PROJECT OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY
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1 PROJECT OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY INTRODUCTION 1. PERMACULTURE : THE SENSE OF THE INTEGRITY OF LIFE 3 2. AUTO-SUFFICIENCY AND THE SOCIAL MODEL 3 3. REALITY OF THE PRESENT 3 PRACTICAL PROJECT 1. CROPS 4 1.1. Large crops 4 1.1.1. Method of cultivating 4 1.1.2. Basic principles of a crop rotation 4 1.1.3. Rotation model 5 1.1.4. Example of rotation 6 1.2. Garden 6 1.2.1. System of cultivation 7 1.3. Establishment of embankments for parcel divisions 9 1.4. Tree and Shrub Nursery 9 1.5. Fruit tres : food-forest model 9 1.6. Natural forest : Wood for fuel and building timber 11 2. LIVESTOCK 12 2.1. Horses 12 2.1.1. Pulling 12 2.2. Cows and Goats 13 2.2.1. Fertilizer 13 2.2.2. Consumer product 13 3. INSTALLATIONS 13 3.1. Greenhouse : 150m2 13 3.2. Underground greenhouse (Walapini): 50m 2 for Winter cultivation 14 3.3. Agricultural warehouse 200m 2 15 4. ENERGY 15 4.1. Biogas 15 4.2. Vegetable oil and alcohol engine 15 4.3. Solar energy 15 4.4. Wind turbine 15 5. TOOLS 16 5.1. Animal traction 16 5.1.1. Animal-drawn machine and specific tools 16 5.1.2. Equipment for horses 17 5.2. Manual Horticultural Tools 17 5.3. Tools for processing products 18 6. TOTAL COST OF PROJECT 19 7. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 19
Transcript of PROJECT OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY
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PROJECTOFSELF-SUFFICIENCY
INTRODUCTION
1. PERMACULTURE:THESENSEOFTHEINTEGRITYOFLIFE 32. AUTO-SUFFICIENCYANDTHESOCIALMODEL 33. REALITYOFTHEPRESENT 3PRACTICALPROJECT
1. CROPS 41.1. Largecrops 41.1.1.Methodofcultivating 41.1.2.Basicprinciplesofacroprotation 41.1.3.Rotationmodel 51.1.4.Exampleofrotation 61.2. Garden 61.2.1.Systemofcultivation 71.3. Establishmentofembankmentsforparceldivisions 91.4. TreeandShrubNursery 91.5. Fruittres:food-forestmodel 91.6. Naturalforest:Woodforfuelandbuildingtimber 112. LIVESTOCK 122.1. Horses 122.1.1.Pulling 122.2. CowsandGoats 132.2.1.Fertilizer 132.2.2.Consumerproduct 133. INSTALLATIONS 133.1. Greenhouse:150m2 133.2. Undergroundgreenhouse(Walapini):50m2forWintercultivation 143.3. Agriculturalwarehouse200m2 154. ENERGY 154.1. Biogas 154.2. Vegetableoilandalcoholengine 154.3. Solarenergy 154.4. Windturbine 155. TOOLS 165.1. Animaltraction 165.1.1.Animal-drawnmachineandspecifictools 165.1.2.Equipmentforhorses 175.2. ManualHorticulturalTools 175.3. Toolsforprocessingproducts 186. TOTALCOSTOFPROJECT 197. PROJECTDEVELOPMENT 19
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INTRODUCTION
Thisplanforestablishingourself-sufficiencyprojectisjustafirststepandwillbecompletedinfollowingpresentations.
Fromwhichpointofviewcanweapproachthisprojectofself-sufficiencyemergingconsequenttothesituationgeneratedbythecoronavirus?Canitbringustoconsiderthecollapseofthecurrenteconomicsystemand,therefore,theentiresocialmodel?Doweseethisisanagonyorasarebirth?Arewepreparingourselvesonlyforsurvivalordoweconsiderthissituation,withthevisionofthepathoflife,asabenedictiontorelearnhowtolivetogether?CanwewalktowardthefinalityofLife:theconsciousnessofthepermanenceofourbeing?Thelatterisourchoiceanditiswhatmotivatesourprojectofself-sufficiency.
