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Defence Research andDevelopment Canada

Recherche et développement pour la défense Canada

Centre for Security Science222 Nepean Street, 11th floorOttawa, OntarioK1A 0K2

Centre des sciences pour la sécurité222, rue Nepean, 11ième étageOttawa, OntarioK1A 0K2

File/Project number:

February 14, 2013

Distribution List

MAPPING OF LEGISLATION AND POLICY INSTRUMENTS RELATED TO EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY

INTRODUCTION

The DRDC CSS has undertaken a multi-phase study on resilience at the request of the Technical Integration Group Engaged in Research on Resilience (TIGER Team) at Public Safety (PS) Canada1. The TIGER Team was established to help advance whole-of-government leadership and coordination with respect to resilience, as well as horizontal management of resilience-based activities within the Public Safety portfolio (i.e., emergency management, national security, border strategies, and crime prevention). This paper, being the first of a series, will support a consultation process leading to the creation of a national resilience strategy that will permit an integrated and coordinated approach to resilience. It contains an analysis of the current structure of federal legislation and policy related to emergency management and national security.

Resilience is an area of focus that has not yet been fully integrated into legislation or policy. Although resilience is implicitly seen as being relevant to the pillars of emergency management (i.e., mitigation, prevention, preparedness, response and recovery)2, as well as national security, use of the term is fairly new and there continues to be some ambiguity surrounding its meaning. One needs to understand the current structure of legislation and policy before a national resilience strategy can be created as a new and integrated component of the system.

DISCUSSION

This study relied on network analysis to identify and analyze connections between acts, regulations, statutes, frameworks, guidance, international conventions, plans, policies and strategies. A link between any two documents was made when there was an explicit reference that one document was enabled by or aligned with another document. A second network analysis was completed to examine which, if any, of the emergency management (EM) pillars each document was explicitly said or inferred to support. Refer to Annex D for a more detailed explanation of the methodology for the study.

1 Refer to signed DRDC CSS Decision Support Section (DSS) Project Definition Form, entitled “Scientific Study of Resilience and Stakeholder Community”.2 While emergency management refers to five different aspects, oftentimes, mitigation and prevention are reported together as one of four pillars despite there being conceptual differences.

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The research team used 102 documents in the analysis. Slightly over half of the documents (54%) pertained to legislation (i.e., acts, statutes and regulations), followed by federal and national plans (22%), with the remainder referring to other policy instruments (i.e., policies, strategies, frameworks and guidance). Time constraints meant that international frameworks and conventions were not adequately captured, and while national plans were identified, the study has not yet focused on provincial or territorial policies/plans and legislation. A future study could seek to address these gaps, and also incorporate departmental programs and activities. Annex A contains a network representing the structure of relations between all of the documents that were identified at the time this report was written3, and Annex E contains the associated analysis. Policy documents are represented by blue nodes and legislation documents are shown in red. The size of the nodes in the network, as well as the size of the text labels attached to each node, is proportional to the number of times a particular document was identified as having enabled or aligned with another document. As such, the size of the node and text can be loosely related to the prominence of the node in the network. The Public Safety and Emergency Management Acts are the most prominent legislation nodes in the network (Annex A) and the Federal Emergency Response Plan (FERP) is the most prominent policy document. There is only one strategy that deals explicitly with law enforcement (i.e., National Crime Prevention Strategy) and presently, it exists as an isolated and unconnected node in the network. This may refer to a gap in the data collection, but were it actually the case, it would mean that this strategy is not aligned with any of the other documents in the network. Annex B shows a subcomponent of the network from Annex A obtained by removing all of the nodes representing legislation. While the FERP is considered the most influential policy document it is important to note that there are 18 federal emergency response plans in the network and of those, only 11 explicitly align with the FERP. Among the seven plans that do not appear to do so, it may be that some were created beforehand and have not since been updated (e.g., 1999 National Environmental Emergencies Contingency Plan)4. Either way, consideration is warranted as to whether these instruments need to be revised in order to align with the FERP. Considering that the complete network in Annex A includes EM and national security documents, it may seem surprising that it is fully connected if these are expected to represent distinct policy domains. However, it appears that legislation is at least partially responsible for keeping the network together, since some fragmentation is observed following its removal, shown visually by groups of nodes being disconnected (Annex B). In a separate network analysis (Annexes C and E), 40 documents were found to be directly related to one or more of the EM pillars. The size of the red nodes, representing 3 Refer to the Glossary for a list and description of the all of the documents that were analyzed. 4 The eight plans that were not found to explicitly align with the Federal Emergency Response Plan (FERP) were as follows: 1985 Canada’s Marine Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Regime, 2012 Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan for the Health Sector, DND Nuclear Emergency Response Plan, 2011 Health Portfolio Chemical Emergency Response Plan, Marine Safety Management System, 1999 National Environmental Emergencies Contingency Plan, 2011 Notifiable Avian Influenza Hazard Specific Plan, and NRCan Emergency Management Plan.

