inspections also used to validate defect repairs

Control Quality – Inspection



1. Quality Control Measurements

2. Validated Changes

3. Verified Deliverables

4. Works Performance Information

5. Change Requests

6. Project management plan updates

7. Project documents updates

8. Organizational process assets updates


Control Quality - Outputs



1 Quality Control Measurements

Documented results of control quality activities

Format for documenting these results – outline during “Plan Quality”

2 Validated Changes

Changed or repaired items are inspected for acceptance or rejection

3 Verified deliverables

To determine the correctness of deliverables

Inputs to “Validate Scope” for formalized

acceptance



4 Work Performance Information

Performance data collected from various controlling processes

Examples include causes for rejection, rework required etc

5 Change Requests

For corrective actions or preventive actions or a defect repair

6 Project Management Plan Updates


Process Improvement Plan



7 Project Documents Updates

Quality Standards

Quality audit reports

Agreements

Training plans

8 Organizational Process Assets Updates

Completed checklists

Lesson Learned documentation



Quality Myths PMP Concept

Quality is the responsibility of

QA&QC department.

Project Management Team has

responsibilities relating to quality.

Quality is expensive. Quality leads to lower costs (reworks,

failures)

Inspection is the key to quality.

Inspection is too late. Workers should

produce defect-free goods, right at first time

(Prevention over inspection)

Defects are caused by workers. Most defects are caused by the system

(Project success factors research)

Rewarding the best performers and

punishing the worst will lead to

greater productivity and creativity

Most variation is caused by the systems that

judge, punish, destroy teamwork.

You are responsible for managing a project that deals with laying out a freeway connecting

two major port cities. Progress on the project has been smooth and you and your team are

very confident on completing the project well within the stipulated timelines. On reviewing

you see that the project has also run below the budget resulting in savings. You decide to

add an extra feature of reflector strips on the road every mile. You do a quick calculation

and are satisfied that neither budget nor schedule will slip. You feel that by adding these

extra features you could also bag some future projects as well. This is an example of

A. Scope Creep

B. Gold Plating

C. Fast Tracking

D. Integrated Change Control

Answer: B

Question:


The project quality management process must:

A. Address the quality of management and product

B. Improve the project management and quality of the product

C. Ensure that the project satisfies customer requirement

D. All of the above

Answer: D

Question:


Project Quality Management - PMI PMBOK

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