PRO

ORC

AE S

Christ

Advis

Dece

OJEC

CHAR

ENIOR

topher

sor: Tho

mber 13

CT P

D PLA

R THES

Duarte

mas Bo

3th, 2013

PRO

AZA

IS

- Struct

othby

3

POS

tural

SAL

  1 

 

  

TABExecutive

Purpose…

Building Introduct

Structura

Gravity Lo

Lateral Sy

Load Path

Problem S

Proposed

Breadths…

Task List…

Spring Sch

Conclusio

 

 

 

 

BLE OF Summary……

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l Details………

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2 

… 3 

 4 

…4 

..5 

…12 

….13 

..14 

….17 

…18 

..19 

…20 

…..22 

….23 

 

  

EXEOrchard

level. Th

an urba

building

The stru

on grad

eastern

concrete

compris

to the c

frames t

The faça

limeston

veneer i

paneling

the build

CUTIV Plaza is a s

e building i

an environm

g.

ctural syste

de. The site

side to the

e retaining

es of a syste

aissons. The

hat are eve

ade is comp

ne veneer t

s found be

g, proving a

ding a very

VE SUsix story off

is located in

ment. Com

em element

e of Orchar

e first level o

wall is foun

em of W-sh

e lateral res

nly distribu

posed of fou

that extend

etween leve

a modern c

contempo

UMMAfice buildin

n southwes

mpleted in

ts include a

rd building

on the wes

nd along the

hape beams

sisting syste

ted to resis

ur major ma

ds up to th

els two and

rown to the

rary appear

ARYg with stre

tern Pennsy

2006, Orc

a foundatio

slopes up

stern side. B

e western h

s, girders, an

em is comp

t both Nort

aterials. At i

he second

d five. The

e building.

rance.

et level reta

ylvania on t

chard Plaza

n of caisson

pward from

Because of

half of the b

nd columns

posed of six

th-South an

ts base, Orc

or third lev

sixth level

All glazing

ail on the g

the corner o

a is also a

ns, grade b

the groun

f this differe

building. The

s that carry

x eccentrica

nd East-Wes

chard Plaza

vel. Next, re

is wrapped

is green in

 

ground and

of two stree

LEED Cert

eams, and

nd floor on

ence in gra

e gravity sy

all vertical l

ally braced

st forces.

is wrapped

ed-orange

d in sleek m

color and g

3 

d first

ets in

tified

slabs

n the

de, a

stem

oads

steel

d in a

brick

metal

gives

 

  

PUThe purp

Plaza str

anticipat

daylight

BU

OVER

Constru

miles so

six floor

and squ

shaped

Photo c

RPOpose of this

ucture as w

ted to lowe

ing into an

ILD

RVIEW

ction of Or

outhwest of

rs and is of

uare green

plan as see

credit: millc

OSE s document

well as propo

er fabricatio

already op

ING

chard Plaza

f Pittsburgh

f modern d

glass wind

en in the typ

raftinv.com

t is to provid

ose an alter

n costs of t

en office flo

INT

a was comp

h in Cannon

design that

dows and c

pical plan b

m

de a detaile

rnative later

he lateral sy

oor plan.

TROD

pleted in D

nsburg, Pen

t incorporat

curtain wall

below.

ed overview

ral and faça

ystem as we

DUC

December 2

nnsylvania.

tes both m

s. All six flo

w of the exis

ade system

ell as bring

CTIO

2006 and is

The buildin

masonry an

oors follow

 

sting Orcha

that is

even more

ON

located tw

ng compris

d brick fac

w an identic

4 

rd

e

wenty

es of

cades

cal L-

 

  

STR

FOUN

The foun

of forty-

expansio

element

CAISS

Caissons

inches i

soil. The

depth m

limeston

minimu

caisson.

