Project Gaia Cracking the Nut 2012 Presentation Jun 26 2012

7/31/2019 Project Gaia Cracking the Nut 2012 Presentation Jun 26 2012

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Linking Agriculture to Household EnergyDemand: A Ready Market of Three Billion

Project Gaia:A Global CleanStove & Fuel Initiative:

Harry Stokes

Brady Luceno

Gulce Askin

Cracking the Nut June 26, 2012


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Project Gaia Presentation Outline

1. Intro Video (5 Minutes)

Why is cooking important?

2. Powerpoint Presentation

Global Ag & Energy Issues +

CleanCook stove, fuel, ethanolmicrodistillery solution

Case Studies: Ethiopia, Nigeria,Madagascar, Haiti

3. CleanCook Stove Demonstration4. Question & Answer

5. Project Gaia Wrap-Up


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Why is Cooking Important?


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Project Gaia Organizational Overview

Who We Are:

International 5013 nonprofit, based in PA Established 1998, Incorporated 2007 PGI promotes an energy revolution

alcohol fuels for the developing world

Clean liquid fuel leader in the global clean-cooking fuels initiative (Global Alliance forClean Cookstoves & UNHCR)

Ethanol displaces charcoal, wood, dung andother low-grade biomass fuels

Stoves + ethanol mitigates emissions,

reduces health risks and deforestationassociated with woodfuels Takes culturally-sensitive approach to

provide household energy appliance that fitcommunity needs

Targets energy-poor communities


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Project Gaia/Gaia AssociationStudy and Project Sites

Projects and studies: Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa,Brazil, Kenya, Haiti and Mozambique.


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Supermodel & UNEP Ambassador GiseleBundchen (Jan 2012)

USEPA Administrator Lisa Jackson (Feb 2011)

HRH Prince Charles and the King of Sweden (Mar 2012)

Project Gaia Recognitionround the World


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The Problem: Health

3 billion people do not have access to a basic living standard:clean energyto cook or light their homes with.

Nearly 2 million deaths annually caused by illnesses related to indoor

smoke inhalation related to cooking and heating (one person every 20seconds)

low birth weight in infants, pneumonia and ALRI in children, COPD inadults, cardiovascular disease and cataracts

World Health Organization estimates harmful cookstove smoke to beone of the top five threats to public health in poor, developing countries

Energy povertyaffects everyone but it affects women and childrendisproportionately


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During this 1.5 hour session, 270 people will die fromillnesses resulting from indoor air pollution.

85% will be women and/or children.


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Besides being a leading global public health issue, thehealth issues resulting from indoor air pollution have

direct implications on rural ag. development.

1. Women comprise almost 50% of the agriculturallabor force in Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan

Africa and 20% in Latin America.

2. In developing countries in Africa and Asia and thePacific, women typically work 12 to 13 hours

perweek more than men.Estimate 20 hours per week collecting firewoodEstimate 4-6 hours per day cooking

International Fund for Agriculture Development, 2011


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The Problem: Environment

The Environment

Recent studies estimate that soot,or black carbon, is responsiblefor between 18 - 40% of global

warmingand 30% of arcticmelting. Black carbon can becontrolled by switching to cleanerfuels and stoves probably thequickest way to slow global

warming.

2 million tons of biomass are going up in smoke every day. CO2 is the principlegreen-house gas produced by biomass combustion, but not the only one. Carbonmonoxide and methane are also harmful emissions.Project Gaia is currently exploring carbon financing for ethanol stoves.


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The Problem: Economy of HH Fuels

Traditional fuels for sale inAddis Ababa. The cityscash economy pulls in thesewoodfuels, but they are no

longer cheap.

After food, fuel is the largestcash market in Africa. InAfrica the charcoal market isestimated to be $10-12

billion each year.


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Two examples ofdirty, smoky fuelsin common use:

Animal dung

Tif tif for sale.

This fuel is ablend of charcoaldust and clay.


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Food vs. Charcoal: Most fuel in Africa ispurchased =

Africans have purchasing power

Nairobi, KenyaPrice of charcoalvs. price of food.

This amount ofcharcoal might

only cook 2meals for afamily of 5


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The CleanCook Stove

Ethanol can be made sustainably from: Sugary materials such as sugarcane, sweet

sorghum, sugar beets, even mesquite pods Starches such as cassava (manioc or yucca),

potatoes, maize, even palms (Raffia, sago).

Cellulose materials like wood, grasses, andagricultural residues

Food wastes from urban centers, such asfruit and vegetable waste from the market,processing wastes, from coffee or canning

The Solution: Appropriate Technology


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The CleanCookStove


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The CleanCook Stove has logged

nearly3 million stoveuse days in the laboratoryand the field without a singlestove accident


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Our Strategy

1. Introduce efficient micro distilleries a simple, affordabletechnology

2. Close the loop between production and consumption.

3. Use co-products of ethanol distillation to heat homes, feedanimals and fertilize land.

Expected Results

1. Diversified income for smallholders

2. Jobs created along the supply chain: production, manufacturing,distribution, sales and marketing

3. Improved livelihoods

4. Increased investments into the most rural agricultural markets

Linking Energy and Agriculture


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Putting the Farmer into the Fuel Supply Chain

Woodfuel:

Ethanol:


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Where does the ethanol comefrom in Gaia projects?

