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Project Planning Manual:Enclosure Heat Dissipation

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Project Planning ManualEnclosure Heat Dissipation

The following authors have contributed to this book:

Ahrent, Kai – SIEMENS AGBerger, Johannes – DAIMLER AGBliesner, Juergen – SIEMENS AGHainzinger, Roman – AUDI AGHenrichs, Bernd – Rittal GmbH & Co. KGHerold, Uwe – SIEMENS AGHintemann, Peter – EPLAN Software & Service GmbH & Co. KGKampe, Joachim – Niles-Simmons Industrieanlagen GmbHKeller, Frank – Rittal GmbH & Co. KGMayer, Konrad – AUDI AGSchneider, Ralf– Rittal GmbH & Co. KGScholl, Michael – Rittal GmbH & Co. KGSchiffer, Dag Michael – Rittal GmbH & Co. KGWinter, Klaus – FELSOMAT GmbH & Co. KG

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Translation: alphabit® Fachübersetzungen

Project management: Wolfgang ArztEditor: Bettina LunkProduction: Luitgard LudwigCover design: abavo GmbH, 86807 Buchloe; Rittal GmbH & Co. KG, 35745 HerbornTypesetting: abavo GmbH, 86807 BuchloePrinting and binding: Kessler Druck + Medien GmbH, 86399 Bobingen

All rights reserved, especially those rights for duplication and distribution as well as translation.No part of this document may be saved, reproduced, edited, copied or distributed in any form whatsoever or in electronic systems (through photocopy, microfi lm or any other method) without the prior written approval of the publishers.

Contents

Preface 5

1.0 Introduction 7

2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure 9

2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the drive assembly as an example ..........................................................................................................................................................9

3.0 Enclosure heat dissipation 11

3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units .......................................... 123.1.1 External air circulation ............................................................................................................................ 123.1.2 Internal air circulation ............................................................................................................................. 143.2 Sealing of the enclosure .......................................................................................................................... 153.3 Climate control in the enclosure .......................................................................................................... 173.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air ............................................................................................................ 173.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive units ............................................................................................ 303.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosures ......................................................................................... 343.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure ............................................................................ 363.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat .................................................................................................. 373.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment ........................................................... 383.7 Dehumidifi cation of the enclosure air – condensate ....................................................................... 413.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting tray ......................................................... 413.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporation ..................................................................................................... 443.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formation ............................................ 46

4.0 Special features when cooling drive components using the example

of Sinamics/Simodrive 49

4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611 ...................................................................................................................... 514.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize ............................................................................................................... 524.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis .................................................................................................................. 534.4 External heat dissipation ......................................................................................................................... 55

5.0 The most important issues for enclosure climate control 57

6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures 59

7.0 Appendix 61

7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control .............................................................................................. 617.2 Minimum specifi cations for calculations pertaining to enclosure climate control ..................... 627.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data pertaining to enclosure climate control .................................................................................................................. 637.4 Example of dimensioning a climate control component ................................................................. 647.5 Instructions for EMC ............................................................................................................................... 677.6 Information references on the subject of heat dissipation in enclosures .................................... 687.7 Table of fi gures .......................................................................................................................................... 697.8 Notes ........................................................................................................................................................... 70

Bibliographical information of the German libraryThe German library lists this publication in the German National Library.Detailed bibliographical data can be found on the Internet at www.d-nb.de.

ISBN: 978-3-937889-86-3

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Translation: alphabit® Fachübersetzungen

Project management: Wolfgang ArztEditor: Bettina LunkProduction: Luitgard LudwigCover design: abavo GmbH, 86807 Buchloe; Rittal GmbH & Co. KG, 35745 HerbornTypesetting: abavo GmbH, 86807 BuchloePrinting and binding: Kessler Druck + Medien GmbH, 86399 Bobingen

All rights reserved, especially those rights for duplication and distribution as well as translation.No part of this document may be saved, reproduced, edited, copied or distributed in any form whatsoever or in electronic systems (through photocopy, microfi lm or any other method) without the prior written approval of the publishers.

Contents

Preface 5

1.0 Introduction 7

2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure 9

2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the drive assembly as an example ..........................................................................................................................................................9

3.0 Enclosure heat dissipation 11

3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units .......................................... 123.1.1 External air circulation ............................................................................................................................ 123.1.2 Internal air circulation ............................................................................................................................. 143.2 Sealing of the enclosure .......................................................................................................................... 153.3 Climate control in the enclosure .......................................................................................................... 173.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air ............................................................................................................ 173.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive units ............................................................................................ 303.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosures ......................................................................................... 343.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure ............................................................................ 363.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat .................................................................................................. 373.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment ........................................................... 383.7 Dehumidifi cation of the enclosure air – condensate ....................................................................... 413.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting tray ......................................................... 413.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporation ..................................................................................................... 443.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formation ............................................ 46

4.0 Special features when cooling drive components using the example

of Sinamics/Simodrive 49

4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611 ...................................................................................................................... 514.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize ............................................................................................................... 524.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis .................................................................................................................. 534.4 External heat dissipation ......................................................................................................................... 55

5.0 The most important issues for enclosure climate control 57

6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures 59

7.0 Appendix 61

7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control .............................................................................................. 617.2 Minimum specifi cations for calculations pertaining to enclosure climate control ..................... 627.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data pertaining to enclosure climate control .................................................................................................................. 637.4 Example of dimensioning a climate control component ................................................................. 647.5 Instructions for EMC ............................................................................................................................... 677.6 Information references on the subject of heat dissipation in enclosures .................................... 687.7 Table of fi gures .......................................................................................................................................... 697.8 Notes ........................................................................................................................................................... 70

Bibliographical information of the German libraryThe German library lists this publication in the German National Library.Detailed bibliographical data can be found on the Internet at www.d-nb.de.

ISBN: 978-3-937889-86-3

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PrefaceEnergy effi ciency is no longer a luxury or an afterthought to industrial production processes. It has become a central concern in the specifi cation of equipment and the running of day-to-day operations. In recent years, growing concerns about resource conservation, both environmental and economic, have been woven into the fabric of the industrial landscape and forced a vigorous focus on ways to improve technolo-gies to offer energy and expense savings, as well as signifi cant reductions in waste materials that may be damaging to the environment. These efforts to heighten effi -ciency can start with key elements found in nearly all applications – control panel design and enclosure cooling.The following project guidelines were developed with input from the world’s leading experts in industrial panels and cooling, relying on decades of experience with en-closure climate control in a number of different environments. This document is intended to provide essential information on enclosure cooling to both end users and equipment manufacturers, regardless of their industry. The guidelines will be helpful to anyone looking for ways to make their industrial operations more effi -cient, and should be required reading for design engineers, controls engineers, and any technical personnel involved with enclosure climate control.As a global manufacturer of CNC gear machines used to produce gears for a wide variety of industries throughout the world, we at Gleason Works are not only striv-ing to improve the performance of our machines, but to make them as effi cient as possible. Providing the optimal combination of energy effi cient enclosure cooling and the protection of enclosure components is essential to preserving precious natural resources and enhancing our customer’s operations.

For the future of our children!

Rittal Company Principle No. 9:“We are aware of the responsibility we bear towards the environment and the world in which we live. We want to take part in shaping and improving it!”

Alan MetelskyManager of Controls Engineering, Gleason Works

Preface

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PrefaceEnergy effi ciency is no longer a luxury or an afterthought to industrial production processes. It has become a central concern in the specifi cation of equipment and the running of day-to-day operations. In recent years, growing concerns about resource conservation, both environmental and economic, have been woven into the fabric of the industrial landscape and forced a vigorous focus on ways to improve technolo-gies to offer energy and expense savings, as well as signifi cant reductions in waste materials that may be damaging to the environment. These efforts to heighten effi -ciency can start with key elements found in nearly all applications – control panel design and enclosure cooling.The following project guidelines were developed with input from the world’s leading experts in industrial panels and cooling, relying on decades of experience with en-closure climate control in a number of different environments. This document is intended to provide essential information on enclosure cooling to both end users and equipment manufacturers, regardless of their industry. The guidelines will be helpful to anyone looking for ways to make their industrial operations more effi -cient, and should be required reading for design engineers, controls engineers, and any technical personnel involved with enclosure climate control.As a global manufacturer of CNC gear machines used to produce gears for a wide variety of industries throughout the world, we at Gleason Works are not only striv-ing to improve the performance of our machines, but to make them as effi cient as possible. Providing the optimal combination of energy effi cient enclosure cooling and the protection of enclosure components is essential to preserving precious natural resources and enhancing our customer’s operations.

For the future of our children!

Rittal Company Principle No. 9:“We are aware of the responsibility we bear towards the environment and the world in which we live. We want to take part in shaping and improving it!”

Alan MetelskyManager of Controls Engineering, Gleason Works

Preface

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Introduction

1.0 IntroductionAt the initiative of the automotive industry the present guidelines for enclosure cli-mate control were created by a common research team with members from the companies AUDI AG (Ingolstadt), DAIMLER AG (Mettingen), SIEMENS AG (Chemnitz and Erlangen), NILES-SIMMONS Industrieanlagen GmbH (Chemnitz), FELSOMAT GmbH & Co. KG (Königsbach-Stein), EPLAN Software & Service GmbH & Co. KG (Monheim) and RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG (Herborn). The guidelines are based on the experience gathered by the member companies working in the fi eld of enclosure climate control as well as the results of computer simulation studies (CFD analyses) for temperature development in enclosures, which have demonstrated the basic de-pendencies between cool air fl ows and the resulting temperature distribution.The aim of the guideline is to obtain basic knowledge in the fi eld of enclosure climate control for mounting plate constructions using cooling units and air/water heat exchangers. The following figures are illustrative in nature and are applicable, in principle, to all manufacturers.