Caisson

anchors

Details

seen in F

UCTU

NDATIO

ndation for

-one caisso

on joints at

t can be see

SONS

s ranging

n diamete

e caisson n

must extend

ne bedrock

m of ten

caps serve

. Their h

of caissons

Figures 1 an

URAL

ON

r Orchard P

ons. Slabs o

t structural

en below.

from thi

er secure th

notes speci

d a minimu

k. Longitud

feet below

e as column

eight vari

s and caiss

nd 2 respec

DETA

laza consist

on grade o

gridlines a

rty to sev

he column

fy that the

um of one

inal rebar e

w the top

n base plat

es per co

son caps c

ctively.

AILS

ts of a serie

of varying t

and colum

venty-six

ns to the

e caisson

foot into

extends a

of each

te bolt

olumn.

can be

F

es of grade

thicknesses

n bases. D

Figure 2: Ca

Cou

Figure 1: C

Cou

beams tha

s form the

Details of e

aisson Cap D

rtesy of STR

Caisson De

rtesy of STR

 

at rest on a

first floor

ach founda

Detail ‒S0.0

RADA

tail ‒ S0.00

RADA

5 

total

with

ation

00

 

  

GRAD

Grade b

three fe

expansio

compos

the grad

Figure 4

grade be

Fi

DE BEA

beams of w

eet provide

on joints be

se the first f

de beams w

4 shows an

eams, and c

gure 3: Gra

Courtes

AMS & S

widths varyi

a grid of f

etween gra

floor (groun

with the cais

example of

column bas

ade Beams ‒

sy of STRAD

SLABS O

ng from ei

foundation

ade beams

nd floor) of

sson caps/c

f the relatio

ses.

‒ S1.00

DA

ON GR

ighteen to

n between

and slabs o

f the buildin

column bas

onship of ex

ADE

thirty-two

most colu

on grade an

ng. Figure

ses and the

xpansion jo

Figure 4: E

Cou

inches and

mns. Slabs

nd between

3 shows th

e slabs on g

oints to the

Expansion J

urtesy of ST

 

d depths u

on grade

n adjacent

he interactio

rade.

slabs on g

oints ‒ S1.0

TRADA

6 

up to

with

slabs

on of

rade,

00

 

  

SLAB

Slabs on

one-half

opening

edge an

B REINF

n grade are

f inches bel

gs as seen in

nd is accom

FORCIN

reinforced

low the top

n Figure 5.

panied by

Figure 5

NG

with welde

p of the slab

Rebar exten

a diagonal

5: Slab Rein

Courtesy

ed wire fab

b. Special re

nds multipl

bar at open

nforcing Pla

of STRADA

ric placed b

einforcing r

le feet beyo

ning corner

n ‒ S1.01

A

between on

rebar is add

ond the sla

rs.

 

ne and one

ded around

b opening

7 

e and

slab

 

  

FOUN

Due to t

elevatio

the seco

maintain

on the n

green be

NDATIO

the grade c

n over the

ond floor on

ning the en

north, east,

elow in Fig

ON WA

hange ove

site beginn

n the easter

ntire first flo

and south e

ure 6.

Figur

ALL

r the buildi

ning on the

rn side. In o

oor for usab

exterior wa

re 6: Founda

Courtesy

ng’s site, th

western sid

order to acc

ble space, a

alls. The loca

ation Plan ‒

of STRADA

here is a one

de at the fir

commodate

cast-in-plac

ation of thi

‒ S1.00

A

e story cha

rst floor and

e this chang

ce concrete

s wall is hig

 

nge in

d raising up

ge while

e wall is use

ghlighted in

8 

p to

ed

n

 

  

FLOO

Typical f

shows a

very sim

W24x68

opening

35’ x 4

35’ x 2

OR FRA

floor framin

typical bea

milar design.

8 to W 30x

gs .  

