Leonid Grigorenko

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Dubna, Russia

Theoretical basics and modern status of radioactivity studies

Lecture 1: JINR, Dubna, Russia

JINR foundation - 1956

Three years after Stalin death

Two years after CERN foundation

USSR on the way to more openness However, understood specifically

11 Member countries

Dubna synchrotron 1957 10 GeV protons

Last and largest accelerator in soft focusing scheme, monstrous

magnets Their iron yokes are now used as radiation shield for NICA booster

“Atom is not a soldier – atom is worker!”

JINR location

Close to Moscow (100 km) and easy to control – poorly populated

region with swamps, forests and rivers surrounding the site

Moscow district

“Dubna island” – the “institute” part of the city is encircled by 3 rivers: Volga, Dubna and Volga-Moscow

channel

Dubna science Two main sites of JINR: low-energy and high-energy

Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions

Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems

Laboratory of Information Technologies

Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics

Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics

Laboratory of Radiation Biology

Dubna University

Dubna city

Kamov helicopter plant

Reindustrialization of Russia

Two “Free economical areas”

“Rainbow” plant

“Beta” film irradiation facility

Cold sterilization

Sterilization without thermal processing, e.g. by gas, x-rays,

UV light, electron beam

One type of CS is very special. The only applicable in faint applications like molecular

microbiology, etc.: nuclearpore membrane sterilization

Pores from 10 to 0.01 mm Even virus can not get through!

Production: - Heavy ion irradiation - Chemical “track etching”

Mass production at “Beta” facility

Flerov lab is among world leaders

Some history Volga-Moscow channel near Dmitrov – the

limiting point of fascist army advance to Moscow in winter 1941-1942

IL-2 ground attack plane First breeds of 1941 – no rear machine-gunner

Excavated from swamp 7 years ago

Dubna

Moscow

Dmitrov

Some views – Ivankovskoe water reservoir near Dubna in winter

Some views – Volga river gateway: here is Lenin, Stalin has left us

Some views – Bogolyubov, Flerov, Kurchatov, and Visotskiy

Some views – pigeon monument

Some views – Dubna day in the middle of summer

Fireworks on the north side of Volga river Competitions of fire + music shows

High-energy cite of JINR – NICA project

High-energy cite of JINR – NICA project in construction

Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) physics

Proton dripline: Achieved and

studied for Z<32

The map of nuclides

- 254 stable nuclides,

- 339 can be found in nature

- Around 3100 RI are known

- Around 2500 to be discovered

Neutron dripline: Achieved and studied for N<20

Limits of nuclear structure existence:

Are known only for the lightest nuclei

Exotic structure of exotic nuclides:

- Neutron/proton halo - Neutron skin - “Soft” excitation modes - Breakdown of shell structure - New “magic numbers”

“Isle of stability” for superheavies:

We just “touched” a bit of its “shore”…

Motivation – Applications to nucleosynthesys

Hydrostatic burning – slow process

Explosive burning – rapid processes

Where does it take place?

Every day observed violent events in space are produced by rp-processes

Element abundance in space is connected with r-processes

No quantitative understanding until the driplines are studied in details

r-process

rp-process

s-process rp-process fragment

Motivation – Applications to neutron stars

Known nuclei: practically symmetric nuclear matter

Neutron star: very large nucleus with absolutely asymmetric nuclear matter

All the heavy elements in the Universe are produced in explosive

nucleosynthesys

Moving towards the driplines we get experimental knowledge about more and more asymmetric nuclear matter

Supernovae explosions. How we get from neutron star to Supernova?

PV = (m/m) RT

Equation of state for ideal gas. What about nuclear matter?

What we already have at Flerov lab

Fragment-separator ACCULINNA: Studies of the light RIBs

New elements 114Fl Flerovium 116Lv Livermorium 113Nh Nihonium 115Mc Moscovium 117Ts Tennessine 118Og Oganesson recognized recently

Elements 102 - 108 and 113 - 118 were synthesized at FLNR JINR

Superheavy “isle of stability” discovered

Ускоритель У-400М The only facility for RIB studies in

Russia, CIS, and Easten Europe

Ускоритель У-400

7-year planning prospects

Facility based on ACCULINNA-2 fragment-separator Stage: first experiments in the fall

of 2017 Investment: ~10 M€

“Factory of superheavy elements”

Stage: mounting of equipment

Investment: ~55 M€

Near future

Near future

??? Long-time prospects

New facilities at FLNR: “factory of superheavies”

Building of “Factory of superheavy elements”

DC-280 cyclotron specifically adopted for superheavy elements synthesis

New facilities at FLNR: “superlights”

ACCULINNA-2 and zero-angle

spectrometer delivered by

“SigmaPhi” French ion optics solutions

provider

Zero-angle spectrometer in the low-background

experimental hall

ACCULINNA-2 fragment-separator

U-400M cyclotron

Big, bigger, the biggest

FAIR

U400M hall

SPIRAL 2

FRIB

RIBF

Huge increase in the scale of modern and

prospective RIB facilities: Price tag 1-2 G€

Is it possible to have world competitive RIB program with

modest investment scale?

Empty “ecological niche”

Underdeveloped field: storage ring physics with RIBs

Empty field: studies of RIBs in electron-RIB collider

RIB storage ring

electron storage ring

Isochronous mass spectromentry

Atomic physics studies with striped ions

Radioactivity studies with striped ions

Precision reaction studies on internal

gas jet target

Studies of electromagnetic formfactors of exotic nuclei in e-RIB collider

Etc….