Fig. 1: Example of a CFD analysis of the temperature distribution in an air-conditioned enclosure. The installed components are cooled using a roof-mounted air/water heat exchanger together with two air duct systems. The fi gure displays the en-closure model with the doors and side panels re-moved.

Heat exchanger

Air duct systems

Inverter groups

Temperature°C 45.0

42.540.037.535.032.530.027.525.0

Fig. 2: Calculated temperature distribution in the air-conditioned enclosure

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Introduction

1.0 IntroductionAt the initiative of the automotive industry the present guidelines for enclosure cli-mate control were created by a common research team with members from the companies AUDI AG (Ingolstadt), DAIMLER AG (Mettingen), SIEMENS AG (Chemnitz and Erlangen), NILES-SIMMONS Industrieanlagen GmbH (Chemnitz), FELSOMAT GmbH & Co. KG (Königsbach-Stein), EPLAN Software & Service GmbH & Co. KG (Monheim) and RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG (Herborn). The guidelines are based on the experience gathered by the member companies working in the fi eld of enclosure climate control as well as the results of computer simulation studies (CFD analyses) for temperature development in enclosures, which have demonstrated the basic de-pendencies between cool air fl ows and the resulting temperature distribution.The aim of the guideline is to obtain basic knowledge in the fi eld of enclosure climate control for mounting plate constructions using cooling units and air/water heat exchangers. The following figures are illustrative in nature and are applicable, in principle, to all manufacturers.

Fig. 1: Example of a CFD analysis of the temperature distribution in an air-conditioned enclosure. The installed components are cooled using a roof-mounted air/water heat exchanger together with two air duct systems. The fi gure displays the en-closure model with the doors and side panels re-moved.

Heat exchanger

Air duct systems

Inverter groups

Temperature°C 45.0

42.540.037.535.032.530.027.525.0

Fig. 2: Calculated temperature distribution in the air-conditioned enclosure

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Arrangement of components inside the enclosure

2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosureThe pre-requisite for the correct enclosure climate control is the appropriate arrangement of the devices and equipment, which are generally arranged according to the specifi cations listed in the respective manual. Limits relating to the heat dissi-pation (orientation, free space) and/or EMC are specifi ed there. In particular, the required minimum distances between the components must be taken into account for heat dissipating components that are arranged above one another.

2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the drive assembly as an example

The components are arranged according to the specifi cations listed in the respect-ive device manual. Special attention must be paid to:

Free spaces for ventilation above and below the components• Air fl ow direction of the cool air through the components from above and below• Ventilation grid free of cables•

Fig. 4: Multi-line mounting arrangement is not recommended from the climate control point of view.

Fig. 3: Example for a single-line drive unit Sinamics S120 Booksize; Siemens AG

Braking Module

Motor Module (3–18 A)Motor Module (30 A)

Active Line Module (55 kW)

Control Unit 320

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Arrangement of components inside the enclosure

2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosureThe pre-requisite for the correct enclosure climate control is the appropriate arrangement of the devices and equipment, which are generally arranged according to the specifi cations listed in the respective manual. Limits relating to the heat dissi-pation (orientation, free space) and/or EMC are specifi ed there. In particular, the required minimum distances between the components must be taken into account for heat dissipating components that are arranged above one another.

2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the drive assembly as an example

The components are arranged according to the specifi cations listed in the respect-ive device manual. Special attention must be paid to:

Free spaces for ventilation above and below the components• Air fl ow direction of the cool air through the components from above and below• Ventilation grid free of cables•

Fig. 4: Multi-line mounting arrangement is not recommended from the climate control point of view.

Fig. 3: Example for a single-line drive unit Sinamics S120 Booksize; Siemens AG

Braking Module

Motor Module (3–18 A)Motor Module (30 A)

Active Line Module (55 kW)

Control Unit 320

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Please pay attention to the direction of airfl ow when using fi lter fans, heat • exchangers or cooling units. The total of all lengths of preferably shielded power cables laid for connection • to motors and the mains supply

The components should be arranged in a single line. If mounting is possible using only a multi-line arrangement due to space constraints, then special measures are required for climate control.

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure Enclosure heat dissipation

3.0 Enclosure heat dissipationAs electronic components become ever smaller and are more densely packed in enclosures and electronic housings, systems are becoming increasingly sensitive to external factors such as dust, oil, moisture and temperature. The dissipation of the heat produced by systems in enclosures places particularly high demands on cooling, which can only be fulfi lled by knowledge and observance of basic cli-matic dependencies in the area of enclosure climate control. The most important basic principles concerning the enclosure climate control are presented in the following section.

Fig. 6: Enclosure built in 2007 with high packing density

Fig. 5: Enclosure built in 1988 with low packing density

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Please pay attention to the direction of airfl ow when using fi lter fans, heat • exchangers or cooling units. The total of all lengths of preferably shielded power cables laid for connection • to motors and the mains supply

The components should be arranged in a single line. If mounting is possible using only a multi-line arrangement due to space constraints, then special measures are required for climate control.

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure Enclosure heat dissipation

3.0 Enclosure heat dissipationAs electronic components become ever smaller and are more densely packed in enclosures and electronic housings, systems are becoming increasingly sensitive to external factors such as dust, oil, moisture and temperature. The dissipation of the heat produced by systems in enclosures places particularly high demands on cooling, which can only be fulfi lled by knowledge and observance of basic cli-matic dependencies in the area of enclosure climate control. The most important basic principles concerning the enclosure climate control are presented in the following section.

Fig. 6: Enclosure built in 2007 with high packing density

Fig. 5: Enclosure built in 1988 with low packing density

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Enclosure heat dissipation

3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units

3.1.1 External air circulationOpenings for air inlet and outlet in the cooling units of enclosures should have a min-imum distance of 200 mm from a wall or from one another. Other minimum distances can be obtained from specifi c guidelines of the equipment manufacturer upon request.In order to ensure trouble-free air circulation, at least one air outlet opening must remain open. If this distance cannot be maintained, a ventilation short circuit must be prevented with the help of a suitable air baffl e plate.

Fig. 7: The external air circulation for cooling units

Fig. 8: A minimum distance of 200 mm to walls must be ensured.

Fig. 9: Minimum distance not complied with

The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units

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3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units

3.1.1 External air circulationOpenings for air inlet and outlet in the cooling units of enclosures should have a min-imum distance of 200 mm from a wall or from one another. Other minimum distances can be obtained from specifi c guidelines of the equipment manufacturer upon request.In order to ensure trouble-free air circulation, at least one air outlet opening must remain open. If this distance cannot be maintained, a ventilation short circuit must be prevented with the help of a suitable air baffl e plate.

Fig. 7: The external air circulation for cooling units

Fig. 8: A minimum distance of 200 mm to walls must be ensured.

Fig. 9: Minimum distance not complied with

The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units

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3.1.2 Internal air circulation

Do not mount cooling units of wall-mounting type directly behind the mounting plate, as an air short-circuit may occur between the air inlet and outlet, which pre-vents adequate air-conditioning of the equipment installed in the enclosure. Min-imum free space of 50 mm must be ensured between the air inlet and outlet open-ings and the mounting plate when the cool air is fed diagonally. With horizontal air fl ow installations, the required free space must be at least 200 mm. Larger values of minimum free space must be maintained if specifi ed by the equipment-specifi c man-ual of the manufacturer.If the mounting can only be carried out on the rear panel of the enclosure, adequate-ly dimensioned inlet and outlet openings must be provided on the mounting plate.

Fig. 10: The internal air circulation Fig. 11: Cooling unit with obstructed internal air circulation

3.2 Sealing of the enclosure

The enclosure must be sealed in order to ensure trouble-free cooling operation. For this purpose, the protection class IP 54 must be ensured.The IP classifi cation as per IEC 60 529 describes the ability to withstand ingress of solid or liquid substances. The fi rst character of the IP class is related to solid ob-jects (dust) and the second to water.

Protection against foreign bodies Protection against moisture

Description Defi nition Description Defi nition

IP 1X Protected against solid foreign objects with a diameter of 50 mm and larger

The object probe, a sphere of 50 mm in diameter, must not penetrate fully1.

IP X1 Protected against verti-cally falling water drops

Vertically falling water drops shall have no harm-ful effects.

IP 2X Protected against solid foreign objects with a diameter of 12.5 mm and larger

The object probe, a sphere 12.5 mm in diameter must not penetrate fully1. The articulated test fi nger may penetrate up to its length of 80 mm, but adequate distance must be adhered to.

IP X2 Protected against verti-cally falling water drops when the enclosure is tilted up to 15°

Vertically falling drops must not have any harmful effects when the enclosure is tilted up to 15° in bothdirections from the vertical.

The object probe, a sphere 2.5 mm in diameter must not penetrate at all1.

IP X3 Protected against spraying water

Water sprayed at an angle of up to 60° on either side of the vertical must have no harmful effects.

IP X4 Protected against splashing water

Water splashed on the enclosure from every direction must not have any adverse effects.

IP 5X Dust-protected The ingress of dust is not fully prevented, but dust may not enter to such an extent as to impair satisfactory operation of the device or safety.

IP X5 Protected against water jets

IP 6X Dust-tight No ingress of dust at a partial vacuum of 20 mbar inside the enclosure.

