Project Presentation (CS499)-Albert Maira

8/6/2019 Project Presentation (CS499)-Albert Maira

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FINAL YEAR PROJECT

PRESENTATION(CS499)

Project title: Microcontroller basedTAXI billing system

Name of Candidate: Maira, Albert M.Supervisor: Dr. M.M. KissakaRegistration number:2006-04-05608

Submission Date:23

rd

JULY 2010


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Presentation overview Introduction

Problem statements

Objectives

Methodologies

Literature review

System modelling

System operation

Conclusion

Recommendations Project costs

Project activity schedule


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Introduction

Microcontroller based TAXI billing systemis a system designed to computerise

taxicab billing services.

Taxicabs are a common means of

transportation in our modern day townsand cities.

Need of automation in present day society,

necessitated mechanisation of taxicabbilling ( i.e. taximeters were born).


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Introduction Cont.

Current situation found in Tanzanian towns;

Taxicab billing involves negotiation of priceby word of mouth.

Only after the cost has been bargained,

negotiated and agreed between taxicabdriver and a customer can a journey begin.

This present situation has severalinconveniences to taxicab users.


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Problem statements

The present situation has the followingshortcomings

Lack of clear billing structure.

Wastage of time during price bargain.

Difficulties to newcomers into town in pricebargain.

Difficulties to non Swahili speakers in pricenegotiation.


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Objectives

The main objective is to computerise andthus automate taxicab billing byspecifically designing a microcontrollercircuit that;

Measures travelled distance and hired

time of a journey. Calculates cost incurred by a customer by

using predetermined billing rates that arebased on both distance and time.

Displays hired time, distance travelled

and cost incurred on an alphanumericLCD screen.


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Methodology

Since the design is an embeddedelectronics application both hardware and

software design principles were used.

Literature review

Functional requirements elicitation fromusers.

System requirements identification.

System design modelling.

System design implementation.

Prototype testing and design refinement.


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Literature review

There are three types of taximeters

Mechanical taximeters

Microprocessor taximeters

Micro-controller taximeters


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Literature review cont.

Mechanical taximeters were the earlymeans of mechanizing taximeters by using

mechanical computing gears. They have advantages of not being easily

affected by temperature variations,electrical and electromagneticinterferences.

However, they are not an ideal choice inthis design; due to presence of presentday ubiquitous cheap, efficient and readily

available electronic technology solutions.


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Microprocessor taximeters are thetaximeters that utilize general purpose

microprocessor. They have advantages of having; very

high performance and easy to interfacethem with other peripherals.

However they are not an ideal choice in

this design because they have high costand power requirements and thus will beuneconomical to implement them in

taximeters.


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Micro-controller taximeters are taximetersthat use dedicated services of a micro-

controller to provide data processing. They have advantages of being

economical, good performance and highflexibility in provisioning of billing options.

This is an ideal choice in this design due

to the above advantages.


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System design modellingThe system has the following main blocks

Keypad: used to capture user settings.

Wheel revolution sensor: a pulsar thatgenerates an interrupt to the micro-controller whenever it senses a wheelrevolution.

LCD screen: an alphanumeric display

device to provide visual user interface. Micro-controller: this is a processing

engine that performs all computations andcontrol decisions.


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System design modelling cont.

The system flowchart in this design usesthree asynchronous program threads

Main program thread: this is a billing loopthat continuously updates the display and

checks keypad status. Wheel revolution sensor ISR: an interrupt

service routine to handle wheel revolution

sensor interrupt and determine distancecovered for billing purposes.

TIMER1 overflow ISR: interrupt serviceroutine to keep track of hiring time forbilling purposes.


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System design modelling cont.

In this design hiring time is accomplishedthrough an internal 16bit counter that is

set to cause an interrupt on overflowafter every 2 seconds.

This time interrupt generated will beused to monitor hiring time (which is tobe measured in minutes and hours).

Cost (in T.Shs) due to hiring time iscalculated by multiplying measured hiringtime and set predetermined time billing

rate(in T.Shs per minute).


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System operation

A typical system operates through threeroutine steps

1. User prompted for choice (simulation,implementation)

2. Billing is done continuously when startkey is pressed (simulation,implementation)

3. Cost is displayed and billing stoppedwhen stop key is pressed (simulation,implementation)


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Conclusions

The project design objectives have been dulymet however numerous challenges were

encountered; Parts availability

Parts affordability Absence of PIC microcontroller microcode

programmer at the department.