Onthisbasewedefinethespiritofourproject,whoserootisnotfearbutratheranewhope.Thepointistoencounterthecomplementaritybetweenourcollectiveandpersonalidentities,consideringthatourpersonalinterestisbestmetthroughservicetothecollectivethatincludesus.
Oneaspectofasicksocietyiswhenitlacksoneofitsessentialelements:theclan,whichisamedium-sizedcollectiveidentitythatincludesvariousfamilies.
Additionally,itappearsthat,atthegloballevel,thereisadegenerationoftheimmunesystemandgeneticheritageduetoanartificialwayoflifeandindustriallyproducedfoodproducts.Therefore,theprojectofself-sufficiencyisnecessarytore-establishahealthyenvironmentwithinaclansetting,producinghealthyfood.
Withthepossibilityofthecurrentsystemcollapsingprogressivelyinashortperiodoftime,weseetheurgentnecessitytoinitiatethisprojectwithoutlosingtime,takingthreetofouryearstoestablishitinstages.
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1. PERMACULTURE:THESENSEOFTHEINTEGRITYOFLIFE
Inabroadsense,permacultureisthepracticalphilosophyoflifethatconsistsoflivinginharmonywithnature,observingthefunctioningoftheecosystemsandreproducingtheminourwayofcultivatingtheland.
Itisaphilosophical,structuralvisionoflife,ofitsdynamicinreferencetoitsfinality.Thisisrelativetotheconceptoftheunityoflifethroughitsdynamicofexpansion,bythecomplementarityofitsdifferences.
Thisphilosophicalvisioncanbediscussedmoreprofoundlybasedontextsthatwehaveforthosewhoaremotivated.Examiningthepointofthefinalityoflife,theawakeningandexpansionofconsciousnessofthebeing:thepermanenceofone’sidentitythroughthetemporalityofhiscorporalexistence.
2. AUTO-SUFFICIENCYANDTHESOCIALMODEL
Weneedtoconsiderasocialmodelbasedontheclanasa’cell’.Itisapredominatelyruralmodelthat’weaves’theclan‘cells’inadynamicbasedonasystemofcooperatives.Withoutthis,theprojectofself-sufficiencywouldisolatetheclan,andthiswouldbeanotherformofsickness.
3. REALITYOFTHEPRESENT
Humanhistorycannotescapethecosmicdynamic.Allthathasabeginninghasadevelopment,aclimax,adeclineandanend.Itisacycle.
Itcouldbetoconsiderthepossibilitythatweareattheendofacycleandthatthereisanecessitytoseeanewhistoryforourselvesandhumanity:arebirth.
Itisfromthisperspectivethatwepresentamodelwhichcanservetoparticipatetoacollectiveprojectofrebirthforallofhumanity.
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PRACTICALPROJECT
Planparauncolectivode20-25personas
Toavoidfallingintoisolationism,thevisionistoproduceenoughfoodfor25people(approximately1/3extra),usingthesurplusasacurrencyandtosellinthemarkets.
1. CROPS
1.1. Largecrops
Weplanforanareaof2.5acrestoproducecereals,proteinsandoilproductsthatcanfeedtwentypersons.Itwouldalsoincludespaceforgrassandfoddertofeed2horses.
Thisisalong-termplanthatwewilldevelopinstages.Wewouldstartwithasmallerareatocoverthenecessitiesof5people;a¼oftheplanfor20people.
1.1.1. Methodofcultivating
- Annual crop rotation to improve soil structure, increase fertility andpromote resistance topestsanddiseases.
- Alternatingcrops,thencoveringcrops(greenmanure)providingnitrogenmaintainingtheleveloforganic matter, boosting soil life, limiting erosion, providing shelter and a source of food forpollinators,smallwildanimals,soilorganisms,andharvestingfodder.