IP X6 Protected against powerful water jets

Water splashed on the enclosure from every direc-tion in a powerful jet must not have any adverse effects.

IP X7 Protected against the effects of temporary immersion in water

Water must not ingress to such an extent as to cause harmful effects when the enclosure is temporarily immersed in water under standardised pressure and time conditions.

9K Water with high-pres-sure/steam-jet cleaning2

Water directed at the enclosure from every direction under greatly in-creased pressure must not have any adverse effects.

1 The full diameter of the object probe must not pass through an opening of the enclosure.2 Figure 9K according to DIN EN 40050, Part 9.

Table 1: IP classifi cation

Sealing of the enclosure

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3.1.2 Internal air circulation

Do not mount cooling units of wall-mounting type directly behind the mounting plate, as an air short-circuit may occur between the air inlet and outlet, which pre-vents adequate air-conditioning of the equipment installed in the enclosure. Min-imum free space of 50 mm must be ensured between the air inlet and outlet open-ings and the mounting plate when the cool air is fed diagonally. With horizontal air fl ow installations, the required free space must be at least 200 mm. Larger values of minimum free space must be maintained if specifi ed by the equipment-specifi c man-ual of the manufacturer.If the mounting can only be carried out on the rear panel of the enclosure, adequate-ly dimensioned inlet and outlet openings must be provided on the mounting plate.

Fig. 10: The internal air circulation Fig. 11: Cooling unit with obstructed internal air circulation

3.2 Sealing of the enclosure

The enclosure must be sealed in order to ensure trouble-free cooling operation. For this purpose, the protection class IP 54 must be ensured.The IP classifi cation as per IEC 60 529 describes the ability to withstand ingress of solid or liquid substances. The fi rst character of the IP class is related to solid ob-jects (dust) and the second to water.

Protection against foreign bodies Protection against moisture

Description Defi nition Description Defi nition

IP 1X Protected against solid foreign objects with a diameter of 50 mm and larger

The object probe, a sphere of 50 mm in diameter, must not penetrate fully1.

IP X1 Protected against verti-cally falling water drops

Vertically falling water drops shall have no harm-ful effects.

The object probe, a sphere 12.5 mm in diameter must not penetrate fully1. The articulated test fi nger may penetrate up to its length of 80 mm, but adequate distance must be adhered to.

IP X2 Protected against verti-cally falling water drops when the enclosure is tilted up to 15°

Vertically falling drops must not have any harmful effects when the enclosure is tilted up to 15° in bothdirections from the vertical.

IP X3 Protected against spraying water

Water sprayed at an angle of up to 60° on either side of the vertical must have no harmful effects.

IP X4 Protected against splashing water

IP 5X Dust-protected The ingress of dust is not fully prevented, but dust may not enter to such an extent as to impair satisfactory operation of the device or safety.

IP X5 Protected against water jets

IP 6X Dust-tight No ingress of dust at a partial vacuum of 20 mbar inside the enclosure.

IP X6 Protected against powerful water jets

Water splashed on the enclosure from every direc-tion in a powerful jet must not have any adverse effects.

IP X7 Protected against the effects of temporary immersion in water

Water must not ingress to such an extent as to cause harmful effects when the enclosure is temporarily immersed in water under standardised pressure and time conditions.

9K Water with high-pres-sure/steam-jet cleaning2

Water directed at the enclosure from every direction under greatly in-creased pressure must not have any adverse effects.

1 The full diameter of the object probe must not pass through an opening of the enclosure.2 Figure 9K according to DIN EN 40050, Part 9.

Table 1: IP classifi cation

Sealing of the enclosure

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Improperly sealed cable entries, damaged door seals or the inappropriate mounting of operating and display equipment on the surfaces of the enclosure result in forma-tion of many litres of condensate per day under unfavourable conditions and gener-ally lead to a higher temperature level in the enclosure.

Fig. 12: Proper cable routing using membrane cable entries

Fig. 13: Leaks in the area of the cable entries

Fig. 14: Enclosure arrangement without sealing

3.3 Climate control in the enclosure

The climate control in the enclosure has a decisive impact on the quality of heat dis-sipation within the enclosure, therefore on the fault-free operation of the entire system and/or motor. Proper introduction of cold air in the enclosure and particu-larly its subsequent distribution are of special importance for this purpose.

3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold airThe cold air is supplied above the cooling units, which are mounted on the side panels or doors of the enclosure as well as over the roof-mounted devices or equip-ment, which is placed in the bottom section of the enclosure. In doing so, the design of the cooling units required is primarily based upon – apart from the effective cool-ing power – the dimensions of the enclosure, the space in the vicinity of the en-closure as well as the arrangement of the components to be cooled in the enclos-ure. Independent of the device selection, the cool air is generally supplied below the active components in the enclosure and the distance between the cold air outlet opening and an active component must be designed in such a manner that the cold air can fl ow into the enclosure without hindrance.

Fig. 15: Between the cold air outlet opening and an active component a minimum distance of 200 mm is necessary.

Cold air outlet opening

Fig. 16: Cold air cannot fl ow into the enclosure unhindered.

Climate control in the enclosure

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Improperly sealed cable entries, damaged door seals or the inappropriate mounting of operating and display equipment on the surfaces of the enclosure result in forma-tion of many litres of condensate per day under unfavourable conditions and gener-ally lead to a higher temperature level in the enclosure.

Fig. 12: Proper cable routing using membrane cable entries

Fig. 13: Leaks in the area of the cable entries

Fig. 14: Enclosure arrangement without sealing

3.3 Climate control in the enclosure

The climate control in the enclosure has a decisive impact on the quality of heat dis-sipation within the enclosure, therefore on the fault-free operation of the entire system and/or motor. Proper introduction of cold air in the enclosure and particu-larly its subsequent distribution are of special importance for this purpose.

3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold airThe cold air is supplied above the cooling units, which are mounted on the side panels or doors of the enclosure as well as over the roof-mounted devices or equip-ment, which is placed in the bottom section of the enclosure. In doing so, the design of the cooling units required is primarily based upon – apart from the effective cool-ing power – the dimensions of the enclosure, the space in the vicinity of the en-closure as well as the arrangement of the components to be cooled in the enclos-ure. Independent of the device selection, the cool air is generally supplied below the active components in the enclosure and the distance between the cold air outlet opening and an active component must be designed in such a manner that the cold air can fl ow into the enclosure without hindrance.

Fig. 15: Between the cold air outlet opening and an active component a minimum distance of 200 mm is necessary.

Cold air outlet opening

Fig. 16: Cold air cannot fl ow into the enclosure unhindered.

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Generally, wall-mounted devices are used in enclosures that have a single-line group of inverters. The cooling unit is mounted preferably on one of the doors of the enclos-ure for cooling of such enclosures. Therefore, the cold air is provided below the bank. The required minimum distance of 200 mm between the cold air outlet and the main components to be cooled is generally ensured by the distance between the enclosure door and the mounting plate provided by the constructional design.If the required distance is not provided in exceptional circumstances, then the cold air is supplied via an air baffl e plate at the cold air outlet of the cooling unit in the bottom section below the components to be cooled.

Fig. 17: Cooling unit with air baffl e plate at the cool air outlet

The dissipation of the heated air must be carried out above the active components – as a rule, in the ceiling section of the enclosure. When selecting a wall-mounted cooling unit, not only the cooling capacity of the unit is important, but also the con-struction height or the distance between the cold air outlet opening and the hot air intake opening.

Fig. 20: Cold air is fed above the lower drive unit.Fig. 19: Cold air is provided below the components.

Fig. 18: Cooling unit with air diverter at the hot air intake

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Generally, wall-mounted devices are used in enclosures that have a single-line group of inverters. The cooling unit is mounted preferably on one of the doors of the enclos-ure for cooling of such enclosures. Therefore, the cold air is provided below the bank. The required minimum distance of 200 mm between the cold air outlet and the main components to be cooled is generally ensured by the distance between the enclosure door and the mounting plate provided by the constructional design.If the required distance is not provided in exceptional circumstances, then the cold air is supplied via an air baffl e plate at the cold air outlet of the cooling unit in the bottom section below the components to be cooled.

Fig. 17: Cooling unit with air baffl e plate at the cool air outlet

The dissipation of the heated air must be carried out above the active components – as a rule, in the ceiling section of the enclosure. When selecting a wall-mounted cooling unit, not only the cooling capacity of the unit is important, but also the con-struction height or the distance between the cold air outlet opening and the hot air intake opening.

Fig. 20: Cold air is fed above the lower drive unit.Fig. 19: Cold air is provided below the components.

Fig. 18: Cooling unit with air diverter at the hot air intake

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Door-mounting of a cooling unit is preferable as compared to its mounting on a side panel from the climate control point of view, as the inverter group is fed with cold air from the side in the case of the latter and therefore there is the risk that the cold air remains partially unutilised by fl owing below the inverter group. Furthermore, the development of circulatory fl ow can be initiated in the enclosure, which transports heated air from the region of the enclosure above the heat-producing components in the bottom section of the enclosure – and, thus, below the components that need to be cooled. It is recommended to provide shielding between the inverter group and the walls of the enclosure to prevent corresponding back-fl ow.