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each of the EM pillars, shown in the network in Annex C is proportional to the number of documents associated with each pillar. Of the 40 documents, the vast majority deal with emergency preparedness and response while the recovery pillar is by far the least represented in policy and legislation. These findings may suggest the need for new policy and/or legislation to provide a coordinated approach to activities aimed at restoring normal conditions after an emergency (i.e., recovery), as well as activities to eliminate or reduce the risks and consequences posed by hazards and threats before an emergency occurs (i.e., prevention and mitigation), in order to bring more balance to the full-spectrum of national and federal emergency management. NEXT STEPS This study marks the first of several phases. The following refers to recommendations emanating from this report, as well as some previously agreed-to next steps: 1) Several gaps in the data were noted and it is recommended that the network be

updated, as necessary, to reflect all relevant legislation and policy instruments.

2) A methodology for capturing information on stakeholders’ involvement in resilience-based policies, programs, and activities will be devised, and research undertaken.

3) A policy-relevant, concept paper on resilience will be developed that will serve as background and input when developing the new national resilience strategy.

Comments or questions on this Letter Report are welcome and can be addressed to:

Kate Kaminska at (613) 943-2536 or by email to kate.kaminska@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; Sean Norton at (613) 944-8190 or by email to sean.norton@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; or Simona Verga at (613) 944-8165 or by email to simona.verga@drdc-rddc.gc.ca.

Prepared by: Original signed Original signed Original signed Kate Kaminska Defence Scientist

Sean Norton Defence Scientist

Simona Verga Defence Scientist

Approved by:

Original signed Denis Bergeron Head Decision Support

This Letter Report is a publication of DRDC Centre for Security Science

Canada

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DISTRIBUTION LIST Internal CSS a/DG (Mark Williamson) CSS a/DDG (Chris Hough) External Public Safety, Technical Integration Group Engaged in Research on Resilience Public Safety, ADM Resilience Champion (Paul MacKinnon) Public Safety, ADM Resilience Champion (Gina Wilson) Public Safety, Office of the Associate DM (Matt Godsoe)

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Annex C: Network Map Showing the Relationship Between Legislation, Policy Instruments and the Emergency Management Pillars