2’ Bay area

8’ Bay area

AMING &

ng consists

am and gird

. Beams ran

x99 with ex

Figure

coverage

coverage

& TYPIC

of beams a

der layout f

nge in size f

xceptions f

e 7: First Flo

Courte

CAL BA

and girder c

for the first

from W16x3

for both be

oor Framing

esy of STRA

AYS

constructio

floor. Floor

31 to W21x

eams and

g Plan ‒ S1.

DA

on of varying

rs two thro

x44 while g

girders su

01

 

g sizes. Figu

ugh six foll

irders vary

rrounding

9 

ure 7

ow a

from

floor

 

  

FLOOFloors tw

concrete

inch fro

beams r

beam. A

angle br

angle co

on the lo

Floor to Ex

OR SYSTwo through

e, two inch

m the top

run the len

A system of

race runs u

onnection (

ower floors

Fi

xterior conn

Courtes

TEM Dh five utilize

18 gauge

p of the sla

ngth of the

HSS tubing

up to the b

(Figure 9).

. Some exte

gure 8:

nection wit

sy of STRAD

ETAILSe a compos

composite

ab. Where e

e exterior w

g, shims, an

beam behin

Similar con

erior edges

h brace ‒ S

DA

ite decking

e decking, a

exterior br

with 3/8” p

nd angle for

nd (Figure 8

nnections a

s also includ

S3.02

g system co

and welded

ick veneer

late welde

rm the bric

8) or is join

are done fo

de small can

Floor to Ex

Co

omprised of

d wire fram

requires s

d perpend

ck veneer su

ned directly

or masonry

ntilevers.

Figure 9

xterior conn

urtesy of ST

 

f normal we

ming placed

upport, de

icular to o

upport whi

y with a do

veneer fac

9:

nection‒ S3

TRADA

10 

eight

d one

eeper

f the

le an

ouble

cades

3.02

 

  

COLU

All colum

are typic

Addition

the later

Column

unless r

range fr

column

Typica

UMNS

mns rest o

cally moun

nal base pla

ral system (

splices oc

equired to

rom W14x9

schedule.

Figu

l Base Place

Courtesy o

n caissons

ted to caiss

ates and an

(shown in b

ccur four fe

be at a di

99 on the e

re 10:

e Elevation

of STRADA

or grade b

sons with f

nchor bolts

blue in Figu

eet above

fferent hei

exterior to

‒ S2.02

beams as d

four anchor

s are added

re 11).

the floor s

ght to avo

W14x257

Typ

escribed ea

r bolts as sh

d are adde

lab of the

oid brace co

on the int

pical Base P

Court

arlier. Colu

hown in gr

d for any b

first, third,

onnections

erior. See A

Figure 11:

Place Plan D

tesy of STRA

 

mn base p

ray in Figur

base joints

, and fifth

s. Base colu

Appendix A

Detail ‒ S2.0

ADA

11 

plates

re 10.

with

floor

umns

A for

02

 

  

GRA

A comp

AVITY

lete estimat

LOA

te of the bu

DS

uilding’s graavity loads ccan be founnd in Appen

 

ndix A

12 

 

  

LAT

The prim

beams a

in Figure

north-so

any dire

TERAL

mary latera

and HSS tu

e 12 below

outh and e

ction.

L SYST

l load resis

bing. The l

w. The orien

ast-west di

Figure

TEM

ting eleme

ocation of

ntation of t

irection to

e 12: First F

Courtesy

ents are mo

all momen

these frame

adequately

loor Framin

y of STRAD

oment fram

nt framing e

es is distrib

y accommo

ng ‒ S1.01

A

mes formed

elements is

buted even

odate later

 

d from W-sh

s shown in

ly between

al loading

13 

hape

blue

n the

from

 

  

Later

HSS tub

below. T

welding

connect

LOAThis doc

dead), w

included

Append

ral frame co

e, shown in

This connec

. Stiffener

tion of the H

AD PAcument will

wind, earthq

d for visual

dix B.