Mounting plate

Hot air inlet

Cold air outlet

Enclosure

Inverter group

Fig. 21: Air fl ow within the inverter group with circulatory fl ow; wall-mounted cooling unit mounted on the right side panel

Roof-mounted cooling units are used for cooling single-line and multi-line inverter groups. Such units stand out particularly owing to the fact that the heat dissipated by the active components is fed to the cooling unit at the highest position in the enclosure.Roof-mounted units can be provided with many air outlet openings, which are lo-cated around one central hot air inlet opening. Cold air, which fl ows out of these openings, should be fed to the bottom section so that it can spread extensively be-low the components to be cooled. If the cold air cannot fl ow unhindered to the region below the components, then this must be ensured with the help of air duct systems. Heated by the heat dissipated by the components, the air fi nally fl ows up to the central hot air inlet opening of the cooling unit. In this manner, air circulation takes place in the enclosure, which leads to dissipation of the heat generated.

Fig. 22: The cold air currents generated by the roof-mounted cooling unit are disrupted by the rising hot air currents generated by the inverter group.

Cool air flowing from a roof-mounted cooling unit

Inverter group with integrated fans

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Door-mounting of a cooling unit is preferable as compared to its mounting on a side panel from the climate control point of view, as the inverter group is fed with cold air from the side in the case of the latter and therefore there is the risk that the cold air remains partially unutilised by fl owing below the inverter group. Furthermore, the development of circulatory fl ow can be initiated in the enclosure, which transports heated air from the region of the enclosure above the heat-producing components in the bottom section of the enclosure – and, thus, below the components that need to be cooled. It is recommended to provide shielding between the inverter group and the walls of the enclosure to prevent corresponding back-fl ow.

Mounting plate

Hot air inlet

Cold air outlet

Enclosure

Inverter group

Fig. 21: Air fl ow within the inverter group with circulatory fl ow; wall-mounted cooling unit mounted on the right side panel

Roof-mounted cooling units are used for cooling single-line and multi-line inverter groups. Such units stand out particularly owing to the fact that the heat dissipated by the active components is fed to the cooling unit at the highest position in the enclosure.Roof-mounted units can be provided with many air outlet openings, which are lo-cated around one central hot air inlet opening. Cold air, which fl ows out of these openings, should be fed to the bottom section so that it can spread extensively be-low the components to be cooled. If the cold air cannot fl ow unhindered to the region below the components, then this must be ensured with the help of air duct systems. Heated by the heat dissipated by the components, the air fi nally fl ows up to the central hot air inlet opening of the cooling unit. In this manner, air circulation takes place in the enclosure, which leads to dissipation of the heat generated.

Fig. 22: The cold air currents generated by the roof-mounted cooling unit are disrupted by the rising hot air currents generated by the inverter group.

Cool air flowing from a roof-mounted cooling unit

Inverter group with integrated fans

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Since the formation of the air currents described is affected by the location of the components in the enclosure, which are partly fi tted with integrated fans, the cold air inlet to the components should be routed via air duct systems, which guide the cold air specifi cally to those areas within the enclosure where they are required. In particular, such air duct systems allow the air-conditioning of multi-line inverter groups, whereby attention must be paid to see that the cold air is not fed directly below an inverter group. A clearance of at least 200 mm must be guaranteed.

Inverter group

> 200 mm

Air duct systems

Fig. 23: The use of air duct systems for targeting the fl ow of cold air

When designing such air fl ow systems, it must be noted that the use of a duct system reduces the cooling power of the cooling unit by up to 15%,• as many air duct systems as possible must be provided per enclosure,• pneumatic hose pipes must be laid without folding or bending them,• it is not permitted to blow air directly onto active components,• the unhindered outlet of cold air at the end of the duct must be ensured,• in the case of roof-mounted cooling units (compressor devices), which have mul-• tiple openings for cold air outlet, unhindered air outlet must be guaranteed from at least two openings.

Fig. 24: Principle of air-routing Fig. 25: Air duct systems

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Since the formation of the air currents described is affected by the location of the components in the enclosure, which are partly fi tted with integrated fans, the cold air inlet to the components should be routed via air duct systems, which guide the cold air specifi cally to those areas within the enclosure where they are required. In particular, such air duct systems allow the air-conditioning of multi-line inverter groups, whereby attention must be paid to see that the cold air is not fed directly below an inverter group. A clearance of at least 200 mm must be guaranteed.

Inverter group

> 200 mm

Air duct systems

Fig. 23: The use of air duct systems for targeting the fl ow of cold air

When designing such air fl ow systems, it must be noted that the use of a duct system reduces the cooling power of the cooling unit by up to 15%,• as many air duct systems as possible must be provided per enclosure,• pneumatic hose pipes must be laid without folding or bending them,• it is not permitted to blow air directly onto active components,• the unhindered outlet of cold air at the end of the duct must be ensured,• in the case of roof-mounted cooling units (compressor devices), which have mul-• tiple openings for cold air outlet, unhindered air outlet must be guaranteed from at least two openings.

Fig. 24: Principle of air-routing Fig. 25: Air duct systems

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Fig. 26: Air outlet openings in roof-mounted cooling units

Max. 1 x Max. 2 x

Note:Max. no. of stoppers

per unit

Fig. 27: Practical example: Enclosure climate control with roof-mounted heat exchanger and air duct system retrofi tted

Fig. 28: Enclosure climate control with air duct system

Fig. 29: Shallow duct system for cold air routing

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Fig. 26: Air outlet openings in roof-mounted cooling units

Max. 1 x Max. 2 x

Note:Max. no. of stoppers

per unit

Fig. 27: Practical example: Enclosure climate control with roof-mounted heat exchanger and air duct system retrofi tted

Fig. 28: Enclosure climate control with air duct system

Fig. 29: Shallow duct system for cold air routing

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Roof-mounted cooling units together with air duct systems, which guide the cold air up to the bottom section of the enclosure and discharge it there at low speeds via a duct having a large area and provided with air outlet openings, represent another cool-ing solution, which is particularly characterised by the fact that a relatively uniform temperature distribution is set within the enclosure and the fl ow direction of the cool air matches that of the fans installed in the inverter components. The disadvantage is that this cooling method is only partially suitable for air-conditioning enclosures having multi-line inverter groups, since the cool air is fed primarily to the lowest group and the groups above it are generally not adequately fed with cool air.

Fig. 30: Uniform fl ow of cool air within an enclosure by using an air duct system with air outlet openings in the bottom section

Openings for air inlet and air outlet of active components in the internal circuit may not be covered by electrical installations under any circumstances, as this may result that the air circulation within the enclosure is hindered and the cooling power of the unit would not be utilised adequately. If it becomes absolutely necessary to mount components in the immediate vicinity of ventilation openings, then air baffl e plates must be used to ensure equal circulation.

Fig. 32: The inlet of cold air in the inverter group is hindered by the document storage pocket.

Note: Please provide adequate storage pockets for documents at appropri-ate locations when designing the enclosure.!

Fig. 31: Storage of documents in a wiring plan pocket

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Roof-mounted cooling units together with air duct systems, which guide the cold air up to the bottom section of the enclosure and discharge it there at low speeds via a duct having a large area and provided with air outlet openings, represent another cool-ing solution, which is particularly characterised by the fact that a relatively uniform temperature distribution is set within the enclosure and the fl ow direction of the cool air matches that of the fans installed in the inverter components. The disadvantage is that this cooling method is only partially suitable for air-conditioning enclosures having multi-line inverter groups, since the cool air is fed primarily to the lowest group and the groups above it are generally not adequately fed with cool air.

Fig. 30: Uniform fl ow of cool air within an enclosure by using an air duct system with air outlet openings in the bottom section

Openings for air inlet and air outlet of active components in the internal circuit may not be covered by electrical installations under any circumstances, as this may result that the air circulation within the enclosure is hindered and the cooling power of the unit would not be utilised adequately. If it becomes absolutely necessary to mount components in the immediate vicinity of ventilation openings, then air baffl e plates must be used to ensure equal circulation.

Fig. 32: The inlet of cold air in the inverter group is hindered by the document storage pocket.

Note: Please provide adequate storage pockets for documents at appropri-ate locations when designing the enclosure.!

Fig. 31: Storage of documents in a wiring plan pocket

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Fig. 33: Cold air can reach the inlet openings of the inverter group unhindered.

Fig. 35: Cables laid properly above the inverter group

Fig. 34: Cold air inlet hindered by inappropriate lying of cables

Fig. 36: Hot air outlet hindered

Please pay attention to installed equipment, which has its own ventilation (fans or axial fans) and could be aligned in such a manner that its air fl ow direction is oriented against that of the cold air fl ow of the cooling unit. The corresponding components can cause an air short-circuit of the cooling unit and thus, hinder ad-equate air-conditioning. Possible effects of an air short-circuit are:

Icing on the cooling unit• Overheating of the components• Plant shutdown•

Fig. 37: Proper and improper air circulation in the enclosure (drawings created using EPLAN Cabinet)

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Fig. 33: Cold air can reach the inlet openings of the inverter group unhindered.

Fig. 35: Cables laid properly above the inverter group

Fig. 34: Cold air inlet hindered by inappropriate lying of cables

Fig. 36: Hot air outlet hindered

Please pay attention to installed equipment, which has its own ventilation (fans or axial fans) and could be aligned in such a manner that its air fl ow direction is oriented against that of the cold air fl ow of the cooling unit. The corresponding components can cause an air short-circuit of the cooling unit and thus, hinder ad-equate air-conditioning. Possible effects of an air short-circuit are:

Icing on the cooling unit• Overheating of the components• Plant shutdown•

Fig. 37: Proper and improper air circulation in the enclosure (drawings created using EPLAN Cabinet)

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3.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive unitsThe heat dissipation of multi-line drive assemblies places high demands on enclos-ure climate control, since heavy power losses must be dissipated in a secure manner over a relatively small area. It must be ensured, especially when placing the drive units, that adequate clearance is maintained between the units so that the waste heat fl ow of the lower drive unit is not aimed directly at the cool air inlet zones of the drive unit placed above it. In order to avoid increased temperature of the upper unit, the vertical clearance between the drive units must accord to those specifi ed by the manufacturer.