1.1.2. Basicprinciplesofacroprotation
- Crops are alternated according to their sensitivity to the nutrients in the soil and their need fornitrogen, which, in agronomy, is second in importance only to water. Ideally, the break periodbetweentwocropsofthesametype(e.g.twostrawcereals)shouldbetwiceaslongastheactualgrowingperiod.
- Do not leave the soil bare during thewinter (introducing plant cover for example) and favorizerusticvarietiesthatcoverthesoil(topromoteresistancetopests).
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1.1.3. Rotationmodel
FIRSTROTATION:contributestotheincreaseofthesoilfertility;aeratesthesoilandimprovesits’structure.
- Leguminousplantshelpenrichthesoilwithnitrogen.- Thefollowingcrops*helpskeepthesoilfreefromweeds.
Plantsused:
Legumes:Alfalfa(usecloverifthesoiltypedoesnotallowthecultivationofalfalfa)
- Highcontributionofnitrogenandacropthatcleansthesoil.- Improvesthestructureofthesoilwithitsdeepandpowerfulroots- Perennialplant:inafarmwithapredominantcropalfalfaisgenerallycultivatedfor2years.Thisis
followedby5to6yearsofannualcrops.- Excellentfodder:cutevery5weeksonaverage.
Proteincrops:peas,lupins,beans
- Preventscycleofweedsanddisease- Restores nitrogen (20 to 50 additional nitrogen units compared to a previous wheat crop). For
example, a wheat crop following a pea crop produces on average almost 8q/ha more than apreviouscrop,usinglessaddednitrogen.
- Suchcropsareusedinanimalfeedbecauseoftheirhighproteincontent.
SECONDCROP:nitrogendemandingcrop
Examples:wheat,rapeseed,corn,etc.
THIRDCROP(ENDOFROTATION):soilcleaningplants(greenmulch)andlow-demandcrops.
Examples:buckwheat,rye,etc.
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1.1.4. Exampleofrotation
Theareaof2.5hectarescouldbedividedinto16plotsapproximately1500m2insizeaccordingtothefollowingrotation.Thisisanillustrativeexample:
1.2. Garden
Fortheestablishmentofourinitialplanforsmallcrops,westartedfromabaseofassociatedcrops.
Weplantocultivateanareaof500m2for5peoplethefirstyearandthenincreaseto20peopleplusanexcessof5fortheexchange.
SOURCE:"Ahealthygardenthroughintercropping",http://aupetitcolibri.free.fr
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1.2.1. Systemofcultivation
Forsmallcropswefollowamodelofpermanentboards,inspiredbythemodelofJeanMartinFORTIER.
Ourcurrentareareservedforsmall-scalecultivationis1000m2wherewehavecultivated42standardboardsof80cmwideand45cmwide.
Hereisanexampleofourboardscurrently:photoofourcropsinSantJaumedeLliercainMay2021.
Thismodelallowsus,oncetheboardiscreated,toneverwalkonit.Thuswitharegularamendmentofthesoil,themicroorganismsmultiplyquicklymakingthesoilveryrich.Italsoallowsustohaveastandardsizewhichisverypracticalfortheorganizationandtheefficiencyofourwork:thecoversofcultures,protectiveveil,amendment,etc.
Anotherbeneficialaspectofthiscultivationtechnique:closelyspacedplantingsallowustoachieveahighyieldaswellasaquickandcompletecoverofthesoil.
Exampleofboards:
Vegetables Number of lines per board
Spacing between each plant on the line
Number of plants per bed
Eggplants 1 45cm 33
Beet 3 20cm 225
Carrot 5 3cm 2500
Cabbage 2 35cm 85
Salad 3 25cm 180
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Croprotation
Weplanabasicrotationbetweentheso-calleddemandingcrops(solanaceousforexample)andthelessdemandingones(leaf-rootlikelettuceandradish).