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ANNEX D: METHODOLOGY The data used to inform this study consisted of federal, as well as national (i.e., Federal/Provincial/Territorial) legislation, policy documents related to emergency management, safety and security. While ideally every federal, departmental, and Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) policy, strategy and plan that exists would be included as part of the analysis, not all documents were either publically or readily available at the time this study was undertaken. Where there are gaps, they are expected to involve internal, Federal departmental policies and emergency management plans, as well as those related to national security. As well, there is only one strategy that deals explicitly with law enforcement (i.e., National Crime Prevention Strategy). Time constraints meant that international frameworks and conventions were not exhaustively captured, and while national plans were identified, the study has not yet focused on provincial or territorial policies/plans. One hundred and one (101) documents in total were analyzed and included in the network. The majority of the documents (53.5%) are federal legislation (i.e., Acts, Regulations and Statutes), followed by federal and national plans (21.6%). The remainder mostly refer to domestic policy instruments (i.e., policies, strategies, frameworks and guidance). There is only one international document. A multi-mode network was constructed to account for two relationships: (1) a network of relations between legislation and policy instruments; and (2) a network of relations between these same documents and any one or more of the pillars of emergency management (i.e., prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery) that each document was said or inferred to support. Measures of relations were binary, hence were coded as present (one) or absent (zero). The network of documents (shown in Annex A and Annex B) is directional, since the ties between the documents were seen as emanating from the enabling to the enabled document. For example, if policy document B was seen as being informed by legislation A, then a binary association was recorded with a directional link from node A to B. There were a few instances where policies were seen as having led to new legislation (e.g., the National Security Policy of 2004 articulating the need for the creation of the Department of Public Safety, thus leading to the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Act of 2005). However, that was not a common scenario. On the other hand, it is often the case that new legislation is enacted to modify existing legislation, in which case an older act of legislation can be seen to have been enabled by a newer act of legislation. This type of scenario was not bore out on the policy side. Polices are simply updated, as required. Records of older policies are neither maintained nor publicized. In any case, the purpose was to create a network visualization that showed the structure of the current system at the time this report was written. The resulting network shows how legislation and policy instruments are aligned. It is not intended to convey governance with respect to emergency management or national security, although such elements might be contained within the network. The emergency management pillar sub-network (shown in Annex C) is also directional, albeit in this case, arrows were identified as emanating from legislation and policy documents to any one or more of the five emergency management pillars. As one example, since the Emergency Management Act (2007) referenced all five pillars, separate lines of association were recorded with a directional link from this Act to each

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of the pillars. For visual simplicity, the directional links (i.e., arrows) were removed from the network visualizations in this document.

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ANNEX E: NETWORK ANALYSIS Main Network Annex A shows a visualization of the main document affiliation network. It contains 101 nodes representing policy and legislation documents related to emergency management, safety and security (with publication dates ranging from 1985 to 2012), and affiliation links representing an alignment between documents based on explicit references found in the text. Policy documents are represented by blue nodes and legislation documents are shown in red. The network is almost completely connected except for one node representing the National Crime Prevention Strategy, which is not included as part of the main network. At the time this paper was written, no links were uncovered between this instrument and any others. There was no particular legislation that was found to have enabled this Strategy nor are there are any other policy instruments to which this Strategy was found to align. This is presumed to be a gap. By contrast, no other fragmentation exists in the network, which appears surprising given that the nodes are representative of what might be seen as two distinct domains, being emergency management and national security. Out of 10,100 of all possible connections (every node connected to every other node), there are 272 connections in the network, representing 2.7% of all possible connections. On that basis, the network can be said to be only minimally connected overall. Perhaps, of greater interest and relevance however, is whether the right number and type of connections are present. While results of this research could be used to facilitate that type of discussion among the relevant policy experts, answering that specific question is beyond the scope of the study. Instead, what this paper seeks to do is to identify some of the main legislation and policy instruments, and to reflect on their inter-connections. The size of the nodes in the network, as well as the size of the texts in the labels attached to each node, is proportional to the number of times a particular document was identified as having enabled or aligned with another document. Hence, the larger the node and the text, the greater the influence of the document in question. The number of links between nodes are also indicative of this relationship. For visual simplicity, the directional links (i.e., arrows) have been removed from this network visualization. Table 1 shows a list of the legislation and policy documents based on the number of times they were referenced by other documents in the network. Four of the top five documents represent legislation, the Emergency Management and the Public Safety Acts being foremost among them, having been identified by 16 other documents. The Emergency Management Act provides the enabling legislation for most emergency management policies, plans and strategies. The Public Safety Act was enacted in 2002 for the precise purpose of amending a number of other Acts, mostly related to emergency management, but also transportation security and defense. The third most widely referred to document is the Federal Emergency Response Plan (FERP). The FERP is an overarching plan that is meant to ensure an integrated Government of Canada response to an emergency. Federal government institutions are responsible for developing their own, more specific emergency management plans that align with the FERP.