Sugarcane wastes resulting fromproducing sugar from sugarcane

Large-scale production

Compost/vegetable waste

Microdistillery project underway

Small scale distilleries -sugarcane

Toaka gasy (low grade rum

production)

Ethiopia Madagascar

NigeriaHaiti

Sugarcane wastes

Beverage industry alcohol

Compost/vegetable waste

Small/medium- scale production

Cassava/manioc agri-wastes(starchy feedstock)

Largest cassava producer

Plan: create network of modularmicrodistilleries to produce fuel

MICRODISTILLERY MODEL


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MICRODISTILLERY MODEL:Integrating Food & Energy Systems

FAO Report, Feb 2011:IFES (Integrated Food Energy Systems)

Producing food and energy side-by-side may offer one of the best

formulas for boosting countries foodand energy security while alsoreducing poverty.

Farming systems that combinefood and energy crops present

numerous benefits to poor ruralcommunitiesAlexander Muller, FAO

Assistant Director-General for NaturalResources


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And Integrated Farm and EMD can produce alcoholfor sale and a variety of primary products:

Hot water Wet or Dry distillers grains for animal feed or for human

consumption CO2 for a greenhouse and stover or bagasse for compost/power for the boiler

As well as secondary products: Fish food for an aquaculture operation Fish products Mushrooms

Greenhouse vegetables

Co-Product Utilization and Sale:More ways to produce food & fuel


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Large Scale & Micro Distilleries Compared

Efficiency of scale is nota hard rule for ethanolproduction. Ethanoldistillation is scalable.Micro distilleries can bevery efficient. In certain

ways they can be moreefficient. Equipmentmay be simpler andelectricity co-gen maynot be feasible, butbecause they fit into the

local context better, theycan take advantage offeedstock & sitingopportunities.


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Measuring Attractiveness of Distillery Investment

1. Approximately 80% of the cost of the final fuel product depends on thefeedstock. Cheaper & underutilized feedstocks ideal (ex. In Africa molasses @

20$/ton)2. Co and By-Products open new markets

Grain based Animal feed Fertilizer

3. Adding value to marginalized lands/soils Versatility of feedstock crops (for example sweet sorghum in highly

deforested areas like Ethiopia & Haiti)4. Investing DIRECTLY in women and involving them across the value chain Feedstock cultivation, ethanol production, stove & fuel marketing and

distribution5. Vertical integration for emerging markets


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Case Study: Ethiopia

Gaia Association established 2005 as an Ethiopian NGO

Operating in Addis Ababa, rural regions, Kebribeyah, Awbarre andSheder Refugee Camps in eastern Ethiopia

Project partners: USEPA, ARRA,UNHCR, World Bank BEIA, NCF,Federal EPA and private donors

Pilot studies and stove scale-ups in rural and urban areas. Surveys, HHenergy reports, business plans and monitoring & evaluation

Local stove manufacturing in Addis Ababa


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Ethiopian Government ethanol production: plan to scale up to 345million liters annually by 2015.

Household energy is priority in National Biofuels Policy

Barriers: Top down control of fuel supply, fuel blending and exportspresent risks. Gasoline and petroleum fuels place inflationary pressureon centralized ethanol, which is a much cheaper fuel.

Ethiopia: Large-Scale Production


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Ethiopia: Small-Scale ProductionCommunity-owned Microdistilleries + CleanCook Stoves

Rural Regions

120 LPD EMD in Gambella, Amhara and Oromorural communities

Feedstock is sugarcane

Urban and Peri-urban (Addis Ababa)

1,000 lpd EMD in outskirts of Addis

Owned by FWFCA Womens Cooperative, withfunding from the World Bank & Nordic ClimateFund

Feasibility study to utilize urban market fruit andvegetable waste fuel from waste.


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Case Study: Nigeria

Implemented by Nigerian NationalBiotechnology Development Agency in OyoState.

EMD to produce ethanol for cooking andlighting

Vegetable and fruit waste and non-foodcrops (including the non-food portion ofcassava).

EMD from Brazilian Green Social Bioethanol

In collaboration with domestic private sectorpartners & local government

PGI facilitated purchase ofCleanCook ethanolstoves & provides training


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Case Study: Madagascar

World-Bank study to compare ethanolstoves with solid fuel stoves

Assessment of impacts on fuel use, time,

IAP, personal exposure, health outcomes.

Results show average of2.5 hrs per daysavings. Only ethanol stove reducedpersonal emissions exposure.