Fig. 39: With this design the minimum clearances have not been complied with.

Fig. 38: Complying with minimum clearances in the case of multi-line drive units

From the viewpoint of adequate air-conditioning of multi-line arrangements, the units should be installed with an offset on the mounting plate as far as possible with respect to the side or with respect to the depth so that the heat dissipated by the lower as-semblies can be released unhindered and is not fed again to the units above them.

Fig. 40: In the case of units arranged above one another, the heat dissipated by the lower units leads to further temperature rise of the units above them.

Temperature°C 45.0

Inverter group

Air duct systems

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3.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive unitsThe heat dissipation of multi-line drive assemblies places high demands on enclos-ure climate control, since heavy power losses must be dissipated in a secure manner over a relatively small area. It must be ensured, especially when placing the drive units, that adequate clearance is maintained between the units so that the waste heat fl ow of the lower drive unit is not aimed directly at the cool air inlet zones of the drive unit placed above it. In order to avoid increased temperature of the upper unit, the vertical clearance between the drive units must accord to those specifi ed by the manufacturer.

Fig. 39: With this design the minimum clearances have not been complied with.

Fig. 38: Complying with minimum clearances in the case of multi-line drive units

From the viewpoint of adequate air-conditioning of multi-line arrangements, the units should be installed with an offset on the mounting plate as far as possible with respect to the side or with respect to the depth so that the heat dissipated by the lower as-semblies can be released unhindered and is not fed again to the units above them.

Fig. 40: In the case of units arranged above one another, the heat dissipated by the lower units leads to further temperature rise of the units above them.

Temperature°C 45.0

Inverter group

Air duct systems

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Temperature°C

Fig. 41: Temperature distribution (35°C isotherms) in an enclosure having units arranged above one another. The upper inverter group is located in the zone having higher temperature.

Roof-mounted cooling units or roof-mounted heat exchangers together with air duct systems should be used for air-conditioning multi-line banks, which provide the cool air specifi cally to the cool air inlet zones of the inverter groups.It is not recommended to use wall-mounted cooling units for cooling inverter groups which are arranged directly above one another!

Fig. 42: Cooling of banks installed above one another. The air outlet from the air duct systems takes place via four air outlet openings.

Fig. 44: Flow of cold air below the inverter groups

Fig. 43: Isotherms 35°C (zones having the same temperature)

Temperature°C

45.042.540.037.535.032.530.027.525.0

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Temperature°C

Fig. 41: Temperature distribution (35°C isotherms) in an enclosure having units arranged above one another. The upper inverter group is located in the zone having higher temperature.

Roof-mounted cooling units or roof-mounted heat exchangers together with air duct systems should be used for air-conditioning multi-line banks, which provide the cool air specifi cally to the cool air inlet zones of the inverter groups.It is not recommended to use wall-mounted cooling units for cooling inverter groups which are arranged directly above one another!

Fig. 42: Cooling of banks installed above one another. The air outlet from the air duct systems takes place via four air outlet openings.

Fig. 44: Flow of cold air below the inverter groups

Fig. 43: Isotherms 35°C (zones having the same temperature)

Temperature°C

45.042.540.037.535.032.530.027.525.0

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3.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosuresIn the case of multi-piece enclosures, the cool air must be provided at the location having the maximum heat generation.

IncorrectC

Field 1 Field 2

Unit assembly

Field 1 Field 2

Climate control unit

Correct

Field 1 Field 2

Unit assembly

Fig. 45: Placement of the cooling units in multi-piece enclosures without intermediate walls. The fi gure illustrates the top view of the enclosures.

Fig. 46: Practical example of placement of a cooling unit: The cool air is provided at the location having the maximum heat generation. However, there is not suffi cient free space available above the inverter group.

Main power losses

Cooling unit mounted on the right door of the enclosure

Fig. 47: Example of unfavourable cooling unit placement (cooling unit 2)

Main power losses

Cooling unit 2

Cooling unit 1

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3.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosuresIn the case of multi-piece enclosures, the cool air must be provided at the location having the maximum heat generation.

Incorrect

Field 1 Field 2

Unit assembly

Field 1 Field 2

Correct

Field 1 Field 2

Unit assembly

Fig. 45: Placement of the cooling units in multi-piece enclosures without intermediate walls. The fi gure illustrates the top view of the enclosures.

Fig. 46: Practical example of placement of a cooling unit: The cool air is provided at the location having the maximum heat generation. However, there is not suffi cient free space available above the inverter group.

Main power losses

Cooling unit mounted on the right door of the enclosure

Fig. 47: Example of unfavourable cooling unit placement (cooling unit 2)

Main power losses

Cooling unit 2

Cooling unit 1

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3.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure

Cooling units for enclosures generally have a factory setting of +35°C for the internal temperature of the enclosure. This preset value represents a fair compromise between service life, cooling power and condensate formation.The set point for temperature should not be kept too low, since this quickly leads to violation of the dew point, which is associated with increased formation of conden-sate. In case of a very large difference between the internal and external tempera-ture, there is a further risk that moisture in the air condenses on the electronic components when opening the enclosure.

Fig. 48: Internal temperature setting of the enclosure on the cooling unit

3.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat

When using temperature monitoring systems, the measuring point of the tempera-ture should be located in the suction area of the components exposed to high temperature. Placing the temperature measurement device above components exposed to heat or in regions of the enclosure that are not air-conditioned must be avoided, as at these measuring points often higher temperature values are recorded, which do not have any relation to the quality of the air-conditioning within the en-closure in the vicinity of the temperature-critical components.

Fig. 49: Unfavourable placement of the enclosure thermostat in the roof area of an enclosure

Thermostat

Position of the enclosure thermostat

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3.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure

Cooling units for enclosures generally have a factory setting of +35°C for the internal temperature of the enclosure. This preset value represents a fair compromise between service life, cooling power and condensate formation.The set point for temperature should not be kept too low, since this quickly leads to violation of the dew point, which is associated with increased formation of conden-sate. In case of a very large difference between the internal and external tempera-ture, there is a further risk that moisture in the air condenses on the electronic components when opening the enclosure.

Fig. 48: Internal temperature setting of the enclosure on the cooling unit

3.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat

When using temperature monitoring systems, the measuring point of the tempera-ture should be located in the suction area of the components exposed to high temperature. Placing the temperature measurement device above components exposed to heat or in regions of the enclosure that are not air-conditioned must be avoided, as at these measuring points often higher temperature values are recorded, which do not have any relation to the quality of the air-conditioning within the en-closure in the vicinity of the temperature-critical components.

Fig. 49: Unfavourable placement of the enclosure thermostat in the roof area of an enclosure

Thermostat

Position of the enclosure thermostat

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3.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment

In highly dusty environments, the cooling unit must be protected from dust deposits using suitable fi lter equipment, as respective deposits in the area of the condenser lead to rapid reduction of the effective cooling performance. In the case of moderate dust levels, generally fi lter mats made of open-celled polyurethane foamed plastic are used, which – depending on the dust levels – must either be cleaned or replaced.In practice, randomly oriented fi bre fl eece from fan-and-fi lter units are often used as the fi lter device for cooling units, which are not suitable for this application, since dust accumulates on them very quickly due to their fi ne, porous fi lter design in conjunction with the increased air throughput in the external air circuit of a cooling unit (in comparison to fan-and-fi lter units) and thus cause reduction of the cooling power.So-called “fl uff sieves” are used in the textile industry (see Fig. 52).

Fig. 50: Filter materials (polyurethane foamed plastic, metallic fi lters and chopped-fi bre mat)

Washable metallic fi lters must be used in cooling units deployed in oily atmospheres. If air or steam condenses on the metal surfaces, any particles that may be present will adhere to the metal and are easily washed out with water or grease-dissolving deter-gents. In order to reduce the frequency of service and maintenance of cooling units that are used in oily atmospheres, it is recommended to use cooling units with a dirt-repel-lent coating of the condenser – e.g. with a nano-coating. In such units, the membranes remain clean for a longer period and the task of cleaning is made a lot easier.

Fig. 51: Nano-coating of the condenser (left: not coated, right: coated)

The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment

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3.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment

In highly dusty environments, the cooling unit must be protected from dust deposits using suitable fi lter equipment, as respective deposits in the area of the condenser lead to rapid reduction of the effective cooling performance. In the case of moderate dust levels, generally fi lter mats made of open-celled polyurethane foamed plastic are used, which – depending on the dust levels – must either be cleaned or replaced.In practice, randomly oriented fi bre fl eece from fan-and-fi lter units are often used as the fi lter device for cooling units, which are not suitable for this application, since dust accumulates on them very quickly due to their fi ne, porous fi lter design in conjunction with the increased air throughput in the external air circuit of a cooling unit (in comparison to fan-and-fi lter units) and thus cause reduction of the cooling power.So-called “fl uff sieves” are used in the textile industry (see Fig. 52).

