Project of Computer Full

8/14/2019 Project of Computer Full

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Allour, KhannaSession : 2010-2011

SESSION: 2010-2011Submitted to: Submitted by:Mrs. Baljeet Kaur Tamanna!!ar"al

BB - I


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COMPUTER A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and automatically

manipulates data , and provides output in a useful format.

Mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human

history. The first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century !"#0$

!"#%&. 'riginally, they were the si(e of a large room, consuming as much power as

several hundred modern personal computers )*s&.

Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more

capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. +imple

computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices , and can be powered by a small

battery. )ersonal computers in their various forms are icons of the nformation Age

and are what most people thin of as computers . /owever, the embedded

computers found in many devices from M) players to fighter aircraft and from toys to

industrial robots are the most numerous.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robot


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office hours since the internet is available all the time. :ong distance businesses can

also be run efficiently with the help of computers. There are many instances when the

business associates do not even meet face to face but maintain a healthy business

relationship.

Another important fact about computers and internet is that there is ample of

opportunity for women who wish to wor from home due to computers. ;one were the

days when wor ing from home was a remote possibility. ow anyone who is fluent in

8nglish, has a computer with internet connection can wor at home and be financially

independent.

:ife has been made very easy and convenient in today5s world 6ust because of

computer technology and there is no denying the fact that the computers have added

speed in our lives, otherwise we would still be living in the days where there would 6ust

be papers around us and we would be writing each and every stuff rather than getting

it on our computer screens.

*omputers saves storage place. magine

how much paper would have to be used,

how many trees would have to be cut 6ust

to store information which is today on

hard dis s.


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we have access to billions of information and due to the computer5s capabilities we

actually don5t need to worry not only how to store them but also how to process them.

*omputers can calculate and process information faster and more accurate thanhuman. +ometimes there are false information in newspapers that due to the

computer5s mista e something has failed. >ut it5s not truth because machines cannot

ma e mista es by it5s own. +ometimes it5s short circuit, other time it5s hardware

problem but most often it is human mista e, someone who designed and wrote the

flawed computer program.

. *omputers improve our lives. They are very useful in office wor , we can write text

such as reports and analysis. *ompared with old typewriters when using computers

we don5t have to worry about ma ing mista es in typewriting because special

programs helps as to avoid them and we can

change them any time. ?hen the text is finished

we can print it in as many copies as we want. At

least but not at last, we can communicate with

whole world very fast and cheap using nternet.

#. *omputers are user-friendly. ?e can watch

videos and listen to the music having only )*. ?e

don5t need video player, T@ and stac ing hi-fi any

more. urthermore, we don5t have to buy )*5s

which can ta e much room due to their other necessary components and wires. ?e

can always buy laptop or palm top which is even smaller, and use them outside

anywhere we want.


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COMPUTER HARDWARE

A personal computer is made up of multiple physical components of computerhardware , upon which can be installed a system software called operating system

and a multitude of software applications to perform the operator5s desired functions.

Though a )* comes in many different forms, a typical personal computer consists of a

case or chassis in a tower shape des top&, containing components such as a

motherboard .

TYPES OF HARDWARE

Mother oard

The motherboard is the main component inside the case. t is a

large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the

rest of the parts of the computer including the *)3 , the 1AM ,

the dis drives *< ,


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Remo$a "e med%a de$%ce!

CD &compact d%!c' ( the most common type of removable media,

suitable for music and data.

CD(ROM Dr%$e ( a device used for reading data from a *


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INPUT AND OUTPUT PERIPHERALS

nput and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis.

The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.

INPUT

-e# oard ( a device to input text and characters by depressing

buttons referred to as eys or buttons&.

Mou!e ( a pointing device that detects two dimensional motion

relative to its supporting surface.

.o#!t%c, ( a control device that consists of a handheld stic that

pivots around one end, to detect angles in two or three dimensions.

/ame pad ( a hand held game controller that relies on the digits especially

thumbs& to provide input.

/ame co+tro""er ( a specific type of controller speciali(ed for certain gaming

purposes.