F

onnections

n purple, an

ction requir

plates mus

HSS tube an

ATHS l describe h

quake, roof,

illustration

Figure 14: I

s are chara

nd are weld

res a signifi

st also be a

nd respecti

how the stru

, snow and

while their

nterior Late

Courtesy o

cterized by

ded to colu

cant amou

added on b

ve connect

ucture and

uplift loads

r respective

eral Frame J

of STRADA

y welded p

mns and g

nt of prefa

both sides

tion plate.

its respect

s. Diagrams

e design loa

Joint‒ S2.02

plates at bo

girders as se

bricated we

girder web

ive elemen

s of load pa

ads can be f

2

 

oth ends o

een in Figur

elding and

bs at the u

nts floor (live

aths are

found in

14 

f the

re 14

field

pper

e &

 

  

ROO

The roo

conside

elevator

loads re

loads dir

SNOW

Snow b

canopie

calculate

Append

F LOAD

f is of typic

ration. The

r housing w

quire much

rectly into i

W LOA

uild-up is o

s. Various

ed in detail

dix B

DS

cal flat bea

roof inclu

which are

h larger be

nterior colu

ADS

of primary

snow load

for this rep

Figure 1

m and gird

des three

highlighted

ams and g

umns unint

concern a

s were con

port. Specif

5: Roof Fram

Courtesy of

der constru

concrete p

d in red in

irders arou

terrupted in

around the

nsidered fo

fics regardin

ming Plan ‒

f STRADA

uction with

pads for m

n Figure 15

nd the pad

nto the fou

rooftop eq

or this stru

ng snow lo

‒ S1.07

30psf live

echanical e

5 below. Th

ds which th

ndation.

quipment

cture but

ad design c

 

load minim

equipment

hese addit

hen transfe

and under

have not b

can be foun

15 

mum

t and

ional

r the

r and

been

nd in

 

  

WIND

The late

building

in Figure

arrows.

appropr

frames (

large ar

equally e

D LOAD

eral momen

g. It is expec

e 19. The ex

The fram

riately so th

(See Figure

reas withou

effective re

DS

nt frames c

cted that ho

xpected dir

mes are d

hat most flo

12). This l

ut lateral re

gardless of

Figure 1

constitute t

orizontal fo

rection of fo

distributed,

oor bays sh

ayout prov

esistance.

f wind direc

7: Line 1 La

Courtesy o

the majorit

orces like th

orces on th

though

hare at least

vides for a m

Symmetry

ction (from

teral Frame

of STRADA

ty of wind

hose picture

he base plat

not prove

t one edge

more stable

y in the fra

left vs. from

e ‒ S2.01

resistance

ed with blu

tes are show

en yet wit

e with one

e structure

ames allow

m right in F

 

framing in

ue arrows b

wn with ora

th calculat

of the mom

as there ar

ws them to

igure 17).

16 

n the

elow

ange

tions,

ment

re no

o act

 

  

PRO

After

Orchard

critical

aestheti

effective

The e

very viab

mechan

leaves a

addition

As me

compris

efficient

concent

To mit

need to

alternate

OBLEM

analyzing t

Plaza was

structural

c and arch

eness.

existing floo

ble for mat

nical and ele

void of un

nal dropped

entioned in

ed of six m

use of ste

trically brac

tigate some

o be made

e bracing m

M STA

the gravity

found to b

improveme

itectural en

or system is

terial cost c

ectrical syst

nused spac

d acoustic c

n the struc

main eccen

eel, the fra

ed frames.

e of these c

to the ex

method will

ATEME

system, lat

be accepta

ents are n

nhancemen

comprised

control and

tems must

ce between

eiling tile g

ctural overv

trically brac

ames are n

constructio

xisting grav

be easier to

ENT

eral system

able under

necessary, t

nt and ana

d of compo

d strength.

pass below

n the floor

rid is hung

view, Orch

ced frames

not as easy

n and spac

vity and lat

o install and

m, and loadi

the codes

the structu

lyzed to en

site beams

One down

w the solid

decking an

below all th

ard Plaza’s

s. While str

y to constr

ce utilizatio

teral system

d lower in c

ing factors

used for d

ure will be

nsure pract

and girder

nside of this

floor gravi

nd beams

he mechan

existing la

ucturally su

ruct as the

n concerns

ms. It is be

ost.