Fig. 50: Filter materials (polyurethane foamed plastic, metallic fi lters and chopped-fi bre mat)

Washable metallic fi lters must be used in cooling units deployed in oily atmospheres. If air or steam condenses on the metal surfaces, any particles that may be present will adhere to the metal and are easily washed out with water or grease-dissolving deter-gents. In order to reduce the frequency of service and maintenance of cooling units that are used in oily atmospheres, it is recommended to use cooling units with a dirt-repel-lent coating of the condenser – e.g. with a nano-coating. In such units, the membranes remain clean for a longer period and the task of cleaning is made a lot easier.

Fig. 51: Nano-coating of the condenser (left: not coated, right: coated)

The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment

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Fig. 54: Filter for oily atmospheres

Fig. 52: Fluff sieve for the textile industry Fig. 53: Deposits at the air intake of a cooling unit (outer air circulation) in the textile industry. (The cooling unit was operated with an unsuit-able device fi lter).

Fig. 55: High degree of dirt collection on a de-vice fi lter when operating the cooling unit in an oily ambient air environment.

3.7 Dehumidi� cation of the enclosure air — condensate

When using cooling units one of the unavoidable side effects is dehumidifi cation of the air within the enclosure, since during cooling, a part of the moisture content in the air condenses on the evaporator coil. The amount of condensate occurring de-pends on the relative humidity, the air temperature in the enclosure and the evap-orator coil, and the air volume present in the enclosure. The condensate formed within the enclosure is generally discharged via a condensate discharge system. Alternatively, internal or external electrical evaporator systems are provided, which collect the condensate in a collecting tray and vaporise it when it reaches a specifi c level.

3.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting trayCondensate is discharged from the cooling unit by means of a drain integrated in the evaporator tray, which, amongst others, is formed under conditions of high humidity and low temperature within the enclosure on the evaporator coil of the cooling unit. A hose pipe must be connected to the drain and laid without kinks with suffi cient gradient for discharging the condensate. In the case of cooling units designed for roof-mounting, the condensate drainage must be implemented using

Fig. 57: Practical example

Dehumidi� cation of the enclosure air — condensate

Fig. 56: Condensate discharge using a hose and collecting tray

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Fig. 54: Filter for oily atmospheres

Fig. 52: Fluff sieve for the textile industry Fig. 53: Deposits at the air intake of a cooling unit (outer air circulation) in the textile industry. (The cooling unit was operated with an unsuit-able device fi lter).

Fig. 55: High degree of dirt collection on a de-vice fi lter when operating the cooling unit in an oily ambient air environment.

3.7 Dehumidi� cation of the enclosure air — condensate

When using cooling units one of the unavoidable side effects is dehumidifi cation of the air within the enclosure, since during cooling, a part of the moisture content in the air condenses on the evaporator coil. The amount of condensate occurring de-pends on the relative humidity, the air temperature in the enclosure and the evap-orator coil, and the air volume present in the enclosure. The condensate formed within the enclosure is generally discharged via a condensate discharge system. Alternatively, internal or external electrical evaporator systems are provided, which collect the condensate in a collecting tray and vaporise it when it reaches a specifi c level.

3.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting trayCondensate is discharged from the cooling unit by means of a drain integrated in the evaporator tray, which, amongst others, is formed under conditions of high humidity and low temperature within the enclosure on the evaporator coil of the cooling unit. A hose pipe must be connected to the drain and laid without kinks with suffi cient gradient for discharging the condensate. In the case of cooling units designed for roof-mounting, the condensate drainage must be implemented using

Fig. 57: Practical example

Fig. 56: Condensate discharge using a hose and collecting tray

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angle pieces. A back-fl ow prevention mechanism must be used in the line, which prevents the fl ow of outside air into the enclosure. The mechanism to prevent back-fl ow must be checked for contamination on a regular basis.The cross-section of the pipe may not be reduced if the hose needs to be extended.

Fig. 59: Incorrect condensate discharge; Discharge of the condensate on the roof of the enclosure

Fig. 60: Incorrect condensate discharge; Dis-charge of the condensate on fl oor of the hall – Risk of accidents!

Fig. 58: Laying the condensate hose

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angle pieces. A back-fl ow prevention mechanism must be used in the line, which prevents the fl ow of outside air into the enclosure. The mechanism to prevent back-fl ow must be checked for contamination on a regular basis.The cross-section of the pipe may not be reduced if the hose needs to be extended.

Fig. 59: Incorrect condensate discharge; Discharge of the condensate on the roof of the enclosure

Fig. 60: Incorrect condensate discharge; Dis-charge of the condensate on fl oor of the hall – Risk of accidents!

Fig. 58: Laying the condensate hose

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3.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporationHigh-quality cooling solutions are generally provided with an automatic condensate evaporator coil. Respective equipment, which is located within the cooling unit, com-prises of a condensate collecting tray, an electric heating element and a level switch. The condensate formed is collected in the collecting tray and automatically evaporated and discharged to the ambient air when a specifi c level is reached. Particularly advanced solutions feed the condensate directly to a heating element (PTC element). Automatic condensate evaporator coils can evaporate many litres of condensate each day and therefore ensure that – in a properly sealed enclosure – under normal operational conditions complete evaporation of the condensate formed takes place.

Closed plastics enclosure

Aluminium profile

PTC heating element

Rear coverStainless steel pipe

Fig. 62: Condensate evaporating equipment

In order to ensure condensate discharge in the event of a fault or in case of in-creased condensate formation, cooling units are fi tted with integrated condensate evaporator systems having a condensate safety overfl ow mechanism.

Fig. 63: Automatic condensate evaporator system with collecting tray, heating element and level switch

Fig. 64: Condensate safety overfl ow mechanism of a roof-mounted cooling unit with integrated condensate evaporator

Fig. 61: Automatic condensate evaporating equip-ment with PTC element

Condensate evaporating equipment

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3.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporationHigh-quality cooling solutions are generally provided with an automatic condensate evaporator coil. Respective equipment, which is located within the cooling unit, com-prises of a condensate collecting tray, an electric heating element and a level switch. The condensate formed is collected in the collecting tray and automatically evaporated and discharged to the ambient air when a specifi c level is reached. Particularly advanced solutions feed the condensate directly to a heating element (PTC element). Automatic condensate evaporator coils can evaporate many litres of condensate each day and therefore ensure that – in a properly sealed enclosure – under normal operational conditions complete evaporation of the condensate formed takes place.

Closed plastics enclosure

Aluminium profile

PTC heating element

Rear coverStainless steel pipe

Fig. 62: Condensate evaporating equipment

In order to ensure condensate discharge in the event of a fault or in case of in-creased condensate formation, cooling units are fi tted with integrated condensate evaporator systems having a condensate safety overfl ow mechanism.

Fig. 63: Automatic condensate evaporator system with collecting tray, heating element and level switch

Fig. 64: Condensate safety overfl ow mechanism of a roof-mounted cooling unit with integrated condensate evaporator

Fig. 61: Automatic condensate evaporating equip-ment with PTC element

Condensate evaporating equipment

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3.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formationCooling operation with the enclosure doors open results in continuous entry of air with relatively higher humidity into the enclosure, and therefore inevitably leads to the forma-tion of condensate in substantial quantities. A door operated switch can be used, which shuts down the cooling unit when the enclosure door is opened, in order to prevent condensate formation. When using door operated switches it must be ensured that in the case of enclosures arranged next to one another without separating walls and mul-tiple cooling units, each enclosure door is provided with a door operated switch. When any enclosure door is opened all cooling units should be shut down.In the case of enclosures arranged next to one another with separating walls, door oper-ated switches are required only in those enclosures that are fi tted with a cooling unit.

Fig. 65: Use of door operated switches in individual enclosures (fi gure on the left) and enclosures arranged adjacent to one another without separating walls (fi gure on the right). In the case of enclosures arranged adjacent to one another, all enclosures fi tted with cooling units must be provided with door operated switches.

Fig. 66: Door operated switch disabled

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3.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formationCooling operation with the enclosure doors open results in continuous entry of air with relatively higher humidity into the enclosure, and therefore inevitably leads to the forma-tion of condensate in substantial quantities. A door operated switch can be used, which shuts down the cooling unit when the enclosure door is opened, in order to prevent condensate formation. When using door operated switches it must be ensured that in the case of enclosures arranged next to one another without separating walls and mul-tiple cooling units, each enclosure door is provided with a door operated switch. When any enclosure door is opened all cooling units should be shut down.In the case of enclosures arranged next to one another with separating walls, door oper-ated switches are required only in those enclosures that are fi tted with a cooling unit.

Fig. 65: Use of door operated switches in individual enclosures (fi gure on the left) and enclosures arranged adjacent to one another without separating walls (fi gure on the right). In the case of enclosures arranged adjacent to one another, all enclosures fi tted with cooling units must be provided with door operated switches.

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4.0 Special features when cooling drive components using the example of Sinamics/Simodrive The components must have the cool air current fl owing vertically from the bottom (cold region) to the top (region heated by operation). The correct air fl ow direction must be ensured when using fi lter fans, heat exchangers or climate control units. The clearances specifi ed for the ventilation must be complied with. No other com-ponents and lines/cables may be laid or mounted in these areas. Lines may not be laid on the modules and the vent grills must remain free and unblocked under all circumstances. A cable duct on the mounting plate is not considered as free space!

Special features when cooling drive components

Fig. 68: Ventilation clearances for a typical drive unit (Siemens Simodrive)

Unit assembly

Cable duct

Incorrect80 mm

100 mm

Unit assembly

Cable duct

100 mm ventilation clearances at the top and bottom

Correct

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4.0 Special features when cooling drive components using the example of Sinamics/Simodrive The components must have the cool air current fl owing vertically from the bottom (cold region) to the top (region heated by operation). The correct air fl ow direction must be ensured when using fi lter fans, heat exchangers or climate control units. The clearances specifi ed for the ventilation must be complied with. No other com-ponents and lines/cables may be laid or mounted in these areas. Lines may not be laid on the modules and the vent grills must remain free and unblocked under all circumstances. A cable duct on the mounting plate is not considered as free space!