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Based on a purely visual inspection of the structure of network shown in Annex A, one can observe that the major hubs (i.e. the highly connected nodes) are not all directly connected to one another, and also don’t appear in the very center of the network. In fact, the very center of the network appears somewhat sparse; displaying a low density of both nodes and links. As such, there may be benefits of creating of a new central hub (e.g., a national resilience strategy) with the goal of linking together the other hubs, thus performing a coordinating function between the otherwise disparate legislation and policy instruments, based on the current view. Policy-Only Network When observing the complete network in Annex A, it is apparent that many of the nodes in the network represent federal legislation (with a comparatively greater number of links between them). This predominance of legislation can be understood both in terms of the nature of legislation versus policy, and in terms of the accessibility of the relevant documents. New legislation is continuously enacted that is enabled by or amends previous legislation. Furthermore, the Department of Justice publishes online, and periodically reviews all legislation (statutes, acts, and regulation). By contrast, when

Table 1:

Key legislation and policy documents based on the number of times they were referenced by other documents in the network.

Document Document Type Number of References 1. Emergency Management Act Act 16 2. Public Safety Act Act 16 3. Federal Emergency Response Plan Plan 15 4. Criminal Code Statute 14 5. Canada Shipping Act Act 11

6. National Security Policy Policy 9 7. Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act Act 9 8. Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Act 8 9. Nuclear Safety and Control Act Act 8 10. Federal Nuclear Emergency Plan Plan 7 11. Financial Administration Act Act 7 12. Emergency Management Framework for Canada Framework 6 13. National Emergency Response System Strategy 6 14. Anti-Terrorism Act Act 5 15. Canada's National CBRNE Resilience Strategy Strategy 5 16. Department of Public Safety and Emergency

Preparedness Act Act 5

17. Federal Policy for Emergency Management Policy 5

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policy instruments are reviewed and updated, very often, they are replaced by a new version of the same policy. At other times, a new policy is created, but in situations such as these, it is difficult to obtain records of older policies, since they are not generally maintained or publicized. Furthermore, many more policy documents are internal and not publically available. Consequently, it is much more difficult to obtain copies of policy documents, as compared to legislation. Annex B shows a subcomponent of the network from Annex A obtained by removing all of the nodes representing legislation. The resulting network of 46 nodes is still a directional network, but in this case, the lines of affiliation are solely between policy instruments. For the sake of visual simplicity, the directional arrows are hidden from view. The size of the node, as well as the label text, is proportional to the number of times each document was explicitly referenced as being aligned with another document in the network. The connections between nodes can for example represent instances where one response plan refers to the need to coordinate with another plan. The network becomes somewhat fragmented once the legislation is removed. Three nodes no longer have links to other nodes in the network. The National Crime Prevention Strategy was already an isolated node in the full network. The other two nodes that are now isolated refer to plans that, through regulations, are required of third parties, outside the federal community (i.e., Emergency Response Assistance Plan and Canada’s Marine Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Regime). A small, second component (shown at the top of the network in Annex B) is now also apparent, with three nodes connected to one another, but no longer connected to the main network (i.e., Environmental Response National Preparedness Policy, Environmental Prevention and Response National Preparedness Plan and Marine Safety Management System). In the policy-only network, the Federal Emergency Response plan (FERP) was identified by the most number of other policy instruments, hence is the largest node in network with twice the number of outgoing links than the second most influential document. While the FERP shows up as being among the most influential of documents, which given its intent one might expect, it is important to note that there are 18 federal emergency response plans in the network and of those only 11 explicitly align with the FERP. In some cases, plans were created before the FERP and have not since been updated (e.g., 1999 National Environmental Emergencies Contingency Plan). In these cases, consideration is warranted as to whether these instruments should be updated now that the FERP exists. Emergency Management Pillar View A second, preliminary network analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship between legislation and policy instruments and the emergency management pillars that each document supports (see Annex C). A content analysis was undertaken to identify the links between each document and the pillars (i.e., prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery). Of the 101 documents in the network, 40 were found to be directly related to emergency management. Many were found to address more than one of the pillars, and there are a few that supported all pillars (e.g., Emergency Management Act).