 

the structu

esign. Sinc

e modified

ticality and

rs. This syste

s system is

ty system.

and girders

ical system

ateral syste

ufficient an

eir counterp

s, alteration

elieved tha

17 

ure of

ce no

d for

cost

em is

that

This

s. An

s.

em is

d an

parts,

s will

at an

 

  

PRO

A solu

mechan

ductwor

done in

allow fo

workspa

The gr

28’ to de

of raisin

column

and stre

The l

stiffness

frames i

will be a

be analy

concent

architec

OPOSE

ution to th

nical and ele

rk and con

order to m

or the acou

ace.

ravity system

etermine if

g the acou

layout is p

ngth will be

ateral syste

. This increa

nto one ba

nalyzed usi

yzed in ET

trically brac

ture breadt

ED SO

he integrat

ectrical com

duit to pas

maximize sp

stic ceiling

m will be m

additional g

ustic ceilin

lanned to r

e analyzed

em will be

ased stiffnes

y in order t

ing RISA to

ABS to det

ced frames

th.

OLUTI

ion concer

mponents is

ss through

pace utilizat

grid to be

modeled usi

girders to c

g grid, con

remain the

and modifie

e changed

ss will be us

to decrease

compare s

termine ov

s has aesth

ON

rn betwee

to use a jo

the depth

tion and int

e hung slig

ng the two

control the d

ntrolling th

same as th

ed as neces

to conce

sed to help

e material an

tructural ef

verall drifts

hetic reason

n the floo

ist system f

of the floo

tegration b

ghtly highe

o typical bay

depth of th

he depth o

he existing s

ssary.

entrically b

p convert so

nd construc

ffectiveness

and deflec

ning as we

r gravity s

for the floor

or structure

between flo

er, providing

y sizes of 35

he joists. Wit

of the joists

structure b

raced fram

ome of the

ction costs.

s and full he

ctions. The

ell that is

 

ystem and

r. Joists allow

. This woul

oors. This sh

g a more o

5’ x 42’ and

th the inten

s is critical.

ut column

mes to incr

two bay br

. Individual

eight frame

e choice to

detailed in

18 

d the

w for

d be

hould

open

35’ x

ntion

The

sizes

rease

raced

bays

s will

o use

n the

 

  

BRE

ARCH

It is prop

wall. The

logical to

This new

braced f

wall with

DAYL

With the

daylight

paths th

necessa

be discu

research

systems

ADTH

HITECT

posed that t

e existing st

o further pr

w system wo

frames wou

h the new f

LIGHTIN

e introducti

entering th

roughout t

ry. Factors s

ussed. Once

hed, an idea

into the sp

HS

URE

the existing

tructure wa

rovide an in

ould also ex

uld provide

floor joist sy

NG

on of a new

he space, an

the year and

such as glaz

e all factors i

al system wi

pace.

g and prima

s designed

nviting work

xpose the la

a dramatic

ystem will al

w curtain wa

n analysis w

d proposed

zing type an

influencing

ill be propo

rily masonr

to provide

k environme

ateral system

architectur

so be cons

all system a

will be perfo

d systems to

nd shading

natural ligh

osed as well

ry façade w

an open w

ent by utiliz

m. The prop

ral feature. I

idered.

and a much

ormed to de

o mitigate e

devices, bo

hting on Or

as details f

ill be chang

workspace, s

zing a curta

posed conc

ntegration

h higher am

etermine th

excess sunli

oth active a

rchard Plaza

for integrati

 

ged to a cur

so it seems

in wall syste

centrically

of the curta

mount of

e natural lig

ght when

nd passive,

a are

ng relevant

19 

rtain

em.