Fig. 68: Ventilation clearances for a typical drive unit (Siemens Simodrive)

Unit assembly

Cable duct

Incorrect80 mm

100 mm

Unit assembly

Cable duct

100 mm ventilation clearances at the top and bottom

Correct

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If the installation instructions of the components in the enclosure are not observed, then this can lead to reduction in the service life of components and, consequently, to their premature failure. The thermal dependencies can be described in more detail based on the Arrhenius equation: approx. 10 K temperature rise causes reduction of the service life by half and doubling of the failure rate.

–10 K –5 K 0 K 5 K 10 K 15 K 20 K 25 K 30 K

Temperature change

Nominal load

Fig. 69: Service life and failure rate of inverters depending on the temperature of the inlet air

4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611

Mounting surface

Cool air

Exhaust air

100 mm

Fig. 70: Free space above and below Simodrive 611

Note:For modules generating large quantities of heat such as the pulse resistance module and UE module 1 (10 kW) a hot air diversion plate (100 mm wide) must be provided to protect the cables from overheating.

Free spaces Simodrive 611

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If the installation instructions of the components in the enclosure are not observed, then this can lead to reduction in the service life of components and, consequently, to their premature failure. The thermal dependencies can be described in more detail based on the Arrhenius equation: approx. 10 K temperature rise causes reduction of the service life by half and doubling of the failure rate.

–10 K –5 K 0 K 5 K 10 K 15 K 20 K 25 K 30 K

Temperature change

Nominal load

Fig. 69: Service life and failure rate of inverters depending on the temperature of the inlet air

4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611

Mounting surface

Cool air

Exhaust air

100 mm

Fig. 70: Free space above and below Simodrive 611

Note:For modules generating large quantities of heat such as the pulse resistance module and UE module 1 (10 kW) a hot air diversion plate (100 mm wide) must be provided to protect the cables from overheating.

Free spaces Simodrive 611

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4.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize

Mounting surface

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 73: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive assembly with external air cooling

Note: If the components are mounted in a sealed enclos-ure, then an extra fan must be mounted to pre-vent hot spots, with the fan providing air � ow. It is advantageous to place the fan above the modules in order to achieve effective air � ow (suction).

Fig. 71: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive assembly with internal air cooling

Mountingsurface

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 72: Ventilation clearances for 300 mm modules

Mounting surface

Ventilation clearances

Cool air

Exhaust air

4.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis

The devices Sinamics S120 chassis are force-cooled using installed fans. Air short-circuits must be prevented by means of suitable shielding.

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 76: Air routing for Active Interface Modules: sizes HI and JI

Fig. 75: Active Interface Module: sizes FI and GI

Fig. 77: Active Interface Module: sizes HI and JI

Free spaces Sinamics Chassis

Fig. 74: Air routing for Active Interface Module: sizes FI and GI

Cool air

Exhaust air

Size FI Size GI

Size HI Size JI

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4.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize

Mounting surface

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 73: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive assembly with external air cooling

Note: If the components are mounted in a sealed enclos-ure, then an extra fan must be mounted to pre-vent hot spots, with the fan providing air � ow. It is advantageous to place the fan above the modules in order to achieve effective air � ow (suction).

Fig. 71: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive assembly with internal air cooling

Mountingsurface

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 72: Ventilation clearances for 300 mm modules

Mounting surface

Ventilation clearances

Cool air

Exhaust air

4.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis

The devices Sinamics S120 chassis are force-cooled using installed fans. Air short-circuits must be prevented by means of suitable shielding.

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 76: Air routing for Active Interface Modules: sizes HI and JI

Fig. 75: Active Interface Module: sizes FI and GI

Fig. 77: Active Interface Module: sizes HI and JI

Free spaces Sinamics Chassis

Fig. 74: Air routing for Active Interface Module: sizes FI and GI

Cool air

Exhaust air25

Size FI Size GI

Size HI Size JI

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Exhaust air

Fig. 80: Air routing for Active Line Modules: motor modules, sizes HX and JX

Fig. 81: Active Line Module: motor modules,sizes HX and JX

4.4 External heat dissipation

When dissipating the heat generated by a power module using external heat dissipa-tion it must be ensured that ventilation clearances above and below the plug-in heat sinks specifi ed in the customer documentation are complied with and that the air inlet for the external heat sinks is not from a highly contaminated processing zone, since the service life of the integrated fan can be substantially reduced and cooling ducts can get blocked by cooling lubricants. If cool air is available only as air from a highly contaminated processing zone, then the external heat sinks must be provided with splash protection. The heat sinks and fans must be checked at regular intervals for contamination.The additional, but reduced, power loss and heat generated in the enclosure must be dissipated with the help of forced convection – using enclosure internal fans or fan-and-fi lter units – or cooling units.

External heat dissipation

Fig. 78: Air routing for Active Line Modules: motor modules, sizes FX and GX

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 79: Active Line Module: motor modules,sizes FX and GX

Size FX Size GX

EnclosureInside

EnclosureOutside

Cooling lubrica

Splash protection

Correct

Unit assemblyCooling lu

bricant

EnclosureInside

EnclosureOutside

Incorrect

Unit assembly

Fig. 82: External heat dissipation with splash protection

Size HX Size JX

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Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 80: Air routing for Active Line Modules: motor modules, sizes HX and JX

Fig. 81: Active Line Module: motor modules,sizes HX and JX

4.4 External heat dissipation

When dissipating the heat generated by a power module using external heat dissipa-tion it must be ensured that ventilation clearances above and below the plug-in heat sinks specifi ed in the customer documentation are complied with and that the air inlet for the external heat sinks is not from a highly contaminated processing zone, since the service life of the integrated fan can be substantially reduced and cooling ducts can get blocked by cooling lubricants. If cool air is available only as air from a highly contaminated processing zone, then the external heat sinks must be provided with splash protection. The heat sinks and fans must be checked at regular intervals for contamination.The additional, but reduced, power loss and heat generated in the enclosure must be dissipated with the help of forced convection – using enclosure internal fans or fan-and-fi lter units – or cooling units.

External heat dissipation

Fig. 78: Air routing for Active Line Modules: motor modules, sizes FX and GX

Cool air

Exhaust air

Fig. 79: Active Line Module: motor modules,sizes FX and GX

Size FX Size GX

EnclosureInside

EnclosureOutside

Cooling lubrica

Splash protection

Correct

Unit assemblyCooling lu

bricant

EnclosureInside

EnclosureOutside

Incorrect

Unit assembly

Fig. 82: External heat dissipation with splash protection

Size HX Size JX

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5.0 The most important issues for enclosure climate control

• The entire heat loss of the components installed in the enclosure may not exceed the specifi c use-ful cooling output of the cooling unit (according to the cooling units characteristic).

• The location at which a cooling unit is installed should be as free of contamination as possible.

• The enclosure must be sealed in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.

• The lowest temperature within the enclosure is not the best. The preset value (35°C) is a fair compromise between service life and formation of condensate.

• The use of door operated switches prevents cooling operation when the doors are open, and thus excessive formation of condensate.

• The distance between the cooling units from one another or the wall should be at least 200 mm.

• Cooling units must be fi tted with fi lter mats if the ambient air is contaminated with dirt or dust particles. Metallic fi lter mats must be provided in the case of oily air. As an alternative, it is recom-mended to use cooling units with a dirt-repellent nano-coating of the condenser membranes. As a rule, such units can even be operated in highly contaminated ambient air environments with-out fi lter equipment.

• Filter mats must be cleaned and/or replaced regularly.

• Discharge the condensate positively. For this purpose, the instructions provided in the operating manual of the respective cooling unit must be complied with.

• Provide clearances above and below the components.

• In order to avoid hot spots, adequate air circulation of the active components must be ensured in the enclosure.

• Provide suffi cient depots in the enclosure for storing documents.

• Ventilate the components with air fl ow from the bottom to the top.

• Do not direct cold air straight at active components.

• Please pay attention to the fl ow direction in the case of components having their own ventilation (fan or axial fan).

The most important issues for enclosure climate control

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5.0 The most important issues for enclosure climate control

• The entire heat loss of the components installed in the enclosure may not exceed the specifi c use-ful cooling output of the cooling unit (according to the cooling units characteristic).

• The location at which a cooling unit is installed should be as free of contamination as possible.

• The enclosure must be sealed in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.

• The lowest temperature within the enclosure is not the best. The preset value (35°C) is a fair compromise between service life and formation of condensate.

• The use of door operated switches prevents cooling operation when the doors are open, and thus excessive formation of condensate.

• The distance between the cooling units from one another or the wall should be at least 200 mm.

• Cooling units must be fi tted with fi lter mats if the ambient air is contaminated with dirt or dust particles. Metallic fi lter mats must be provided in the case of oily air. As an alternative, it is recom-mended to use cooling units with a dirt-repellent nano-coating of the condenser membranes. As a rule, such units can even be operated in highly contaminated ambient air environments with-out fi lter equipment.

• Filter mats must be cleaned and/or replaced regularly.

• Discharge the condensate positively. For this purpose, the instructions provided in the operating manual of the respective cooling unit must be complied with.

• Provide clearances above and below the components.