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The grey nodes residing on the circumference of the network in Annex C correspond to each of the 40 documents that were included in this analysis. By contrast, the red nodes in the center represent the EM pillars. A straight, directed line was used to denote an association between the documents and the EM pillars. Since oftentimes documents referred to more than one pillar, it is important to note that these categories are not mutually exclusive. The size of each of the central (red) nodes is proportional to the number of incoming links, or in practical terms, to the number of policy or legislation documents associated with each of the pillars. As evident in the figure, the majority of the documents deal with preparedness (30) and response (28). The prevention and mitigation pillars, which were closely related and oftentimes indistinguishable in the documents, have 20 and 19 documents associated with them, respectively. Recovery, on the other hand, was identified in only 11 out of the 40 documents. Of the 40 documents, nearly half were interpreted as being associated with two of the EM pillars (47.5%), nine (22.5%) addressed all five pillars; one (2.5%) was seen as addressing four of the five; whereas, five documents (12.5%) addressed three pillars and six (15%) were only seen as being relevant to one of the pillars. These findings may suggest the need for new policy and/or legislation to provide a coordinated approach to activities aimed at restoring normal conditions after an emergency (i.e., recovery), as well as activities to eliminate or reduce the risks and consequences posed by hazards and threats before an emergency occurs (i.e., prevention and mitigation), in order to bring more balance to the full-spectrum of national and federal emergency management.

Glossary Title and Description Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada National Emergency Management Plan, 2011 A plan designed to help mitigate or reduce the impact of emergencies on the safety, health and security of affected First Nation individuals and property. Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure, 2009 A plan which sets out action items in the areas of partnerships, risk management and information sharing to strengthen Canada’s critical infrastructure resiliency. Aeronautics Act, 1985 An Act that that governs civil aviation in Canada. Anti-Terrorism Act, 2003 An Act that amends other legislation, in order to respond to the threat of terrorism. Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations, 1985 Regulations that govern the navigation in arctic waters within Canadian jurisdiction. Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, 1985 An Act to prevent pollution of the Canadian arctic. Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, 2004 An international treaty seeking to address cybercrime. Canada Border Services Agency Act, 2005 An Act that established the Canada Border Services Agency and provided a legislative mandate to the agency. Canada Environmental Protection Act, 1999 An Act dealing with pollution prevention and the protection of the environment and human health. Canada Evidence Act, 1985 An Act that regulates the rules around evidence and witnesses in court. Canada Shipping Act, 2001 An Act pertaining to shipping and navigation. It requires that ships and designated oil-handling facilities maintain a response capability for spills. Canada’s Marine Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Regime, 1985 An industry-funded and managed emergency response plan designed to ensure that the industry has the capability, under the leadership of Transport Canada (TC), to clean up its own spills. Canada's Counter-Terrorism Strategy, 2012 A strategy which sets out basic elements that underpin the Government's counter-terrorism activities. Canada's Cyber Security Strategy, 2010 A strategy for meeting the growing threat of cyber crimes.

