University of Nizwa college of Engineering and Architectural Department of Civil and Environmental

DONE BY:MOZA JUMA SALIM ALJABRY03089243

SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE LOW COST TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY TO DISINFECT DRINKING WATERUNIVERSITY OF NIZWADEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION

An estimated 1.6 million people die every year from diarrheal diseases related to lack of access to safe drinking water. Children under five comprise 90% of all mortalities associated with waterborne diseases.

All these deaths are due to presence of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water

Disinfection Keeps Water SafeWhy disinfect drinking water?Disinfection kills or inactivates disease-causing organims in a water supply and must provide a 99.9% inactivation of Giardia Lamblia cysts and enteric viruses to protect health and to compl with U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Regulations.There are two kinds of disinfection :Primary disinfection achieves the desired level of microorganisms kill or inactivation,While secondary disinfection residual in the finished water that prevents the growth of microorganisms.

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DISINFECTIONDisinfection is an important step in ensuring that water is safe to drink. Water systems add disinfectants to destroy microorganisms that can cause disease in humans. The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires public water systems to disinfect water obtainedfrom surface water supplies or groundwater sources under the influence of surface water.

Existing Disinfection Methods1.Chlorination2.Ozone3. UV radiation4. Boiling

Considering disadvantages of existing disinfection techniques, my FYP AIM and OBJECTIVES ARE

Aim: Development of an Appropriate technology to disinfect drinking water for people without access to clean water facilities

The objective of this FYP is To disinfect drinking water using low cost chemical and physical water disinfection techniques altering various parameters. To compare above said techniques in terms of efficiency, ease of operation and cost.

PROPOSED DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN THIS FYPSOLAR DISINFECTIONDISINFECTION USING MORGAM SEEDSDISINFECTION USING BIOFILTER

SOLAR DISINFECTIONSolar disinfection, or SODIS as it is known, is one of the simplest and least expensive methods for providing acceptable quality drinking water.

Disinfection by-productsThe present knowledge of SODIS and the studies that have been made todate reveal that no DBPs are present.EquipmentA number of devices have been developed that vary as to volume of waterproduced and cost.

There are many equipment of solar disinfection:1-Solar heaters2-Solar stoves3-Solar concentrators4-Solar stills

Solar heatersCommercial solar heaters used to disinfect water are no different from theheaters on the roofs of many homes that are used to heat water for use in thekitchen or shower.

Solar stoves and concentratorsIn many developing countries, particularly those where deforestation is aserious problem, solar stoves and concentrators are the only option available to thepopulation for cooking their food. Solar stoves can also be used to disinfectwater through pasteurization.

The solar still offers another application of thermal energy that can be handledwith very simple to highly sophisticated technology. It is used to produce drinkingwater from seawater or contaminated fresh water and can also operate as a waterdisinfection system.Solar stills

Disinfection in bottles and small containers:The technique consists of exposing the water to be disinfected in plasticbottles like those used for soft drinks, which may or may not be painted black,completely or only on the bottom. The Swiss have tested a series of containers,ranging from plastic bags to large narrow mouth cans (to keep hands from entering into contact with the disinfected water).

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MATERIALS & FACILITIES REQUIRED TO DO THIS FYP

PLASTIC & GLASS BOTTLES ( AVAILABLE)PYRANOMETER FOR SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENT( YET TO PURCHASE)MORGAM SEEDS ( AVAILABLE LOCALLY)BIOSAND FILTER (MATERIALS AVAILABLE)EQUIPMENTS AND REAGENTS REQUIRED FOR MEASURING BACTERIAL CONCENTRATION(AVAILABLE IN THE WASTEWATER LABORATORY)

SCHEDULEACTIVITYSEP-OCT2014FYP PROPOSAL PREPARATIONSEP2014-MARCH2015COLLECTION OF LITERATUREOCT2014-JAN 2015PURCHASE OF MATERIALSJAN2015-APRIL2015CONDUCT OF EXPERIMENTSJAN2015-APRIL2015ANALYSIS OF RESULTSMARCH2015-MAY2015PREPARATION OF FYP REPORTEND OF MAY2015SUBMISSION OF FYP REPORT

FYP SCHEDULE