Ima*e 0)%deo %+put de$%ce!

Ima*e !ca++er ( a device that provides input by analy(ing images,

printed text, handwriting, or an ob6ect.

We cam ( a video camera used to provide visual input that can be

easily transferred over the internet.

Aud%o %+put de$%ce!

M%cropho+e ( an acoustic sensor that provides input by

converting sound into electrical signals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_padhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_camhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_padhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_camhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone


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OUTPUT

Pr%+ter ( a device that produces a permanent human-readabletext of graphic document.

Spea,er! ( typically a pair of devices 2 channels& which convert

electrical signals into audio.

Headpho+e! ( for a single user hearing the audio.

Mo+%tor ( an electronic visual display with textual and graphical

information from the computer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_speakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_speakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_speakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor


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SOFTWARES

Computer !o1tware , or 6ust !o1tware , is the collection of computer programs and

related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do

it. ?e can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held

in the storage of the computer for some purposes. )rogram software performs the

function of the program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the

computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software. The term was

coined to contrast to the old term hardware meaning physical devices&. n contrast to

hardware, software is intangible, meaning it cannot be touched .+oftware is alsosometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only.

+ometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with

computers, such as film, tapes, and records.

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

)ractical computer systems divide software systems into three ma6or classesB system

software , programming software and application software , although the distinction is

arbitrary, and often blurred.

S#!tem !o1tware

+ystem software provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the

computer hardware and system. t includes a combination of the followingB device drivers

operating systems

servers

utilities

window systems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_system


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+ystem software is responsible for managing a variety of independent hardware

components, so that they can wor together harmoniously. ts purpose is to unburden

the application software programmer from the often complex details of the particular

computer being used, including such accessories as communications devices ,

printers , device readers, displays and eyboards, and also to partition the computer5s

resources such as memory and processor time in a safe and stable manner.

Pro*ramm%+* !o1tware

)rogramming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing

computer programs , and software using different programming languages in a more

convenient way. The tools includeB compilers

debuggers

interpreters

lin ers

text editors

An ntegrated development environment


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video games

4uantum chemistry and solid state physics software

telecommunications i.e., the nternet and everything that flows on it&

databases

educational software

Mathematical software

medical software

molecular modeling software

image editing

spreadsheet

simulation software

?ord processing


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OPERATIN/ SYSTEM An operat%+* !#!tem OS & issoftware , consisting of programs and data , that runs on

computers and manages

computer hardware

resources and provides

common services for

efficient execution of variousapplication software .

or hardware functions such

as input and output and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software


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memory allocation , the operating system acts as an intermediary between application

programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually

executed directly by the hardware, but will fre4uently call the '+ or be interrupted by

it. 'perating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computerCfrom

cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers .

E3amp"e! of popular modern operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft

?indows , Mac '+ D , and ; 3E:inux .

Toda# mo!t operat%+* !#!tem! per1orm the 1o""ow%+* %mporta+t 1u+ct%o+!2

!. )rocessor management, that is, assignment of processor to different tas s

being performed by the computer system .

2. Memory management , that is, allocation of main memory and other storage

areas to the system programmes as well as user programmes and data.

. nputEoutput management , that is, co-ordination and assignment of the different

output and input device while one or more programmes are being executed.

#. ile management, that is, the storage of file of various storage devices to

another. t also allows all files to be easily changed and modified through the

use of text editors or some other files manipulation routines.%. 8stablishment and enforcement of a priority system. That is, it determines and

maintains the order in which 6obs are to be executed in the computer system.

F. Automatic transition from 6ob to 6ob as directed by special control statements.

G. nterpretation of commands and instructions.

H. *oordination and assignment of compilers, assemblers, utility programs, and

other software to the various user of the computer system.

". acilities easy communication between the computer system and the computer

operator human&. t also establishes data security and integrity .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_memory_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linuxhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q285435.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q3400104.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q1404204.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q7884403.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_memory_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linuxhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q285435.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q3400104.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q938183.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q1404204.htmlhttp://www.blurtit.com/q7884403.html


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PARTS OF A COMPUTER


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f you use a des top computer, you might already now that there isn5t any single part

called the computer. A computer is really a system of many parts wor ing together.

