Project Presentation on Design and Analysis of Multiband Fractal Antenna

Submitted byKumar GaurawPankaj KumarAashish KumarMayank Rai

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OFP. S. Saini

Fractal Antenna• According to Webster's Dictionary a fractal is defined as

being "derived from the Latin fractus meaning broken, uneven: any of various extremely irregular curves or shape that repeat themselves at any scale on which they are examined.“

• Fractals are complex geometric designs that repeat themselves, or their statistical properties on many scales, and are thus “self Similar.”

• The geometry of fractals is important because the effective length of the fractal antennas can be increased while keeping at total area same.

• The fractal antenna not only has a large effective length, but the contours of its shape can generate a capacitance or inductance that can help to match the antenna to the circuit.

• Fractal antennas can take on various shapes and forms.

METHODLOGY• Design.• Simulation using software. • Fabrication and testing.• Comparison of simulated and measured results.

Software Used

• ZELAND IE3D version 14.0• HFSS (as per the availability)• CST microwave studio suite• MATLAB

Software Requirement

• ZELAND IE3D version 14.0

Simulation Step

Material specificationUsed material- glass epoxyDielectric constant of substrate- 4.2Centre frequency- 2.1 GHzLoss tangent- 0.002Width- 65mmLength- 72mmHeight - 1.6mm

ZO- 50Ω

Stages of fabricationDesign layout on paperPhoto reductionPrinting on PCBEtching

Zealand Program manager

Fractal Geometry

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

iteraion -1

Result Calculation on Zealand

Result of iteration -1

Iteration-2

Result Calculation on Zealand

Result of Iteration-2

Iteration-3

Result Calculation on Zealand

Result of Iteration-3

Iteration-4

Result Calculation on Zealand

Result of Iteration-4

ADVANTAGE• Frequency independent (consistent performance over huge

frequency range).

• Designed for harshest conditions (In use by military and commercial customers).

• Smaller, multiband & Greater versatility.

• Lowers cost and enhances desirability.

DISADVANTAGE• Gain loss • Complexity • Numerical limitations • The benefits begin to diminish after first few iterations

APPLICATION• The sudden grow in the wireless communication area has sprung a need for

compact integrated antennas.

• The space saving abilities of fractals to efficiently fill a limited amount ct space create distinct advantage of using integrated fractal antennas over Euclidean geometry.

• Fractal antennas can also enrich applications that include multiband transmissions.

• This area has many possible ranging from dual-mode phones to devices integrating

• Examples of these types of application include personal hand-held wireless devices such as cell phones and other wireless mobile devices such as laptop s on wireless LANs and networkable PDAs.

CONCLUSION• Many variations of fractal geometries have been incorporated

into the design of antennas. Further work is required to get an understanding of the relationship between the performance of the antenna and the fractal dimension of the geometry that is utilized In it’s construction. This requires two curses of action.

• The first course of action requires that many more examples of fractal geometries are applied to antennas.

• The second crucial course of action is to attain a better understanding of the fractal dimension of the geometries such that correlations can be drawn about this dimension and the performance of the antenna.

• Also important is that the design of the antenna approaches an ideal fractal as much as possible. Several iterations can be studied to understand the trends that govern the antenna to better understand the physics of the problem.