Canada's National CBRNE Resilience Strategy, 2010 A strategy which provides the policy framework that guides the creation and maintenance of sustainable capabilities, common standards and steers investments in CBRNE policies, programs, equipment, and training in a common direction. Canada's National Disaster Mitigation Strategy, 2008 A strategy which sets out a common vision including Federal, Provincial and Territorial partners for disaster mitigation activities in Canada. Canada's National Security Policy, 2004 Policy that articulates core national security interests and proposes a framework for addressing threats to Canadians. It outlines the integrated security system the Government of Canada will build. Canadian Air Transport Security Authority Act, 2002 An Act that established the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority and its mandate. Canadian Aviation Security Regulations, 2012 Regulations, designed supplement the legislative framework, that facilitate the detection of, prevention of, response to and recovery from acts or attempted acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation. Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act, 1997 An Act that established the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and provided a legislative mandate to the agency. Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan for the Health Sector, 2012 A plan designed to minimize serious illness, deaths and societal disruption among Canadians as a result of an influenza pandemic. Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act, 1985 An Act that established the Canadian Security Intelligence Service and its mandate. Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act, 1989 An Act which deals with accident and incident reporting and investigation for all modes of transport under federal jurisdiction. CATSA Aerodrome Designation Regulations, 2002 Regulations listing locations considered to be aerodomes, or locations from which aircraft flight operations take place, by the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority. CBRNE Action Plan for Canada, 2011 A plan setting out actions and timelines for CBRNE programs and activities over a five-year period. CCG Maritime Security Framework, 2010 A framework outlining the contribution of the Canadian Coast Guard to Canada’s national security. CNSC Nuclear Emergency Response Plan, 2010 A plan describing the role of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission in the event of an emergency involving a nuclear facility or radioactive materials. CNSC Regulatory Policy, Nuclear Emergency Management, 2006 A policy which provide guiding principles and direction for Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission staff activities relating to nuclear emergency management.

Communications Interoperability Action Plan for Canada, 2012 The plan articulates specific tasks assigned to each action item in the Communications Interoperability Strategy for Canada. Communications Interoperability Strategy for Canada, 2011 A strategy which sets goals and identifies key national priorities to enhance governance, planning, technology, training and exercises to promote interoperable voice and data communications. Communications Policy of the Government of Canada, 2006 Policy to ensure that communications across the Government of Canada are well co-ordinated, effectively managed and responsive. Includes Risk, Crisis and Emergency Communication. Criminal Code, 1985 A legislative statute that codifies criminal offences and procedures in Canada. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Act, 1985 An Act that established the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade and its legislative mandate. Department of Health Act, 1996 An Act that established the Department of Health (Health Canada) and its legislative mandate. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Act, 1985 An Act that established the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and provided a legislative mandate to the department. Department of Justice Act, 1985 An Act that established the Department of Justice and its legislative mandate. Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Act, 2005 An Act that established the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and provided a legislative mandate to the department. Departmental Climate Change Risk Assessment Guidance, 2012 A guideline outlining an established risk management process as a mechanism for identifying, evaluating and treating climate change risks to departments. Direction of Public Prosecutions Act, 2006 An Act that established the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions and its legislative mandate. DND Nuclear Emergency Response Plan A plan outlining the Department of National Defence’s response to a nuclear emergency arising during peacetime. Domestic Ferries Security Regulations, 2009 Regulations pertaining to the Canadian ferry transportation system that establish a framework for detecting security threats and taking preventive measures against security incidents. Emergencies Act, 1985 An Act which authorizes taking special temporary measures to ensure safety and security during national emergencies.