The physical parts, which you can see and touch, are collectively called hardware .

Software , on the other hand, refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the

hardware what to do.&

The illustration below shows the most common hardware in a des top computer

system. =our system may loo a little different, but it probably has most of these parts.

A laptop computer has similar parts but combines them into a single noteboo -si(ed

pac age.

:et5s ta e a loo at each of these parts.

System unit

The system unit is the core of a computer system. 3sually it5s a rectangular box

placed on or underneath your des . nside this box are many electronic components

that process information. The most important of these components is the central

processing unit (CPU) , or microprocessor , which acts as the brain of your computer.

Another component is random access memory (RAM) , which temporarily storesinformation that the *)3 uses while the computer is on. The information stored in

1AM is erased when the computer is turned off.

Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables.

The cables plug into specific ports openings&, typically on the bac of the system unit.

/ardware that is not part of the system unit is sometimes called a peripheral device or

device .

Storage

=our computer has one or more disk drives Cdevices that store information on a metal

or plastic dis . The dis preserves the information even when your computer is turned

off.


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Hard d%!, dr%$e

=our computer5s hard disk drive stores information on a hard disk , a rigid platter or

stac of platters with a magnetic surface. >ecause hard dis s can hold massive

amounts of information, they usually serve as your computer5s primary means of

storage, holding almost all of your programs and files. The hard dis drive is normally

located inside the system unit.

CD a+d D)D dr%$e!

early all computers today come e4uipped with a *< or


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?hen you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your screen moves in the

same direction. The pointer5s appearance might change depending on where it5s

positioned on your screen.& ?hen you want to select an item, you point to the item

and then click press and release& the primary button. )ointing and clic ing with your

mouse is the main way to interact with your computer.

Keyboard

A eyboard is used mainly for typing text into your computer. :i e the eyboard on a

typewriter, it has eys for letters and numbers, but it also has special eysB The function keys , found on the top row, perform different functions depending

on where they are used. The numeric keypad , located on the right side of most eyboards, allows you to

enter numbers 4uic ly. The navigation keys , such as the arrow eys, allow you to move your position

within a document or webpage.

Monitor

A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of

the monitor that displays the information is called the screen . :i e a television screen,

a computer screen can show still or moving pictures.There are two basic types of monitorsB CR cathode ray tube& monitors and !C"

li4uid crystal display& monitors. >oth types produce sharp images, but :*< monitors

have the advantage of being much thinner and lighter. *1T monitors, however, are

generally more affordable.

Printer

A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper. =ou don5t need a printer to use

your computer, but having one allows you to print e-mail, cards, invitations,

announcements, and other materials. Many people also li e being able to print their

own photos at home.

The two main types of printers are ink#et printers and laser printers . n 6et printers are

the most popular printers for the home. They can print in blac and white or in full


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color and can produce high-4uality photographs when used with special paper. :aser

printers are faster and generally better able to handle heavy use.

Speakers

+pea ers are used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected

with cables. +pea ers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your

computer.

Modem

To connect your computer to the nternet, you need a modem . A modem is a device

that sends and receives computer information over a telephone line or high-speed

cable. Modems are sometimes built into the system unit, but higher-speed modems

are usually separate components.

COMPUTER MEMORY

Computer Memory are %+ter+a" !tora*e area! %+ the computer u!ed to e%ther

temporar%"# or perma+e+t"# !tore data or %+!truct%o+! to e proce!!ed4 There

are 1our a!%c t#pe! o1 computer memory 2 Cache Memor#0 RAM0 )%rtua" Memor#

a+d Hard Dr%$e!4 W%th moder+ CPU5! ru++%+* at !peed! o1 6 *%*ahert7 or h%*her0

%t %! hard 1or computer memor# to ,eep up w%th the e3treme amou+t o1 data

e%+* proce!!ed4

*omputer engineers fixed the problem by tiering memory. >y using this tiering effect,

engineers use a small amount of more expensive memory and a large amount of low

cost memory.