PGI currently working to build ethanolinfrastructure EMD workshop in July


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Small Scale Ethanol Production in Madagascar

Small scale ethanol plant with pieces and plumbing supplies under constructionat TanyMevasEthanol Fair in Antananarivo.


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Case Study: Haiti

Promote local production of ethanol fuelin the mid-term

Convert old sugar mills into ethanoldistilleries to produce domestic energy

supply

Partnerships with distillery owners andagriculture research orgs

Various sites for installation of new EMDequipment to create local ethanol supplychain.


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Haiti Ethanol Production Potential

In 1983 Haiti feditself andharvested 78,000Ha of sugarcane.Today it cannotfeed itself and

harvests less than17,000 Ha of cane.The food vs. fueldebate is not aboutlocal resources butglobal markets.

If Haitian farmers can thrive again,Haiti will thrive. Producing for a local stove fuelmarket will be good for farmers, who will earn a living and be able to plant next year.

H iti E l S i N M k t


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Haiti Example: Spurring New Marketswith a 2,000 LPD Plant

Creation of unprecedented markets for sugarcane, sweet sorghum,cassava using fallow lands

Immediate source of income for small farmers (contracts with EMD)

Less crop spoilage during transport

150 farmers for 2,000 LPD plant

Scale-up to1,500 farmers employed for 45,000 liters per day

20 factory jobs created

Ability to sell in small quantities creates job opportunities for fuel &stove retailers and distributers

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION


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MADAGASCAR

MADAGASCAR

BRAZIL

BRAZIL


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Efficient tubular steam boilers capable of burning bagasse


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Ethanol Production from Various Feedstocks

Annual L/Ha Annual L/HaCattails in sewage with cellulose 93,500 Yams 879Cattails (starch only) 23,375 Corn 2,805

Cattails wild 10,051 Melons (Cucurbitaceae) 4,208

Sweet Sorghum (with cellulose) 32,725 Buffalo gourd (Cucurbita) 8,415

Sweet Sorghum cane 9,350 Prickly Pear Cactus, managed 8,415

Grain Sorghum 2,338 Prickly Pear wild 3,273

Cassava 16,830 Mesquite, managed 3,188

Nipa palms (Phillipines) 20,009 Castor bean (Jatropha) 3,029

Nipa palm (wild) 6,078 Rice, rough 1,870

Sago palm (wild, New Guinea) 6,078 Coffee pulp 1,403

Sugar cane (22 month crop) 8,415 Pinapples 729

Molasses 1,477 Mangos 944

Tropical Sugar Beets 5,610 Papayas 851Potatoes, starch only 3,740 Bananas 1,477

Sweet Potatoes 2,057 Cashew apple (India) 486

Yield Table -- Conventional and Alternative Feedstocks

Divide each value by 365 to compute number of houses served. If cassava yields 16,830liters/hectare, this is 128 houses provided with cooking for 3 meals each day.


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1. Local production ofclean fuel in both urban and rural settings.

2. Bioethanol is intrinsically cheap to produce. It starts its pricebuild-up at the micro distillery gate at far below that of petroleumfuels. It never has to enter a wider market where commodity pricingcould have an inflationary effect.

3. As a result, ethanol will be able to compete with purchased solidbiomass fuels (wood and charcoal) in most markets.

4. Locally produced fuel has a short supply chain. The producer canretail directly, without the middlemen.

5. This makes the fuel more accessible to base-of-the-pyramidbuyers.

6. Stimulates local agricultural markets. Creates jobs harvestingand transporting crops, operating machinery, retailing fuel.

7. Keeps wealth in the local community.

Benefits of Small-Scale Ethanol Production

Th Y f S i bl E f All


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The Year of Sustainable Energy for AllOfficially launched by UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon at 2012 UN Conference onSustainable Development (Rio+20)

The Objectives:

Universal access by 2030 | Improve Energy efficiency | DoubleRenewable Energy in Global Mix

The Commitments:

Governments: More than 50 Governments have undertaken strategicreforms where needed, and attract new investments and financialsupport.

US alone committed $2 billion in grants, loans and loanguarantees

Private Sector: $50 billion in commitments from businesses and

investors

Other key stakeholders: multilateral development banks,international and civil society

The SE4All initiative calls on these groups to mobilize on andaddress high-impact opportunities.


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Creating Public-Private Global Partnerships

Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves

100 by 20 goal calls for 100 million homes toadopt clean and efficient stoves and fuels by 2020

What does this mean for us?

A strong international commitment to householdenergy

A focus on household energy: cooking and lighting

New market opportunities for the private sector


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Thank You!

[email protected]@projectgaia.com

[email protected]

www.projectgaia.com

Project Gaia Cracking the Nut 2012 Presentation Jun 26 2012

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Transcript of Project Gaia Cracking the Nut 2012 Presentation Jun 26 2012