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Bill of materials of the design


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Project costs


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Project activity schedule


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The End.

Thank you for your kind

attention you are welcome forquestions/inquiries and/orremarks.


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Block diagram

Keypad

Microcontroller

Revolution sensor

Display

Return


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System flow chart

Return


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Billing options simulation

RA0/AN02

RA1/AN13

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF4

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6

RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7

RE0/AN5/RD8

RE1/AN6/WR9

RE2/AN7/CS10

OSC1/CLKIN13

OSC2/CLKOUT14

RC1/T1OSI/CCP216

RC2/CCP117

RC3/SCK/SCL18

RD0/PSP019

RD1/PSP120

RB7/PGD40

RB6/PGC39

RB538

RB437

RB3/PGM36

RB235

RB134

RB0/INT 33

RD7/PSP730

RD6/PSP629

RD5/PSP528

RD4/PSP427

RD3/PSP322

RD2/PSP221

RC7/RX/DT

26RC6/TX/CK

25RC5/SDO

24RC4/SDI/SDA

23

RA3/AN3/VREF+5

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15

MCLR/Vpp/THV1

MICROCONTROLLER

PIC16F877A

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0 #

1 2 3

A

B

C

D

KEYPAD4 BY 3

C1

15p

C2

15p

OSCILLATOR1MHz

VDD

R139k

C30.85n

R2

2k

SENSOR

C4100n

PROTECTION RESISTOR

280

D7

14

D6

13

D5

12

D4

11

D3

10

D2

9

D1

8

D0

7

E

6

RW

5

RS

4

VSS

1

VDD

2

VEE

3

LCD1LM016L

Return


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Billing options implementation

Return


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Billing simulation

RA0/AN02

RA1/AN13


RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6

RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7

RE0/AN5/RD8

RE1/AN6/WR9

RE2/AN7/CS10

OSC1/CLKIN13OSC2/CLKOUT

14

RC1/T1OSI/CCP216

RC2/CCP117

RC3/SCK/SCL18

RD0/PSP019

RD1/PSP120

RB7/PGD40

RB6/PGC39

RB538

RB437

RB3/PGM36

RB235

RB134RB0/INT 33

RD7/PSP730

RD6/PSP629

RD5/PSP528

RD4/PSP427

RD3/PSP322

RD2/PSP221

RC7/RX/DT26

RC6/TX/CK25

RC5/SDO24

RC4/SDI/SDA23

RA3/AN3/VREF+5

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15

MCLR/Vpp/THV1

MICROCONTROLLER

PIC16F877A

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0 #

1 2 3

A

B

C

D

KEYPAD4 BY 3

C1

15p

C2

15p

OSCILLATOR1MHz

VDD

R139k

C30.85n

R2

2k

SENSOR

C4100n

PROTECTION RESISTOR

280

D7

14

D6

13

D5

12

D4

11

D3

10

D2

9

D1

8

D0

7

E

6

RW

5

RS

4

VSS

1

VDD

2

VEE

3

LCD1LM016L

Return


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Billing implementation

Return


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Cost display simulation

RA0/AN02

RA1/AN13


RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6

RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7

RE0/AN5/RD8

RE1/AN6/WR9

RE2/AN7/CS10

OSC1/CLKIN13OSC2/CLKOUT

14

RC1/T1OSI/CCP216

RC2/CCP117

RC3/SCK/SCL18

RD0/PSP019

RD1/PSP120

RB7/PGD40

RB6/PGC39

RB538

RB437

RB3/PGM36

RB235

RB134

RB0/INT 33

RD7/PSP730

RD6/PSP629

RD5/PSP528

RD4/PSP427

RD3/PSP322

RD2/PSP221

RC7/RX/DT26

RC6/TX/CK25

RC5/SDO24

RC4/SDI/SDA23

RA3/AN3/VREF+5

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15

MCLR/Vpp/THV1

MICROCONTROLLER

PIC16F877A

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0 #

1 2 3

A

B

C

D

KEYPAD4 BY 3

C1

15p

C2

15p

OSCILLATOR1MHz

VDD

R139k

C30.85n

R2

2k

SENSOR

C4100n

PROTECTION RESISTOR

280

D7

14

D6

13

D5

12

D4

11

D3

10

D2

9

D1

8

D0

7

E

6

RW

5

RS

4

VSS

1

VDD

2

VEE

3

LCD1LM016L

Return


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Cost display implementation

Project Presentation (CS499)-Albert Maira

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