Emergency Management Act, 2007 An Act that provides for emergency management by setting out clear roles and responsibilities for federal Ministers across the spectrum of emergency management. Emergency Management Framework for Canada, 2011 A framework which Establishes a common approach for the various FPT emergency management initiatives, respecting provincial and territorial laws and plans already in place. Emergency Preparedness Act, 1985 An Act which outlines measures for emergency preparedness and makes related amendments to the National Defence Act. Repealed in 2007 and replaced by the EMA. Emergency Response Assistance Plan, 2011 A plan required of any person(s) transporting dangerous goods, to ensure the existence of a suitable response capability to emergency situations involving the dangerous goods for which the plan was created. Environmental Prevention and Response National Preparedness Plan, 2010 A plan which establishes the national preparedness capacity for marine spill response under Transport Canada's regulatory role. Environmental Response National Preparedness Policy, 2010 This policy defines Transport Canada’s role as lead regulatory agency for the Canadian marine spill response. Federal Adaptation Policy Framework, 2011 A policy framework which guides domestic action by the Government of Canada to address adaptation to the impacts of climate variability and change. Federal Emergency Response Plan, 2011 A plan facilitating an integrated, "all-hazards" federal response to emergencies. The plan harmonizes and coordinates federal emergency response with provinces/territorial governments, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. Federal Nuclear Emergency Plan, 2012 A plan which provides the structure for federal preparedness and response to a nuclear emergency. Federal Policy for Emergency Management, 2009 Policy promoting an integrated and resilient all-hazards approach to emergency management planning among federal government institutions. Financial Administration Act, 1985 An Act defining the financial administration of the Government of Canada, including the establishment and maintenance of accounts and control over Crown corporations. Food and Agriculture Emergency Response System, 1999 Emergency Response Plan for response to agricultural emergencies. Developed jointly by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), provincial departments of agriculture and other agri-food sector stakeholders. Food and Drugs Act, 1985 An Act dealing with the production, import, export, and transport of food, drugs, cosmetics and therapeutic devices that attempts to ensure that these products are safe and effective.

Foundation Framework for Treasury Board Policies, 2008 A framework which explains the purpose of Treasury Board policies, directives and guidelines and summarizes general requirements common to all Treasury Board policy instruments. Framework for the Management of Compliance, 2009 A framework which clarifies the roles of the Treasury Board in monitoring and managing compliance with legal and Treasury Board policy requirements. Framework for the Management of Risk, 2010 A framework which provides guidance to Deputy Heads on the implementation of effective risk management practices at all levels of their organization. Hazardous Products Act, 1985 An Act which prohibits the advertising, sale and importation of hazardous products. Health of Animals Act, 1990 An Act to prevent the introduction of animal diseases into Canada and to prevent the spread of animals diseases. Health Portfolio EM Policy and Strategic Emergency Management Plan, 2011 A plan which describes the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and Health Canada (HC) roles and responsibilities for emergency management. Health Portfolio Emergency Preparedness Policy, 2011 Policy framework which guides emergency management activities across the Health Portfolio and with partners. Health Portfolio Emergency Response Plan, 2009 Emergency Response Plan for response to health emergencies. Developed jointly by PHAC and Health Canada. Human Pathogens and Toxins Act, 2009 An Act outlining prohibitions and requirements related to handling of human pathogens and toxins. Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2001 An Act which sets out the core principles and concepts that govern Canada's immigration and refugee protection. Indian Act, 1985 An act defining registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. International Bridges and Tunnels Act, 2007 An Act which sets out the federal government’s authority over international bridges and tunnels to ensure that these structures are safe and secure and that the flow of people and goods is maintained. International Health Regulations, Resolution 58.3 of the 58th World Health Organization, 2005 A resolution of the United Nations General Assembly on enhancing capacity building in global public health, which underscores the importance of the International Health Regulations. Marine Liability Act, 2001 An Act defining marine liability and validating certain by-laws and regulations.