T#pe! o1 Computer Memor#

!. Computer RAM2 *omputer 1AM is the best nown form of memory your

computer uses. 8very file or application opened is placed in 1AM. Any
http://www.computerknowledgeforyou.com/shopping/d~c-Computer_Memory~b-96262.aspxhttp://www.computerknowledgeforyou.com/computercomponents/ram.htmlhttp://www.computerknowledgeforyou.com/shopping/d~c-Computer_Memory~b-96262.aspxhttp://www.computerknowledgeforyou.com/computercomponents/ram.html


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information the computer needs or uses becomes part of a continuous cycle

where the *)3 re4uests data from 1AM, processes it and then writes new data

bac to 1AM. This can happen millions of times a second. /owever, this is

usually 6ust for temporary file storage, so unless the data is saved somewhere,

it is deleted when the files or applications are closed.

2. Hard Dr%$e2 A /ard


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MULTIMEDIAMu"t%med%a is media and content that uses

a combination of different content forms .

The term can be used as a noun a medium

with multiple content forms& or as an

ad6ective describing a medium as having

multiple content forms. The term is used in

contrast to media which only use traditional

forms of printed or hand-produced material.

Multimedia includes a combination of text ,

audio , still images , animation , video , andinteractivity content forms.

APPLICATIONS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivity


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Multimedia finds its application in various areas including, but not limited to,

advertisements , art , education , entertainment , engineering , medicine , mathematics ,

business , scientific research and spatial temporal applications . +everal examples are

as followsB

Creat%$e %+du!tr%e!

*reative industries use multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging from fine arts, to

entertainment, to commercial art, to 6ournalism , to media and software services

provided for any of the industries listed below. An individual multimedia designer may

cover the spectrum throughout their career. 1e4uest for their s ills range from

technical, to analytical, to creative.

Commercia

Much of the electronic old and new media used by commercial artists is multimedia.

8xciting presentations are used to grab and eep attention in advertising . >usiness to

business, and interoffice communications are often developed by creative services

firms for advanced multimedia presentations beyond simple slide shows to sell ideas

or liven-up training.

Entertainment and !ine arts

n addition, multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to

develop special effects in movies and animations. Multimedia games are a popular

pastime and are software programs available either as *


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Educat%o+

n 8ducation , multimedia is used to produce computer-based training courses

popularly called *>Ts& and reference boo s li e encyclopedia and almanacs. A *>Tlets the user go through a series of presentations, text about a particular topic, and

associated illustrations in various information formats. 8dutainment is an informal term

used to describe combining education with entertainment, especially multimedia

entertainment.

.our+a"%!m

ewspaper companies all over are also trying to embrace the new phenomenon by

implementing its practices in their wor . ?hile some have been slow to come around,

other ma6or newspapers li e The ew =or Times , 3+A Today and The ?ashington

)ost are setting the precedent for the positioning of the newspaper industry in a

globali(ed world.

E+*%+eer%+*

+oftware engineers may use multimedia in *omputer +imulations for anything from

entertainment to training such as military or industrial training. Multimedia for software

interfaces are often done as a collaboration between creative professionals and

software engineers.

I+du!tr#

n the ndustrial sector , multimedia is used as a way to help present information to

shareholders, superiors and cowor ers. Multimedia is also helpful for providing

employee training, advertising and selling products all over the world via virtually

unlimited web-based technology

Mathemat%ca" a+d !c%e+t%1%c re!earch

n mathematical and scientific research , multimedia is mainly used for modeling and

simulation. or example, a scientist can loo at a molecular model of a particular
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-based_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edutainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Todayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulations#Computer_simulatorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_professionalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_modellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-based_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edutainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Todayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulations#Computer_simulatorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_professionalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_modelling


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substance and manipulate it to arrive at a new substance. 1epresentative research

can be found in 6ournals such as the Iournal of Multimedia .