Electron scattering

First Born approximation, fast electrons,

relatively light nuclei

электроны, достаточно легкие ядра

Charge formfactor, charge radius

Robert Hofstadter 1915-1990,

1961 Nobel Prize "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries

concerning the structure of nucleons.."

After masses, the radial properties are the most important characteristics of nuclei

Electromagnetic probe is the most reliably studied - Electron scattering

- Experiments in traps – “static” EM

characteristics -> derivation of rch

- Electron scattering – differenttial characteristics

Why it has happened this way?

ESR/CRYRING@GSI

TSR/ISOLDE@CERN Н

е в

мас

шта

бе

HIRFL-CSR@Lanzhou

– A lot of ring projects – serious interest to the topic

– All the ring projects with e-collider abilities were

cancelled or indefinitely postponed

RI-Ring@RIKEN

ELISe/NESR@FAIR

MUSES@RIKEN

HIAF

FLNR prehistory. К4-К10.

Separation channel

(fragment separator)

Electron – radioactive ion collider

U-400M primary beam

K4 ring (field 4 Tm)

- Storage - Cooling - Bunching - Acceleration

K10 ring (field 10 Tm)

- Superhigh resolution spectrometer

- Inner gas jet target reactions

К4

К10

Yu.Ts. Oganessian et. al.,

Z. Phys. A341 (1992) 217

DERICA stages 0 -1

Continuity of scientific program

Minimization of technological risks

DERICA stages 2 - 4

Spacious cite for development

Good upgrade prospects

New experimental opportunities on

each stage

Advantages of the proposed facility

Unique opportunities - World most intense RIBs with intermediate energy (20-70 AMeV) for reaction studies - Neutron target (?) - e-RIB collider experiment

Staged development - Continuity and flexibility of the research program - Low technological risks - Highly upgradable facility design

Unusual facility layout

Ordinary approach 1: ISOL RIB production + reaccelerated RIBs up to 10 AMeV

Ordinary approach 2: In-flight RIB production + RIB cooling in intermediate storage ring

DERICA approach: In-flight RIB production + RIB “cooling” in gas cell + reaccelerated RIBs up to 300 AMeV

Activities for young researches at Dubna

Nowadays well sponsored for young researches

- Summer Student Programme at JINR UC, JINR 01 June - 30 September 2017 - 6th Conference-School of Young Scientific and Specialists of JINR Alushta-2017 Resort Hotel «Dubna», Alushta, Crimea 12 - 19 June 2017 Training Program for Specialists from JINR Member States Visit Centre, JINR 19 - 25 June 2017 - JINR School for Teachers of Physics from JINR Member States UC, JINR 25 June - 01 July 2017 - Third International Summer School and Workshop on Complex and Magnetic Soft Matter Systems: Physico-mechanical properties and structure FLNP, JINR 28 - 30 June 2017 - Second stage of the International Student Practice UC, JINR 02 - 22 July 2017 - International Conference «Mathematical Modeling and Computational Physics» (MMCP2017) LIT, JINR 03 - 07 July 2017 - 3rd Summer School «Sociocultural Morphology of a Small Town: authors, practices, institutions (Dubna)» JINR Public Library 04 - 14 July 2017 - Helmholtz International Summer School «Nuclear Theory and Astrophysical Applications» BLTP, JINR 10 - 22 July 2017 - Mini-Workshop on “Lattice and Functional Techniques for Exploration of Phase Structure and Transport Properties in Quantum Chromodynamics” BLTP, JINR 10 - 14 July 2017 - 17th international scientific Baikal Summer School on Physics of Elementary Particles and Astrophysics Bolshie Koty, Irkutsk region, Russia 13 - 20 July 2017 - 21st Summer School for Young Scientific and Specialists, Lipnya-2017 Tourist Base "Lipnya", Dubna 14 - 16 July 2017 - 11th APCTP-BLTP JINR-PNP NRC KI-SbSU Joint Workshop «Modern Problems in Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics». St. Petersburg, Russia 23 - 28 July 2017 - International Conference «Classical and Quantum Integrable Systems» (CQIS-2017) BLTP, JINR 24 - 29 July 2017 - International Workshop «Supersymmetries and Quantum Symmetries» (SQS’2017) BLTP, JINR 31 July - 05 August 2017 - 29th Interregional Computer School RH “Ratmino”, Dubna 02 - 20 August 2017 - International School «Advanced Methods of Modern Theoretical Physics: Integrable and Stochastic Systems» ICH, Dubna 06 - 12 August 2017 - Helmholtz International Summer School «Lattice QCD, Hadron Stucture and Hadronic Matter» BLTP, JINR 20 August - 02 September 2017 - 18th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics MSU, Moscow, Russia 24 - 30 August 2017 - 12th International Scientific Workshop in Memory of Professor V.P.Sarantsev «Problems of Colliders and Charged Particle Accelerators» Alushta, Crimea 03 - 08 September 2017

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20 event only this summer

EXON Conference EXOtic Nuclei Exotic places in Russia

Vladivostok 2012 Kazan 2016 Kaliningrad 2014

Petrozavodsk 2018

Khanti-Mansiysk 2010

Conducted every 2 years in famous or unusual palaces in Russia

Kizi muzeum of northen-Russia wooden architecture not far from Petrozavodsk

Welcome to Dubna!