Thentheorderofourrotationsfollowsthefollowingstructure:
Solanaceae-leaves/roots-Cruciferae-Greens/roots-Liliaceae-Greens/roots-Cucurbits-Greens/roots.
Thisbasicmodelcanofcoursebeadaptedaccordingtotheneedsofthesoil(additionofgreenmanure,forexample,ifthesoilneedsrestandnutrition).
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1.3. Establishmentofembankmentsforparceldivisions
Embankmentsofferadiversehabitatandaninterestingfoodresourceforbirds(blackberries,insects)andpollinatinginsects(dogrose(rosacanina),otherflowers).
Whentheembankmentsarehightheyprovideawell-drainedenvironmentfavorabletocrawlinginsects,especiallygroundbeetles.Theyaretrue"beetle-banks".
1.4. TreeandShrubNursery
Thenurserywillbeusedtogrowtreesandshrubsfortransplantingandforthefood-forest,wildforest,andembankments.
Thetreeswillbechosenaccordingtothenatureoftheland(seefood-forestandnaturalforest).
1.5. Fruittres:food-forestmodel
Thefood-forestisanagroforestrysystembasedonthefunctioningofnaturalforests.Ithasdifferentlevelsofvegetationsuchasfruittrees,berrybushes(raspberry,blackcurrant,etc.),herbaceousperennialsandaromaticplants.
Theseforestsdonotrequireanykindofirrigation,ploughing,fertilizerandtreatment,andthereforelittlemaintenance.Theirsoilsarealive,fertileandrichinhumus.Theyhavethecapacitytoretainwaterandpreventerosion.Thetreesregulatethewaterbyabsorbingitduringheavyrainsandrestoringitintimesofdrought.
- Halfahectareoffoodforestcanfeedupto10people.- Sheltersforauxiliaryfauna(insects,birds,animals)necessaryfortheecosystem
Formoreinformationonthistopicvisit:https://www.laforetnourriciere.org/
DESIGNIDEA:Thedifferentlevelsofvegetation
TREESANDSHRUBSNITROGENFIXERS
Therearetreesandshrubsthatcantakenitrogenfromtheairandreturnittothesoil.
Thefollowinglistisinorderofsize.Itisnotexhaustive,andtheparticularspecieswilldependonthelocalbiotope,climateandsoil.
LARGETREESANDPLANTSWITHSTRONGGROWTH
- WhiteAlderandHardAlder.- ‘Fake’Acacia,Robinia.- Wisteria
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HIGHSHRUBSANDBUSHES
- False-Indigo(Amorphafructicosa),andtheAmorphagenus.- SiberianCaraganier,andtheCaraganagenus.- Eleagnus genus: Silver Chalef, Bohemian Olive, Japanese Goumi. Some of these trees produce
berriesofgreattasteandnutritionalvalue,suchastheSeabuckthorn(HippophaeRhamnoides)- Licorice;anedibleleguminousplant
VIVACIOUSPLANTSFORTHEHERBACEOUSSTRATUM
Permanentcovergrownatthefootoffruittrees.Theycanbeusedasgreenmanureormulch.
- Differenttypesofclovers,almostallofthemareperennial- Alfalfa- Alfalfabush- FalseIndigoblueandyellow- Lupins,wildandcultivated- CanadianAstragalus
SURFACEOF50mx100m(Tobeadaptedaccordingtothelayoutoftheland)=½Hectare,5000M2)
SOURCE:www.un-jardin-bio.com/les-arbres-et-arbustes-fixateurs-dazote-atmospherique/
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THESEVENLEVELSOFTHEGARDENFORREST
1. Subsoil:Plantswithroots,rhizomes,tubers,ediblebulbs.
2. Ground cover: Perennial and annual vegetables, wild salads, fruit, and aromatic vegetables
(creepingplants,mulch,greenmanure,flowerstrips).