Marine Safety Management System, 2010 Policies and procedures from Transport Canada for all ship-source spills. Marine Spills Contingency Plan, 2011 A plan which defines the scope and framework within which the Canadian Coast Guard will operate to ensure a response to marine pollution incidents. Marine Transportation Security Act, 1994 An Act which provides the legislative framework to ensure the security of the marine transportation systems in Canada. Marine Transportation Security Regulations, 2004 Regulations outlining a framework for detecting security threats and taking measures to prevent security incidents that could affect marine vessels and their facilities. National Counter-Terrorism Plan, 1993 A plan, formerly administered by the Department of the Solicitor General, outlining the basis for national response to a terrorist incident on Canadian soil. National Crime Prevention Strategy, 1998 A strategy which provides a policy framework for the implementation of crime prevention interventions in Canada. National Defence Act, 1985 An Act that established the Department of National Defence and its mandate as well enabling legislation for organizing Canada's military. National Emergency Response System, 2011 The NERS is an annex to the FERP, and articulates how provincial / territorial governments will link to the FERP, and how the federal government will supports provincial and territorial emergency response when needed. National Environmental Emergencies Contingency Plan, 1999 Emergency Response Plan prepared by Environment Canada in consultation with other federal government departments, provinces and territories, which describes the actions to be taken when environmental emergencies occur. National Framework for Health Emergency Management, 2004 A framework which set out the principles and elements of leadership and coordination for F/P/T emergency management systems in the health and social services sectors. National Security Policy, 2004 A strategic framework which articulates national security interests and outlines the integrated security system for the Government of Canada. Navigation Safety Regulations, 2005 Regulations outlining the safety requirements for Canadian ships as well as non-Canadian ships in Canadian waters. National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure, 2009 A strategy to strengthen the resiliency of critical infrastructure in Canada against current and emerging hazards and threats. National Resources Canada’s Emergency Management Plan 6, 2012 A plan which describes National Resources Canada’s roles and responsibilities for emergency management for nuclear and radiological incidents.

North American Plan for Animal and Pandemic Influenza, 2012 A plan to strengthen trilateral emergency response capacities and collaborations in order to ensure a coordinated response to outbreaks of animal influenza or an influenza pandemic. Notifiable Avian Influenza Hazard Specific Plan, 2011 A plan to ensure a consistent response by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, when there is suspicion of an outbreak of notifiable avian influenza. Nuclear Liability Act, 1985 An Act defining the civil liability for operators of nuclear power facilities in the event of an accident. Nuclear Safety and Control Act, 1997 An Act that establish the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission and set its legislative mandate. Oceans Act, 1996 An Act providing a framework for modern ocean management. Pest Control Product Act, 2002 An Act designed to protect human health and safety and the environment by regulating products used for pest control. Policy on Government Security, 2009 Policy to ensure that deputy heads effectively manage security activities within departments and contribute to effective government-wide security management. Proceeds of Crime and Terrorist Financing Act, 2000 An Act designed to facilitate combatting money laundering and financing of terrorist activities. It also established the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC) and its legislative mandate. Public Health Agency of Canada Act, 2006 An Act that established the Public Health Agency of Canada and its legislative mandate. Public Safety Act, 2002 An act that amends other legislation, to implement the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, in order to enhance public safety. Quarantine Act, 2005 An Act designed to prevent the introduction and spread of communicable diseases. The Act authorizes the Minister of Health to establish quarantine zones and to designate quarantine officers. Radiation Emitting Devices Act, 1985 An Act that prohibits the sale and importation of radiation emitting devices that do not comply with the applicable standards. Railway Safety Act, 1989 An act which gives responsibility to Transport Canada for overseeing railway safety. RCMP Act, 1985 An Act that established the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and its legislative mandate.

Security of Information Act, 1985 An Act defining accountability for unauthorized disclosure of classified and/or designated information. Security Offenses Act, 1985 An Act which defines enforcement roles in relation to national security. Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 An Act which promotes public safety in the transportation of dangerous goods. Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, 2011 Regulations outlining how dangerous goods must be handled and/or transported. Transportation Safety Board Regulations, 1992 Regulations enforcing reporting of incidents to the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board and regulating rules around evidence pertaining to these incidents.