• In order to avoid hot spots, adequate air circulation of the active components must be ensured in the enclosure.

• Provide suffi cient depots in the enclosure for storing documents.

• Ventilate the components with air fl ow from the bottom to the top.

• Do not direct cold air straight at active components.

• Please pay attention to the fl ow direction in the case of components having their own ventilation (fan or axial fan).

The most important issues for enclosure climate control

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6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures

Power loss to be dissipated

in kWΔT = 10 K

Ambient temperature

in °C

Air quality

< 1.5 > 1.5 20-55 20-70 > 70 dust-free dusty oily aggressive

Fan-and-fi lter units • (•) • • •

Filter mat (chopped fi bre mat)

• • • •

Fine fi lter mat(chopped fi bre mat)

• • • •

Air/air heat exchanger • • • •

Air/water heat exchanger

Standard • • • • • • • • •

Stainless steel variant • • • • • • • • •

Cooling unit

in standard design(without fi lter)

• • • •

in chemical design • • • •

with fi lter mat(open-celled polyurethane foamed plastic)

• • • •

with metallic fi lter • • • • • •

with nano-coating of the condenser membranes

• • • • • •

Table 2: Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures (•): in an individual case(Extract from the product range of RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG)

Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures

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6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures

Power loss to be dissipated

in kWΔT = 10 K

Ambient temperature

in °C

Air quality

< 1.5 > 1.5 20-55 20-70 > 70 dust-free dusty oily aggressive

Fan-and-fi lter units • (•) • • •

Filter mat (chopped fi bre mat)

• • • •

Fine fi lter mat(chopped fi bre mat)

• • • •

Air/air heat exchanger • • • •

Air/water heat exchanger

Standard • • • • • • • • •

Stainless steel variant • • • • • • • • •

Cooling unit

in standard design(without fi lter)

• • • •

in chemical design • • • •

with fi lter mat(open-celled polyurethane foamed plastic)

• • • •

with metallic fi lter • • • • • •

with nano-coating of the condenser membranes

• • • • • •

Table 2: Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures (•): in an individual case(Extract from the product range of RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG)

Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures

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O.K. Not O.K.

1. Air-conditioning calculations carried out. � �

2. Conditions on-site at the end customer taken into account – temperature,quality of air, water.

� �

3. The power loss of the components installed in the enclosure does not exceed the specifi c cooling power of the cooling unit.

� �

4. Clearances above and below the components taken into consideration in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifi cations.

� �

5. Components are ventilated with cool air in accordance with their installation; in case of components having their own ventilation, the fl ow direction in the enclosure has been checked for correctness.

� �

6. Vent grills of the components are free from obstructions, including cables. � �

7. Cold air current is not directed straight onto active components. � �

8. The inner temperature of the enclosure matches the factory setting (+35°C). In case of changes in the set point, clearance has been obtained from the elec-trical planning department.

� �

9. The enclosure is sealed on all sides (at least IP 54), especially in the region of cable entries, in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.

� �

10. Door operated switches have been installed in order to prevent increased formation of condensate.

� �

11. Secure condensate discharge mechanism installed in accordance with the operating manual.(Devices with integrated condensate evaporation, ext. condensate evaporation or condensate collecting bottle; Model No.: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)

� �

12. The correct fi lter medium has been used depending on the environmental conditions. (Information regarding the required fi lter medium: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)

� �

Company/Stamp Date/Signature

7.0 Appendix

7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control

Appendix

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O.K. Not O.K.

1. Air-conditioning calculations carried out. � �

2. Conditions on-site at the end customer taken into account – temperature,quality of air, water.

� �

3. The power loss of the components installed in the enclosure does not exceed the specifi c cooling power of the cooling unit.

� �

4. Clearances above and below the components taken into consideration in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifi cations.

� �

5. Components are ventilated with cool air in accordance with their installation; in case of components having their own ventilation, the fl ow direction in the enclosure has been checked for correctness.

� �

6. Vent grills of the components are free from obstructions, including cables. � �

7. Cold air current is not directed straight onto active components. � �

8. The inner temperature of the enclosure matches the factory setting (+35°C). In case of changes in the set point, clearance has been obtained from the elec-trical planning department.

� �

9. The enclosure is sealed on all sides (at least IP 54), especially in the region of cable entries, in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.

� �

10. Door operated switches have been installed in order to prevent increased formation of condensate.

� �

11. Secure condensate discharge mechanism installed in accordance with the operating manual.(Devices with integrated condensate evaporation, ext. condensate evaporation or condensate collecting bottle; Model No.: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)

� �

12. The correct fi lter medium has been used depending on the environmental conditions. (Information regarding the required fi lter medium: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)

� �

Company/Stamp Date/Signature

7.0 Appendix

7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control

Appendix

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7.2 Minimum speci� cations for calculations pertaining to enclosure climate control

1. Enclosure dimensions (W x H x D)2. Installation site3. Installation type (wall-mounting or fl oor-mounting)4. Maximum ambient temperature5. Maximum enclosure internal temperature6. Total power loss

Appendix

7.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data pertaining to enclosure climate control

1. Obtaining calculation data for Rittal Therm on the basis of the enclosure layout

• Enclosure item selected • Total power loss in the enclosure2. Collision check taking installation conditions into account as per the manu-

facturer’s specifi cations (including minimum distances)3. Optimal arrangement of operating devices and accessories in the enclosure4. Production data for processing of fl at parts and wires directly from the en-

closure layout

Project planning tools for designing enclosures

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7.2 Minimum speci� cations for calculations pertaining to enclosure climate control

1. Enclosure dimensions (W x H x D)2. Installation site3. Installation type (wall-mounting or fl oor-mounting)4. Maximum ambient temperature5. Maximum enclosure internal temperature6. Total power loss

Appendix

7.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data pertaining to enclosure climate control

1. Obtaining calculation data for Rittal Therm on the basis of the enclosure layout

• Enclosure item selected • Total power loss in the enclosure2. Collision check taking installation conditions into account as per the manu-

facturer’s specifi cations (including minimum distances)3. Optimal arrangement of operating devices and accessories in the enclosure4. Production data for processing of fl at parts and wires directly from the en-

closure layout

Project planning tools for designing enclosures

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7.4 Example of dimensioning a climate control component

The effective cooling power required for cooling an enclosure can be calculated using the equation (1):

e = Q.

v – Q.

s = k × A × (Ti – Tu) (2)

e = Required cooling outputGives the required cooling output of a climate control component in watts.

V = Heat lossThe heat loss describes the heat generated by the components installed in the enclosure.

s = Heat emitted by the enclosure surface Thermal output in watts, which is discharged or absorbed over the enclosure sur-face. If the internal temperature of the enclosure is higher than the ambient tem-perature (Ti > Tu), then heat is radiated from the enclosure (Q

. s > 0). If the ambient

temperature is higher than the enclosure internal temperature (Ti < Tu), then heat is transferred from the environment to the enclosure (Q

. s < 0).

k = Heat transfer coeffi cientThe heat transfer coeffi cient describes the power in watts per square metre of surface dissipated or absorbed per degree of temperature difference. In still air the heat transfer coeffi cient for sheet steel is 5.5 W/m2K and for double-walled alumin-ium-zinc enclosures it is 2.5 W/m2K.

Ti = Desired internal temperature in the enclosureThe desired internal temperature in the enclosure is obtained from the specifi cation of the components used in the enclosure (recommended value from experience: 35°C).

Tu = Maximum ambient temperature of the enclosure

A = Effective heat loss-dissipating enclosure surface according to DIN 0660, Part 500Effective enclosure surface area is the total enclosure surface area taking the heat dissipation depending on the on-site location into account.

Appendix

Table 3: Enclosure installation according to VDE 0660, Part 500

Enclosure installation type to DIN 0660, Part 500 Formula for calculating the effective sur-face area of an enclosure

Single enclosure, free-standing on all sides A (m2) = 1.8 x H x (W + D) + 1.4 x W x D

Single enclosure for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x W x (H + D) + 1.8 x D x H

First or last enclosure in a suite — free-standing A (m2) = 1.4 x D x (H + W) + 1.8 x W x H

First or last enclosure in a suite for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x H x (W + D) + 1.4 x W x D

Enclosure within a suite — free-standing A (m2) = 1.8 x W x H + 1.4 x W x D + D x H

Enclosure within a suite for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x W x (H + D) + D x H

Enclosure within a suite for wall-mounting —with covered roof surface A (m2) = 1.4 x W x H + 0.7 x W x D + D x H

Example:

An enclosure mounted on a wall in the hall and made of sheet steel is 1.20 m wide, 2.00 m high and 0.60 m deep. The installed heat loss is 1000 W. The maximum am-bient temperature is 40°C; the temperature in the enclosure may not exceed 35°C.

The heat emitted by the enclosure surface Q.

s is calculated using equation 2:

s = k × A × (Ti – Tu)

For sheet steel the heat transfer coeffi cient k = 5.5 W/m2K.

The effective heat loss-dissipating enclosure surface area according to DINVDE 0660 Part 500 (Table 3) is:

A = 1.4 × W × (H + D) + 1.8 × D × H

Using the enclosure dimensions mentioned gives:

A = 1.4 × 1.2 m × (2.0 m + 0.6 m ) + 1.8 × 0.6 m × 2.0 m = 6.528 m2

The emitted heat Q.

s is thus calculated as:

s = k × A × (Ti – Tu) = 5.5 W/m2K × 6.528 m2 × (– 5 K) = –179.52 W

Example of dimensioning a climate control component