3. Shrubs:Lowshrubs,bushes,andsmallfruits:BlackWhiteandRedcurrants,may-berry,raspberry,
goji,camellia,etc.
4. Treesandshrubs:Smalltreesandtallfruitshrubs:Apple,Pear,Quince,Peach,Persimmon,Fig,etc.
5. Liana:Climbingandcreepingplants.Annuals,woodyperennials:RowingBeans,ClimbingPumpkin,
JumpingGherkin,Bramble,Blueberry,Kiwi,Grape,Shisandra,etc.
6. Under the canopy: semi-shade and persistent. Mushrooms on trunks, Bear's garlic, Canadian
ginger,oystermushrooms,Foliates,Shiitake.
7. Canopy: Large fruit trees over 7m high (Chestnut, Walnut, Cherry, Chinese Pear, Mulberry,
KazakhstanApple,Cherry,CornTree).
1.6. Naturalforest:Woodforfuelandbuildingtimber
Basedonplantationsofcomplementaryspeciesdefinedbytheirusefulnessinprovidingmainlyfirewoodandconstructionwood.Thisforestprovidesthelargestamountoforganicmattersuchashumusthatcanbeusedincrops.
Listofthedifferentspeciesforthenaturalforest:
- Hybridwalnut(Juglansxintermedia)andcommonwalnut(J.regia)- Cherry(Prunusavium)- Sycamoremaple(Acerpseudoplatanus),flatmaple(A.platanoides)andfieldmaple(A.campestre)- Thecormus(Sorbusdomestica)andthestormtree(S.torminalis)- Pears(Pyruscommunis)andapples(Malussylvestris)- Lindentrees(TiliaplatyphyllosandT.cordata)
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2. LIVESTOCK
2.1. Horses
- The best option is to start is with a horse that already has 8 to 10 years (max.) experience inworkingtheland.
- Theidealfora2-5hectareprojectistohaveahorseoradoubleponyofthedraughttype(350to600kg).Approximatecost€4000for2trainedhorses.
- Horse needs: food supplements (grain/salt stone), care (bandages, deworming), blacksmith,dentist:from€400peryear.
- 1.5hectaresofpasture(grass+hay)peranimalwithshelterandwateraccess.Fellowanimalswillbenecessaryfortheirneeds.
- Fencing:€2000- Shelter:€1500- Note:itisposibletouseabull
Estimatedtotalprice 8.000€
2.1.1. Pulling
Consideringaprojectofproductionthatcansustain25people,weneedagriculturalequipmentthatwillpermitproductionbasedonthetechnologiesandtheadaptedmaterialthatwewillpresentonthispage:thehorsedrawnridingplow–animprovedtoolbasedonthesamemodelsofthelastcentury.
Thistoolpermitstopullasledandploughatthesametime.
Thisisnotautopia;wecantaketheAmishandQuakercommunitiesasamodel.
Forthis,wegiveprioritytothetypeofhorse"demi-trait",doubleponytypelikemerens,halflinger,pottocketc.Inasecondstagewewillstudythepossibilityoftractionwiththebull.
Suchtoolsalsopermitustofreeourselvesfromthedependencyofoilincasethereisadifficultyinobtainingitinthefuture.
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2.2. CowsandGoats
Inasecondstage,weseetheneedtoraisecowsandgoats.Inaddition,thecomplementaritybetweenhorsesandcowsisveryinterestinginpasturerotations.Ananimaldoesnoteatwhatgrowsonitsownexcrement.
2.2.1. Fertilizer
- Organiccontributiontothecrops- Materialforbiogásproduction
2.2.2. Consumerproduct
Ourdietislacto-vegetariansoweproducemilk,cheese,butter,etc.
3. INSTALLATIONS
3.1. Greenhouse:150m2
BUDGET:2000€
Information:www.serresvaldeloire.com
Haflinger MérensPottok
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3.2. Underground greenhouse (Walapini): 50m2 for Wintercultivation
TheburiedgreenhouseisaconceptthatcomestousfromthemountainousregionsofBolivia,whereitiscalled"Walipini"(whichmeans"placeofheat").