Med%c%+en Medicine , doctors can get trained by loo ing at a virtual surgery or they can

simulate how the human body is affected by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria

and then develop techni4ues to prevent it.

Docume+t %ma*%+*

M )*s running


25/42

!"H%&, Atari +T !"HF&, +*' 3 D , '+E2 , and Microsoft ?indows !"H"&. t is a

component of the Microsoft 'ffice system7 it is also sold as a standalone product and

included in Microsoft ?or s +uite . The current versions are Microsoft ?ord 20!0 for

?indows and 20!! for Mac.

Ope+ F%"e

To continue wor ing on a file you previously saved, you must open the file. To open

the file you used in :esson B

!. *hoose %ile & 'pen from

the menu.

2. Ma e sure the folder you

noted during the previous

lesson displays in the

:oo n field.

. The file is named

lesson .doc. Type

"e!!o+94doc in the ile

ame field.

#. *lic 'pen. The file you created during the previous lesson appears.Sa$e F%"e

+ave your file by following these

instructionsB

!. *hoose %ile & Save As from

the menu.

2. +pecify the correct folder in

the :oo n field.

. ame your file by typing

"e!!o+:4doc in the ile

ame field.

#. *lic +ave.

Note2 This document will contain :esson Three and :esson our.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_SThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO_OpenServerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Workshttp://www.baycongroup.com/word2003/word04.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_SThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO_OpenServerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Workshttp://www.baycongroup.com/word2003/word04.htm


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%. *lic ile.

F. /ighlight 8xit. )ress 8nter.

Cut a+d Pa!te

n Microsoft ?ord, you can

cut delete& text from one area

of a document and save that

text so it can be pasted

elsewhere in the document.

?hen you cut text, it is stored on the *lipboard. =ou can also copy text. ?hen you

copy text, it is also stored on the *lipboard. nformation stored on the *lipboard stays

there until new information is either cut or copied.

8ach time you execute *ut or *opy, you replace the

old information on the *lipboard with whatever you

6ust cut or copied. =ou can paste *lipboard

information as often as you li e.

Cut ( U!%+* the Me+u

!. Type the followingB

I wa+t to mo$e4 I am co+te+t where I am4 2. /ighlight want to move.

. *hoose dit & Cut from the menu.

#. =our text should now readB

am content where am.

Cop# a+d Pa!te

n Microsoft ?ord, you can copy text from one area of the document and place that

text elsewhere in the document. As with cut data, copied data is stored on the

*lipboard.

Cop# ( U!%+* the Me+u

!. Type the followingB

You w%"" wa+t to cop# me4 O+e o1 me %! a"" #ou +eed4
http://www.baycongroup.com/word2003/word04.htmhttp://www.baycongroup.com/word2003/word04.htm


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2. /ighlight =ou will want to copy me.

. *hoose dit & Copy from the menu.

Pr%+t%+*

After you have finished typing your document, you

will want to print it. ?hile preparing to print, you can

specify the number of copies you want and the

pages you want to print.

ercise * ++ Print ,our "ocument

!. *hoose %ile & Print from the menu.

2. *lic 'K.

Alternate Method + Printing -y Using the $con

*lic the )rint icon on the +tandard toolbar.

MICROSOFT WORD SHORTCUTS COMMANDS

;o"d2 *T1: L >

Ce+ter a para*raph2 *T1: L 8

Cop#2 *T1: L *

Create a ha+*%+* %+de+t2 *T1: L T

Decrea!e the 1o+t !%7e # 6 po%+t2 *T1: L

Dou "e(!pace "%+e!2 *T1: L 2

Ha+*%+* I+de+t2 *T1: L T

He"p2 !

I+crea!e the 1o+t !%7e # 6 po%+t2 *T1: L N

I+de+t a para*raph 1rom the "e1t2 *T1: L M

I+de+t2 *T1: L MI+!ert a 1oot+ote2 A:T L *T1: L

I+!ert a+ e+d+ote2 A:T L *T1: L oo s

otice that the default alignment is to the left. li e headings to be centered, so amgoing to highlight the row that contains the heading and center align them by clic ing

the center formatting icon and ma e them bold so that they stand out.