ain

ght

, will

t

 

  

TAS

Task 1- R

• U

• D

Task 2 ‒

• R

• O

• P

Task 3 ‒

Task 4 ‒

• In

• F

• D

Task 5 ‒

• C

Task 6 ‒

Task 7 ‒

• D

• C

fe

K LIST

Redesign flo

Use Vulcraft

Determine if

Integration

esearch int

Outline and

rovide conc

Write up g

Redesign L

ndividual ba

ull frame co

Detail memb

Cost analys

Compare red

Write up la

Architectu

Determine id

Create mode

eatures

T

oor system a

catalogue t

f additional

n of MEP wit

egration to

detail integ

ceptual mo

ravity system

Lateral syste

ay analysis i

omparison

ber selectio

sis of Gravity

designed sy

teral system

ral Breadth

deal curtain

el that show

and loading

to size and

girders are

th new joist

ools and tec

gration of sy

odel of impr

m modifica

em

n RISA

in ETABS

ons

y and Later

ystems with

m modificat

n wall system

ws the conc

g

specify jois

needed

ts

chniques wi

ystems with

roved raised

ations in rep

ral systems

h existing an

tions in repo

m

centrically b

ts using kno

ith joist syst

h joists

d ceiling gri

port

nd include

ort

braced fram

own load v

tems

id

in report

mes as new a

 

alues

architectura

20 

al

 

  

Task 8 ‒

• A

• R

th

Task 9 ‒

Task 10 ‒

Daylighting

Analyze sun

esearch an

he workspa

Include Bre

‒ Compile F

g Breadth

paths on b

d select bes

ce

eadth topic

Final report

building site

st active an

s in report i

t and presen

e

d passive m

ncluding co

ntation

means of co

ost analysis

ontrolling da

s

 

aylight ente

21 

ering

 

  

Pdh

ShdlCh

hD

SJan 13‐19

Jan 20‐26

Jan 27 ‐ Feb 2

Feb 3‐9

Feb 10‐16

Feb 7‐23

Feb 24 ‐ Mar 2

Mar 3‐9

Mar 10‐16

Mar 17‐23

Mar 24‐30

Mar 31 ‐ A

pr 6

Apr 7

‐9

Proposed Thesis Schedule - Christopher Duarte - Spring 2014

Task 1: Red

esign ne

w floo

r joist sy

stem

Sprin

gMile

ston

e 4: Final re

port & presentation

gj

y

Task 2: M

EP integration 

with

 joists

Task 3: N

ew gravity sy

stem

 write‐up

Break

Mile

ston

e 3: Breadths

Task 5: Cost analysis

writeup

Task 4: Red

esign Lateral System

Mile

ston

e 1: Gravity sy

stem

Task 6: N

ew La

teral 

system

 write‐up Task 7:

Breadth 1

Task

10:Com

pile

finalrepo

rtand

Mile

ston

e 2: La

teral system

Task 8: Breadth 2

Task 9: Breadth write‐up

Task 10: Com

pile  final re

port and

 presen

tatio

n

Update CPEP site

  22 

 

  

CON

W

modifica

of comp

concent

exposed

able to i

The com

open wo

NCLU

While the

ations look

posite deck

trically brac

d lateral sys

ntegrate so

mbination o

orkspace.

SION

existing s

to reduce

king for a

ced lateral s

stem will th

ome MEP sy

of the curta

structure w

the comple

more mod

system. By

hen becom

ystems with

in wall and

was found

exities of th

dular system

modifying

e an archit

h the new jo

d raised ceil

d to be a

he lateral sy

m of joists

the façade

tectural fea

oists, a high

lings will ad

adequate,

ystem and s

s and girde

e to a full c

ture. With

her ceiling w

dd to an alr

 

the prop

stud installa

ers and sim

curtain wall

hopes of b

will be achie

ready enjoy

23 

osed

ation

mpler

l, the

being

eved.

yable