Thegeothermalenergyhasaconstanttemperaturethatallowstheproductionofvegetablesthroughouttheyear.
Construction:
• arectangularhole(2.5m)onaverage• awoodenstructurecoveredbyatransparentlayer• thewallsaremadeofadobe
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3.3. Agriculturalwarehouse200m2
Thiswarehousecanbeusedtostorefoodproductsandmanagedifferentspacessuchasfoodprocessing,etc.
BUDGET:10.000€-«lebatimentbois.com»
4. ENERGYOurresearchisfocusedonthepossiblesourcesofenergyinthesenseofourself-sufficiency,examiningtheirpotentialandcost,takingintoaccountthatthisprojectwillbedevelopedovertime,accordingtotheprioritiesinourinvestments.
4.1. Biogas
Thissourceofenergycomesfromthefermentationofanimalexcrementandcanbeusedforcooking,heatingandpoweringmotors
4.2. Vegetableoilandalcoholengine
Thistypeofalternativeenergyiscurrentlybeingstudied.
4.3. Solarenergy
Thistypeofalternativeenergyiscurrentlybeingstudied.
4.4. Windturbine
Thistypeofalternativeenergyiscurrentlybeingstudied.
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5. TOOLS
Thislistoftoolsisnotexhaustivebutpresentsthenecessaryequipmentformarketgardeningandfoodprocessing.
5.1. Animaltraction
Almostalltheworkcanbedonewithahorse:tillage,transportanduseofmanureonthecultivatedland...
Theidealforaprojectof2to5hectaresistoadopt2horses.
5.1.1. Animal-drawnmachineandspecifictools
Contact Pricein€
TILLING
ToolholderMATAMARAICHAGE https://prommata.org 4680
Toolholdingframe https://prommata.org 188
Spiralplough https://prommata.org 405
Harrow Segundamanowww.leboncoin.fr 70
2furrowers https://prommata.org 552
3hoes https://prommata.org 129
3ploughshares https://prommata.org 66
Worktrolley Segundamanowww.leboncoin.fr 1500
ToolholderMATA-MARAÎCHAGE
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TRANSPORTATION
Transportaccessories www.materiel-forestier.fr 200
TOTAL 7790euros
5.1.2. Equipmentforhorses
FORPULLING Contacts Priceforonehorse
Harness www.tracthorse.com €1000
5.2. ManualHorticulturalTools
MOUNTING Contacts Priceforonehorse
muzzle+saddle+blanket+thighstrap
SecondhandcontactLeboncoin/ebayetc
€500
Contacts PricesinEuros
Shredderforstraw Secondhandwww.leboncoin.fr 500
Grainseeder1001B https://agraria-comand.fr 254,37
DoublehandedWheelhoeandtools www.terrateck.com 616,50
FlailandWinnower Secondhandwww.leboncoin.fr 100
Cornthresher www.amazon.uk 155
TOTAL 1625,87euros
ManualdoubléWheelhoe
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5.3. Toolsforprocessingproducts
Oilpress
Manualgrinderforgrain
TOTALCOSTOFTOOLS 13 488,87€
Contacts Prices
DiamantD525ManualCastIronGrainMill
www.moulins-alma.fr 1150
Oilpress2.8L www.pressoirs-a-fruits.com 539
Woodburningstove Secondhand 300
WaterfilterBerkey22.7Litercapacity
BerkeyEurope 584
TOTAL 2573,00euros
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6. TOTALCOSTOFPROJECT
Installationsofgreenhouseandstorageshed 13500
Tools 13488,87
Animals 8000
TOTAL 34988,87€
7. PROJECTDEVELOPMENT
Thedevelopmentoftheprojectwilltakeplaceoveraperiodof3years.Therefore,investmentsandconstructionswillbecarriedoutaccordingtopriorities.