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade Le$e" Room Num er Read%+*

;oo,!

Rm not very happy that two of the cells now ta e twolines. ?ord has a couple of fairly painless ways of

fixing the problem. =ou can manually change the

column width by moving the bars between cells or

let ?ord automatically si(e the cells. To do the

automatic option, highlight all the cells in the table,

then clic on Table, then Auto it, and then Auto it to

*ontents. n 'ffice "G, highlight the cells in the

table, right clic on *ell /eight and ?idth, then clic

on the Auto it button&

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*

;oo,!

As you can see, this did away with the problem of the cells ta ing up two lines, but it

also decreased the table width. This can be 4uic ly fixed by highlighting all of the

cells again, then clic ing on Table, then Auto it, and then Auto it to ?indow. This

function is not available in 'ffice "G& The results this ma es the table loo li e thisB

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*

;oo,!


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E+ter%+* Data

?here tables really help is in formatting the data in individual cells. n our case, want

the Teacher ame fields left-6ustified, the ;rade :evel and 1oom umber fields

centered, and the *lass >udget field right 6ustified. tRs easier to see what we are

doing if there is some data entered, so will enter the first teacherRs information in our

table.

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*

;oo,!*leaver Theodore K 00 %"

As you can see, the default alignment is to the left. To change the alignment, need

to highlight the cells below the headings for each area, and clic on the alignment

want. /ere is what it loo s li e nowB

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*

;oo,!*leaver Theodore K 00 %"Add%+* Row!

The only problem have now is that have more teachers than have rows to put their

information7 however, adding rows is easy. *lic on the last cell of the first teacher

row, then press the left arrow on the eyboard, or clic at the end of the row with your

mouse. n either case, you should see a blac , vertical cursor blin ing at the end of

the row. t will loo li e thisB

To add another row, press 8nter. The advantage of doing it this way is that you

duplicate the formatting from the first cell into the next cell.

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*

;oo,!*leaver Theodore K 00 %"/as ell 8ddie ! 0! G*leaver ?ally 2 02 F!


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Formu"a!

=ou can do a limited amount of formula wor in a table. t isnRt as easy as in 8xcel,

but it wor s the same way. n our example, there are five columns, lettered A through

8, and five rows, numbered ! through %. n 8xcel, you can see these. n a table, you

6ust have to now. This is the layout. The convention for referring to cells is to list the

column first, then the row, so STeacher :ast ame is in cell A!.

A > * < 8! Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade Le$e" Room

Num er

Read%+*

;oo,!2 *leaver Theodore K 00 %"

/as ell 8ddie ! 0! G# *leaver ?ally 2 02 F!%f want to have ?ord calculate a total for the last row of the table, Read%+* ;oo,!

*olumn 8&, can clic in cell 8%, then clic on Table, then ormula. This is shown in

!& on the next page.

The ormula wi(ard

will default to

calculating the +um

of the column. =ou

can also specify the

cells to wor with as

you do in 8xcel.

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*

;oo,!


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*leaver Theodore K 00 %"/as ell 8ddie ! 0! G*leaver ?ally 2 02 F!

Tota 6orders and +hading. :etRs

remove the border from around the teacher information.

irst, highlight the cells that you want to change the formatting on.

Then right clic on any of the highlighted cells.

ext, left clic on >orders and +hading.


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To remove the borders

from the cells, clic on

the lines next to where,

in the cell illustration,

the border on the table

would be. The idea is

that the top and bottom

lines are the top and

bottom of the

highlighted cells, and

the left and right lines

the sides of the

highlighted cells. The center lines, both hori(ontal and vertical, are all of the

hori(ontal and vertical borders between, regardless of if there are !0 cells or !00.

n the illustration, have removed all of the borders except the top one because it is

the bottom of the border around the headings& and am about to remove the right-most

vertical border. The table now loo s li e thisBTeacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*


Tota 6orders and +hading menu.

To add shading to the

heading row, we would


35/42

highlight the row, right clic on any of the highlighted cells, left clic on >orders and

+hading, then left clic on the +hading tab, shown below.

To add shading to the highlighted cells, clic on the ill box that with the color you

want. will use the light gray in the bottom right corner. =ou can also add patterns,

such as hori(ontal and vertical lines here. donRt use then since they tend to ma e

the table loo very UbusyR.

Note2 This is also where you remove shading from a table. To do this, clic on U o

illR on the ill box.

>elow is our table with shaded headings.

Teacher La!t

Name

Teacher F%r!t

Name

/rade

Le$e"

Room

Num er

Read%+*


Tota 6


36/42

Tota 6


37/42

MAIL MER/EMa%" mer*e is a

software function

describing the

production of

multiple and

potentially large

numbers of&documents from a

single template form

and a structured

data source .

Se"ect docume+tt#pe

1. n the Ma%" Mer*e tas pane, clic Letter! . This will allow you to send letters to

a group of people and personali(e the results of the letter that each person

receives.

2. *lic Ne3t2 Start%+* docume+t .

Se"ect the !tart%+* docume+t

!. *lic one of the following optionsB

o U!e the curre+t docume+t B 3se the currently open document as yourmain document.

o Start 1rom a temp"ate B +elect one of the ready-to-use mail merge

templates.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_(word_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_(word_processing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database


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o Start 1rom e3%!t%+* docume+t B 'pen an existing document to use as

your mail merge main document.

2. n the Ma%" Mer*e tas pane, clic Ne3t2 Se"ect rec%p%e+t! .

Se"ect rec%p%e+t!

?hen you open or create a data source by using the Mail Merge ?i(ard, you are

telling ?ord to use a specific set of variable information for your merge. 3se one of

the following methods to attach the main document to the data source.

Method 62 U!e a+ e3%!t%+* data !ource

To use an existing data source, follow these stepsB

1. n the Ma%" Mer*e tas pane, clic U!e a+ e3%!t%+* "%!t .

2. n the U!e a+ e3%!t%+* "%!t section, clic ;row!e .

. n the Se"ect Data Source dialog box, select the file that contains the variable

information that you want to use, and then clic Ope+ .

Note f the data source is not listed in the list of files, select the appropriatedrive and folder. f necessary, select the appropriate option in the A"" Data

Source! list. +elect the file, and then clic Ope+ .

?ord displays the Ma%" Mer*e Rec%p%e+t! dialog box. =ou can sort and edit

your data if you want to.

#. *lic O- to return to the main document.

%. +ave the main document.

?hen you save the main document at this point, you are also saving the data

source and attaching the data source to the main document.

F. Type the name that you want to give to your main document, and then clic

Sa$e .


39/42

Method 82 U!e +ame! 1rom a M%cro!o1t Out"oo, Co+tact! L%!t

To use an 'utloo *ontact :ist, follow these stepsB

1. n the Mail Merge tas pane, clic Ne3t2 Se"ect rec%p%e+t! .

2. *lic Se"ect 1rom Out"oo, co+tact! .

3. n the Se"ect 1rom Out"oo, co+tact! section, clic Choo!e Co+tact! Fo"der .

#. n the Se"ect Co+tact L%!t Fo"der dialog box, select the 'utloo contacts

folder that you want, and then clic O- .

?ord displays the Ma%" Mer*e Rec%p%e+t! dialog box. =ou can sort and edit

your data if you want.

%. *lic O- to return to the main document.

Method 92 Create a data a!e o1 +ame! a+d addre!!e!

To create a new database, follow these stepsB

1. n the Mail Merge tas pane, clic Ne3t2 Se"ect Rec%p%e+t! .

2. *lic T#pe a +ew "%!t .

. *lic Create .

The New Addre!! L%!t dialog box appears. n this dialog box, enter the address

information for each record. f there is no information for a particular field, leave thebox blan .

>y default, ?ord s ips blan fields. Therefore, the merge is not affected if blan

entries are in the data form. The set of information in each form ma es up one data

record.

4. After you type the information for a record, clic New E+tr# to move to the next

record.

To delete a record, clic De"ete E+tr# . To search for a specific record, clic

F%+d E+tr# . To customi(e your list, clic Cu!tom%7e . n the Cu!tom%7e

Addre!! L%!t dialog box, you can add, delete, rename, and reorder the merge

fields.


40/42

5. n the New Addre!! L%!t dialog box, clic O- . n the Sa$e Addre!! L%!t

dialog box, type the name that you want to give to your data source in the F%"e

+ame box, and then clic Sa$e .

6. n the Ma%" Mer*e Rec%p%e+t! dialog box, ma e any changes that you want,

and then clic O- .

G. *lic Ne3t2 Wr%te #our "etter to finish setting up your letter.

H. +ave the main document.

?hen you save the main document at this point, you are also saving the data

source and attaching the data source to the main document.

9. Type the name that you want to give to your main document, and then clic

Sa$e .

To proceed to the next step, clic Ne3t2 Wr%te #our "etter .

Wr%te #our "etter

n this step, you set up your main document.

!. Type or add any text and graphics that you want to include in your letter.

2. Add the field codes where you want the variable information to appear. n the

Ma%" Mer*e tas pane, you have four optionsB

o

Addre!! "oc, B 3se this option to insert a formatted address.o /reet%+* "%+e B 3se this option to insert a formatted salutation.

o E"ectro+%c po!ta*e B 3se this option to insert electronic postage.

Note This option re4uires that you have a postage software program

installed on your computer.

o More %tem! B 3se this option to insert individual merge fields. ?hen you

clic More Item! , the I+!ert Mer*e F%e"d dialog box appears.

Note Ma e sure that your cursor is where you want to insert the

information from your data source before you clic More Item! .

n the I+!ert Mer*e F%e"d dialog box, clic the merge field that you want

to use, and then clic I+!ert .


41/42

Note =ou can insert all of your fields and then go bac and add any spaces

or punctuation. Alternatively, you can insert one field at a time, close the

I+!ert Mer*e F%e"d! dialog box, add any spaces or punctuation that you

want, and then repeat this step for each additional merge field that you want

to insert. =ou can also format apply bold or italic formatting to& the merge

fields, 6ust li e regular text.

. ?hen you finish editing the main document, clic Sa$e or Sa$e A! on the F%"e

menu.

Note n ?ord 200G, clic the M%cro!o1t O11%ce ;utto+ , and then clic Sa$e or

Sa$e A! .

ame the file, and then clic Sa$e . To proceed to the next step, clic Ne3t2

Pre$%ew #our "etter! .

Pre$%ew #our "etter!

This step allows you to preview your merged data, one letter at a time. =ou can also

ma e changes to your recipient list or personali(e individual letters.

To proceed to the next step, clic Ne3t2 Comp"ete the mer*e .

Comp"ete the mer*e

This step merges the variable information with the form letter. =ou can output the

merge result by using either of the following optionsB Pr%+tB +elect this option to send the merged document directly to the printer.

=ou will not be able to view the document on your screen.

?hen you clic Pr%+t, the Mer*e to Pr%+ter dialog box appears. n the Mer*e

to Pr%+ter dialog box, you can choose which records to merge. ?hen you clic

O- , the Pr%+t dialog box appears. *lic Pr%+t to print the merge document. Ed%t %+d%$%dua" "etter!B +elect this option to display the merged document on

your screen.


42/42

?hen you clic Ed%t %+d%$%dua" "etter!, the Mer*e to New Docume+t dialog

box appears. n the Mer*e to New Docume+t dialog box, you can choose

which records to merge. ?hen you clic O- , the documents are merged to a

new ?ord document.

To print the file, on the F%"e menu, clic Pr%+t.

Note n ?ord 200G, clic the M%cro!o1t O11%ce ;utto+ , and then clic Pr%+t.

Project of Computer Full

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Transcript of Project of Computer Full